Psy 326 Effective Communication / snaptutorial.com

PSY 326 Entire Course (2 Set)
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This Tutorial contains 2 Set of Papers for each Assignment, Quiz
(DQs – 1 Set)
PSY 326 Week 1 Assignment Research Article Identification (2
Papers)
PSY 326 Week 1 DQ 1 Ethics in Research
PSY 326 Week 1 Quiz (2 Set -- 100% Score)
PSY 326 Week 2 Assignment Annotated Bibliography of Research
Methods (2 Papers)
PSY 326 Week 2 DQ 1 Research Design
PSY 326 Week 2 DQ 2 Hypothesis Testing
PSY 326 Week 3 Assignment Critique of a Research Study (2 Papers)
PSY 326 Week 3 DQ 1 Descriptive Research
PSY 326 Week 4 DQ 1 Survey Research
PSY 326 Week 4 DQ 2 Data Analysis

PSY 326 Week 5 DQ 1 Experimental Versus Quasi-Experimental
Designs
PSY 326 Week 5 Final Paper Research Proposal (2 Papers)
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PSY 326 Week 1 Assignment Research Article
Identification (2 Papers)
This Tutorial contains 2 Papers
Research Article Identification. Read each of the abstracts for the
articles listed below and then select oneof them to be the full article
that you will use for all the written assignments in this course. The
abstracts and full-text versions of the articles can be accessed
through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library:
· Baldwin, V. N., Powell, T., & Lorenc, L. (2011). Factors influencing
the uptake of memory compensations: A qualitative analysis.
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21(4), 484-501.

· Goodman, S. H., Dimidjian, S., & Williams, K. G. (2013). Pregnant
African American women’s attitudes toward perinatal depression
prevention. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,
19(1), 50-57.
· Hetrick, S. E., Simmons, M., Thompson, A., Parker, A. G.
(2011). What are specialist mental health clinician attitudes to
guideline recommendations for the treatment of depression in young
people?Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 993-
1001.
· Ivandić Zimić, J., & Jukić, V. (2012). Familial risk factors favoring
drug addiction onset. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 44(2), 173-185.
· Kaewprom, C., Curtis, J., & Deane, F. P. (2011). Factors involved
in recovery from schizophrenia: A qualitative study of Thai mental
health nurses. Nursing & Health Sciences, 13, 323-327.
· Kirtadze, I., Otiashvili, D., O’Grady, K. E., Zule, W., Krupitsky, E.,
Wechsberg, W. M., & Jones, H. E. (2013). Twice stigmatized:
Provider’s perspectives on drug-using women in the Republic of
Georgia. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 45(1), 1-9.
· Moore, R. C., Viglione, D. J., Rosenfarb, I. S., Patterson, T. L., &
Mausbach, B. T. (2013). Rorschach measures of cognition relate to
everyday and social functioning in schizophrenia. Psychological
Assessment, 25(1), 253-263.
· Scullin, M. K. (2013). Sleep, memory, and aging: The link between
slow-wave sleep and episodic memory changes from younger to older
adults. Psychology and Aging, 28(1), 105-114.
Refer to the tutorial titled, “Finding an Article When You Have the
Citation”, which is available within the Ashford University Library
for questions on how to search for articles. It is located under the

“Getting Research Help” tab, in the top center of the navigation
heading on the library’s homepage, then select “Tutorials”.
After making your selection, read the “Methods” section within the
article. Write a two- to- three page paper (excluding title and
reference pages) that is formatted according to APA style as outlined
in the Ashford Writing Center, presenting the information listed
below. Your paper should begin with an introduction paragraph
(including a thesis statement) and end with a concluding paragraph
reaffirming the thesis and summarizing the major points made in the
body of the paper.
The body of your paper must contain the following criteria:
1. Identify the study by title and authors.
2. Determine what question(s) the authors are trying to answer by
doing this research.
3. Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative research
methods and terminology. Specify which approach is used in the
study.
4. Explain whether the study is qualitative or quantitative by citing
specific clues from the article, such as sample size, data collection
techniques, the nature of the data collected, or the data analysis
techniques used.
5. Associate the chosen study with a specific research area of
psychology based on the information on research area in Chapter 1
of your course textbook. Explain your reasoning.
6. Summarize ethical issues which were addressed in the article and
analyze the ethical principles applied. Can you discern additional
ethical issues that apply but were not mentioned?
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PSY 326 Week 1 Assignment Research Article
Identification (Social identity reduces
depression by fostering positive attributions)
Research Article Identification. Read each of the abstracts for the
articles listed below and then select oneof them to be the full article
that you will use for all the written assignments in this course. The
abstracts and full-text versions of the articles can be accessed
through the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library:
· Baldwin, V. N., Powell, T., & Lorenc, L. (2011). Factors influencing
the uptake of memory compensations: A qualitative analysis.
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21(4), 484-501.
· Goodman, S. H., Dimidjian, S., & Williams, K. G. (2013). Pregnant
African American women’s attitudes toward perinatal depression
prevention. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,
19(1), 50-57.
· Hetrick, S. E., Simmons, M., Thompson, A., Parker, A. G.
(2011). What are specialist mental health clinician attitudes to
guideline recommendations for the treatment of depression in young
people?Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 993-
1001.

