Programming Languages: comparison, history, future

Карты для механических машин

Карты для электронных машин

Machine code
00000000: 66 B8 05 00
00000004: 66 BB 07 00
00000008: 66 01 D8
0000000B: EB 05
0000000D: 66 50
0000000F: 66 31 C0
00000012: 66 B8 00 4C
00000016: CD 21

Assembly Language
pr1: mov ax, 5
mov bx, 7
add ax, bx
jmp exit
pr2: push ax
xor ax, ax
exit: mov ax, 4c00h
int 21h

Fortran
INTEGER N
N = 1
10 IF (N .LE. 100) THEN
WRITE (*,*) N
N = 2*N
GOTO 10
ENDIF
INTEGER I
DO 20 I = 10, 1, -2
WRITE (*,*) 'I =', i
20 CONTINUE

Basic
10 LET S = 0
20 MAT INPUT V
30 LET N = NUM
40 IF N = 0 THEN 100
50 FOR I = 1 TO N
65 LET S = S + V(I)
70 NEXT I
80 PRINT S/N
90 GO TO 10
100 END

LISP
(+ 1 2 3 4)
(defun factorial (n)
(if (= n 0) 1
(* n (factorial (- n 1)))))
(defun factorial (n)
(loop for i from 1 to n
for fac = 1 then (* fac i)
finally (return fac)))

Algol 60
BEGIN
INTEGER ARRAY candidates[0:1000];
INTEGER i;
FOR i := 0 STEP 1 UNTIL 1000 DO
BEGIN
candidates[i] := 1;
END;
END;

C
#include<stdio.h>
int f(int n) {
if (n == 0 || n == 1) return n;
else return (f(n - 1) + f(n - 2));
}
int main() {
printf("%dn", f(7));
return 0;
}

C++
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Point {
public:
double x, y;
};
int main() {
Point point1;
point1.x = 10.0;
point1.y = 20.0;
cout << point1.x << "," << point1.y << endl;
return 0;
}

Ada
function Get_Maximum (Of : My_Array_Type) return
Element_Type is
Maximum : Element_Type := Of (Of'First);
begin
for I in Of'First + 1 .. Of'Last loop
if Of (I) > Maximum then
Maximum := Of (I);
end if;
end loop;
return Maximum;
end Get;

dBase, FoxBase, Clipper
@ 0,0
arr := { 1, 2, 3 }
str := "abc"
FOR EACH a, b IN arr, str
? a, b
a *= 2
IF a == 3
?? Upper( b )
EXIT
ENDIF
NEXT

Haskell
fibonacci :: Integer -> Integer
fibonacci 0 = 1
fibonacci 1 = 1
fibonacci x = fibonacci (x-1) + fibonacci (x-2)
fibs = 1 : 1 : zipWith (+) fibs (tail fibs)
fib n = fibs !! n

Python
def sumDigit(num):
sum = 0
while(num):
sum += num % 10
num = int(num / 10)
return sum
num = [15, 300, 2700, 821, 52, 10, 6]
print('Maximum is:', max(num, key=sumDigit))

Java
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a[] = new int [100];
Random rnd = new Random();
int max = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
a[i] = rnd.nextInt(100);
if (a[j] > max) max = a[j];
}
}
}

Delphi
procedure TForm1.MyButtonClick(Sender: TObject);
var
Button: TButton;
begin
Button := Sender as TButton;
ShowMessage(Button.Caption + ' clicked');
end;
AButton := TButton.Create;
AButton.Caption = 'Click me';
AButton.OnClick := MyButtonClick;

SQL
CREATE TABLE Department(
Id INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
Name CHAR(50) NOT NULL,
EmpId INT NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT (Id, Name, EmpId)
VALUES (1, 'Software', 7);
SELECT * FROM Department WHERE Id = 1;

PHP
<?php class UserLogin {
private $logged_in = false;
function __construct(sname) {
session_name(sname);
session_start();
$session_id = session_id();
if (isset($_SESSION['userid'])) {
$this->logged_in = true;
}
}
} ?>

C#
[Serializable]
public class Point {
public int x = 0;
public int y = 0;
}
Point p1 = new Point();
p1.x = 10;
p1.y = 20;
IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
Stream stream = new FileStream("File.bin",
FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None);
formatter.Serialize(stream, p1);
stream.Close();

Go
package main
import "fmt"
func f(from string) {
for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
fmt.Println(from, ":", i)
}
}
func main() {
f("direct")
go f("goroutine")
}

Rust
fn main() {
for n in 1..50 {
println!("{}", n);
if n % 3 == 0 {
println!("if n % 3 == 0");
} else if n % 5 == 0 {
println!("n % 5 == 0");
}
}
println!("Done");
}

TypeScript
interface Person {
firstName: string;
lastName: string;
}
function greeter(person: Person) {
return 'Hello, ' + person.firstName + ' ' + person.lastName;
}
const user = { firstName: 'Marcus', lastName: 'Aurelius' };
console.log(greeter(user));

Swift
var square = 0
var diceRoll = 0
while square < finalSquare {
diceRoll += 1
if diceRoll == 7 {
diceRoll = 1
}
square += diceRoll
if square < board.count {
square += board[square]
}
}
print("Game over!")

Kotlin
class Animal(val name: String)
class Zoo(val animals: List<Animal>) {
operator fun iterator(): Iterator<Animal> {
return animals.iterator()
}
}
fun main() {
val zoo = Zoo(listOf(Animal("zebra"), Animal("lion")))
for (animal in zoo) {
println("Watch out, it's a ${animal.name}")
}
}

Programming Languages: comparison, history, future

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