Programmed Instruction: Basic concepts
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This document discusses programmed instruction, which is a systematic, step-by-step method of self-instruction aimed at ensuring students learn specified behaviors. Programmed instruction breaks material down into small, logical steps and requires active student responses with immediate feedback. It allows students to learn at their own pace in a self-paced manner. While programmed instruction can help students learn independently without an instructor, it is best suited for teaching cognitive objectives and may limit creativity. Developing effective programmed instruction also requires expert knowledge and time.
Programmed Instruction: Basic concepts
- 1. By Shuvankar Madhu Assistant Professor of Education The University of Burdwan
- 2. PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION In America it’s known as Programmed Instruction, and in England it’s called as Programmed Learning. It is highly individualized and systematic instructional strategy. Especially use in providing materials to the students of Correspondence or ODL courses. It occupies of those subjects who requiring logical and systematic study.
- 3. Teaching , Instruction and Programmed Instruction According to Edgar Dale, “Teaching is a broad, vague, ill-defined term and Instruction is a purposeful orderly, controlled sequencing the experiences to reach a specified goal.” All instruction involves teaching but all teaching cannot be instruction. Programmed Instruction is a subhead under instruction and represent a more rigorous attempt to develop a mastery over specified goal. Fig. : Place of programmed instruction Teaching Instruction Programmed Instruction
- 4. Definitions of Programmed Instruction Harold W. Bernard: “Programmed Instruction refers to the arrangement of instructional material in progressive sequence.” Edgar Dale : “Programmed Instruction is a systematic, step by step, self instructional programme aimed to ensure the learning of stated behaviour.” Espich & William : “Programmed Instruction is a planned sequence of experience learning to proficiency in terms of stimulus response relationship that have proven to be effective.”
- 5. Characteristics of Programmed Instruction Individualised instruction, Logical sequence of material (small step), Active response, Immediate knowledge of the result, Learners own speed (self-pacing), Constant evaluation.
- 6. Principles of Programmed Instruction Principles of small steps, Principles of active responding, Principles of immediate reinforcement, Principles of self – pacing, Principles of students testing.
- 7. Advantages of Programmed Instruction Follows the maxim of Learning by doing, No fixed time interval for learning, Emphasis on individual differences and students involvement, Students can learn by their own speed, Learning becomes interesting game, Useful – where human instructors are not available.
- 8. Limitations of Programmed Instruction Only cognitive objectives can be achieved, There is no chance for nurturing the students creativity, It is costly and time consuming, Not applicable for all level of education, Material required expert knowledge and training.
- 9. References ◦ Aggarwal, J.C. (2004). “Educational Technology- Management and Evaluation”.vinod pustak mondir, agra-2. ◦ Kumar,K.L. (2006),Educational Technology. New Delhi: New Age International Pvt. Ltd. ◦ Mangal, S.K. and Uma Mangal. (2010), Essentials of Educational technology. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt, Ltd. ◦ Sampath,K., Panneerselvem,A .and Santhanam,S. (2004), Introduction to Educational Technology. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Pvt.Ltd. ◦ Srinivasan, P. and Muthumanickam, R,.(2010, August). An Innovative computer assisted instructional programme. . Edutracks. 9(12).