Project based learning
- 1. PROJECT BASED LEARNING A. Definition of Project Based Learning Project Based Learning is a teaching method in which students gain knowledge and skills by working for an extended period of time to investigate and respond to an engaging and complex question, problem, or challenge. The definition through with the description presented by Bell (2005) is as follows: a. Project Based Learning is curriculum fueled and standards based. b. Project Based Learning asks a question or poses a problem that each student can answer. c. Project Based Learning asks students to investigate issues and topics addressing real-world problems while integrating subjects across the curriculum. d. Project Based Learning is a models that fosters abstract, intellectual tasks to explore complex issues. B. Implementation Of The Project-Based Learning 1. Planning includes project-based learning instructional design will be done in the implementation of project-based learning. According to Dick and Carey model of instructional design include: a. Identify Instructional Goal Goal statement describes a skill, knowledge or attitude(SKA) that a learner will be expected to acquire b. Conduct Instructional Analysis Identify what a learner must recall and identify what learner must be able to do to perform particular task c. Analyze Learners and Contexts Identify general characteristics of the target audience including prior skills, prior experience, and basic demographics; identify characteristics directly related to the skill to be taught; and perform analysis of the performance and learning settings. d. Write Performance Objectives Objectives consists of a description of the behavior, the condition and criteria. The component of an objective that describes the criteria that will be used to judge the learner's performance. e. Develop Assessment Instruments Purpose of entry behavior testing, purpose of pretesting, purpose of post testing, purpose of practice items/practice problems f. Develop Instructional Strategy
- 2. Pre-instructional activities, content presentation, Learner participation, assessment g. Develop and Select Instructional Materials h. Design and Conduct Formative Evaluation of Instruction Designer try to identify areas of the instructional materials that are in need of improvement. i. Revise Instruction To identify poor test items and to identify poor instruction j. Design and Conduct Summative Evaluation 2. Implementation of Project-Based Learning As for the implementation of project-based learning is done as follows a. Setting up learning resources b. Explaining the task to be done by learners c. Determination of project d. The design steps of project completion e. Preparation of the project implementation schedule f. Completion of the project to the facilitation and monitoring of teachers g. Preparation of reports and presentation / publication of the results of the project h. Evaluation of the process and results of project 3. Evaluation Evaluation stage is an important stage in the project-based learning. That teachers know how far the practice learning objectives can be achieved. Tasks relating to the collection of data / materials, data analysis, data presentation, and report project implementation. Assessment tasks can be performed on the process during project implementation and results of the project were carried out. Instruments used in the assessment may use a check list or rating scale C. CONCLUSION Project-based learning focused on the concepts and principles of the core of a discipline of study, involving learners in the investigation of problem solving and activities of tasks means that other, allowing learners to work autonomously construct their own knowledge, and peaked produce real products. Project-based learning is a method of presenting the learning material given by the teacher to the learner in the form of a set of tasks that must be done learners, either individually or as a group in a certain time to produce a product. Use appropriate methods will determine the effectiveness and efficiency of learning and allow students conduct their own learning activities assigned.
- 3. Broadly speaking, learning steps that must be done is the Determination of the project, determining the steps completion of the project, preparation of project implementation schedule, completion of the project with the facilitation and monitoring of teachers, preparation of reports and presentation / publication of the results of the project and the evaluation process and results of the project. D. Advantages and weakness of the project based learning The advantage of Project-Based Learning is as follows: a. Increase motivation. Written reports on a project that many say that students like persevering until the deadline too, strive to achieve the project. Teachers also reported the development in attendance and reduced tardiness. Students reported that learning in the project is more fun than any other component of the curriculum. b. Improve problem-solving abilities. Research on the development of high-level cognitive skills of the students stressed the need for students to engage in problem-solving tasks and the need for specialized learning on how to find and solve problems. Many sources are describing the project-based learning environment to make students become more active and managed to solve complex problems. c. Improve collaboration. The importance of group work in the project requires students to develop and practice communication skills (Johnson & Johnson, 1989). Cooperative working group, student evaluation, online information exchange is a collaborative aspects of a project. Theories of new cognitive and constructivist asserts that learning is a social phenomenon, and that students will learn more in a collaborative environment (Vygotsky, 1978; Davidov, 1995). d. Improving the skills to manage resources. Part of being an independent student is responsible for completing a complex task. Berbais Learning Project implemented properly give to the students learning and practice in organizing the project, and make the allocation of time and other resources such as equipment to complete the task. e. Increased resource - management skills Project-based learning that is implemented either give more to the students learning and practice in organizing the project and make the allocation of time and other resources are like equipment to complete the task. The weakness of this study are: a. Most of the problems of the "real world" that is integral with disciplinary problems, it is advisable to teach through training and facilitate learners in dealing with problems. b. Requires a lot of time to be done to resolve the issue.
- 4. c. Entail considerable costs d. A lot of equipment to be provided To overcome the drawbacks of project-based learning a learner can be overcome by facilitating learners in dealing with problems, limit the time learners in completing the project, meminimaliskan and providing simple tools that are in the environment around, choosing study sites that affordable does not require a lot of cost and time