· Ivandić Zimić, J., & Jukić, V. (2012). Familial risk factors favoring
drug addiction onset. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 44(2), 173-185.
· Kaewprom, C., Curtis, J., & Deane, F. P. (2011). Factors involved
in recovery from schizophrenia: A qualitative study of Thai mental
health nurses. Nursing & Health Sciences, 13, 323-327.
· Kirtadze, I., Otiashvili, D., O’Grady, K. E., Zule, W., Krupitsky, E.,
Wechsberg, W. M., & Jones, H. E. (2013). Twice stigmatized:
Provider’s perspectives on drug-using women in the Republic of
Georgia. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 45(1), 1-9.
· Moore, R. C., Viglione, D. J., Rosenfarb, I. S., Patterson, T. L., &
Mausbach, B. T. (2013). Rorschach measures of cognition relate to
everyday and social functioning in schizophrenia. Psychological
Assessment, 25(1), 253-263.
· Scullin, M. K. (2013). Sleep, memory, and aging: The link between
slow-wave sleep and episodic memory changes from younger to older
adults. Psychology and Aging, 28(1), 105-114.
Refer to the tutorial titled, “Finding an Article When You Have the
Citation”, which is available within the Ashford University Library
for questions on how to search for articles. It is located under the
“Getting Research Help” tab, in the top center of the navigation
heading on the library’s homepage, then select “Tutorials”.
After making your selection, read the “Methods” section within the
article. Write a two- to- three page paper (excluding title and
reference pages) that is formatted according to APA style as outlined
in the Ashford Writing Center, presenting the information listed
below. Your paper should begin with an introduction paragraph
(including a thesis statement) and end with a concluding paragraph
reaffirming the thesis and summarizing the major points made in the
body of the paper.
The body of your paper must contain the following criteria:

1. Identify the study by title and authors.
2. Determine what question(s) the authors are trying to answer by
doing this research.
3. Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative research
methods and terminology. Specify which approach is used in the
study.
4. Explain whether the study is qualitative or quantitative by citing
techniques used.
5. Associate the chosen study with a specific research area of
psychology based on the information on research area in Chapter 1
of your course textbook. Explain your reasoning.
6. Summarize ethical issues which were addressed in the article and
analyze the ethical principles applied. Can you discern additional
ethical issues that apply but were not mentioned?
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PSY 326 Week 1 DQ 1 Ethics in Research
Ethics in Research. After reading Chapter 1 in your text, the APA
ethical principles articles Ethical Principles of Psychologists and

Code of Conduct (paying particular attention to Standard 8) and
Guidelines for Ethical Conduct in the Care and use of Nonhuman
Animals in Research , as well as viewing the video Obedience and
Ethics: Benefits and Costs of Psychological Conformity Studies,
analyze and critique the
principles introduced and applied in the various sources. Summarize
what you feel are the ethical pros and cons of Milgram’s research.
Include in your post definitions and a discussion of terms such as,
informed consent, confidentiality, deception, debriefing, and
institutional review board. Find an additional example of a completed
research study that has raised ethical concerns. Evaluate the ethical
pros and cons of that study and explain your reasoning for each
aspect.
Your initial post should be 250-300 words. Utilize a minimum of two
peer-reviewed sources that were published within the last 10 years
and are documented in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing
Center.
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This Tutorial contains 2 Set of Quiz
Set 1

Question 1. Barbara is a research psychologist examining how our
interactions with friends and family change over our lifespan. For
example, she wants to understand how peer interactions change from
childhood to adolescence. What area of psychological research best
describes Barbara’s work?
Question 2. Diane is conducting a research study in which she is
examining the best practices for understanding, treating, and
preventing depression in college students. In which of the following
areas of research is Diane working?
Question 3. Dr. Jones is a research psychologist conducting studies
on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. His focus is on developing
interview techniques for police departments to use that will increase
correct identification of suspects and minimize accusations against
the innocent. Which of the following best describes the type of
research Dr. Jones is performing?
Question 4. Textbooks, academic books, and theoretical review
articles are all examples of ___________:
Question 5. Which of the following research areas of psychology is
used to study the connection between human behaviors, thoughts and
feelings with processes occurring in the body, such as genetic
influences, hormones, and other systems?
Question 6. Sue is finalizing the design of her thesis project on the
effects of exercise on depression in older adults. She has decided to

use the score on the 10 item depression scale to specify whether her
participants are depressed and the score from a 30 item fitness scale
to assess fitness levels. Which stage of the research process has she
just completed?
Question 7. ______________ is an approach to decision-making
primarily involving the use and reliance on logical arguments.
Question 8. Which of the following is tasked with reviewing and
monitoring all research involving nonhuman animals in order to
protect the welfare of research subjects?
Question 9. Steve has observed that he has more difficulty parallel
parking his car when there are people watching. He then sits outside
a café and notices the number of attempts to park and total time to
successfully parallel park in nearby parking spaces and the number
of people near the parking space. He observes that others also seem
to have more trouble parking with people watching as well. He
therefore develops a general hypothesis that parking ability is related
to being observed. What process has Steve used in developing his
hypothesis?
Question 10. Which section of a research article presents the
previous research in the area, starting broadly and narrowing to the
specific area covered by the article, ultimately leading the reader to
the authors’ hypothesis?

Set 2
PSY 326 Week 1 Quiz (Set 2)
Question 1. ________________research is a descriptive approach
which is used to gain a deep understanding of particular cases and
contexts.
Question 2. ______________ is the federal policy establishing
Institutional Review Boards and prior review of all research at
federally funded institutions.
Question 3. Textbooks, academic books, and theoretical review
articles are all examples of ___________:
Question 4. Which section of a research article explains how a
hypothesis was translated into a specific set of measurable variables?

Question 5. Steve has observed that he has more difficulty parallel
parking his car when there are people watching. He then sits outside
a café and notices the number of attempts to park and total time to
successfully parallel park in nearby parking spaces and the number
of people near the parking space. He observes that others also seem
to have more trouble parking with people watching as well. He
therefore develops a general hypothesis that parking ability is related
to being observed. What process has Steve used in developing his
hypothesis?
Question 6. Barbara is a research psychologist examining how
our interactions with friends and family change over our lifespan.
For example, she wants to understand how peer interactions change
from childhood to adolescence. What area of psychological research
best describes Barbara’s work?
Question 7. Data which is collected without any identifying
information from participants is said to be ___________.
Question 8. A research study being conducted to test the effects of
administering nicotine to healthy volunteers, who have never smoked,
nor used any tobacco products, on their attention and memory would
most likely require which level of IRB review?

Question 9. A (n)____________ is a collection of ideas used to
explain the connections between variables and phenomena.
Question 10. Diane is conducting a research study in which she is
examining the best practices for understanding, treating, and
preventing depression in college students. In which of the following
areas of research is Diane working?
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PSY 326 Week 2 Assignment A Quantitative look
at Social Identity (Social identity reduces
Week 2 assignment
Using the databases and the Research Methods research guide in the
Ashford University Library, locate and read peer-reviewed articles
about the features of qualitative research and quantitative research.
Also read the full text of the study you selected in Week One.
Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative research methods
and terminology. Specify which approach is used in the study.
Explain whether the study is qualitative or quantitative by citing

techniques used. Using information in the instructor guidance and
Chapter 2 of the textbook, determine whether the research study you
selected is non-experimental or experimental. Explain your
reasoning.
Your paper must be a minimum of four pages (excluding title page)
and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford
Writing Center. All sources must be documented in APA style, as
outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. For more information about
APA style, please see the Ashford Writing Center.
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PSY 326 Week 2 Assignment Annotated
Bibliography of Research Methods (2 Papers)
Annotated Bibliography of Research Methods. Using the Ashford
University Library databases, locate and read peer-reviewed articles
on a variety of research designs and methods. Be sure to include at
least one article regarding the method used in the study you selected
in Week One. Create an annotated bibliography in which you select,
summarize, and evaluate at least six of these peer-reviewed sources.
The sources chosen must have been published within the last 10

years. Note that the articles required for this assignment are not
research studies; instead, they are articles about how to do various
aspects of research.
At least three of the sources should be about qualitative research
methods, and at least three of the sources should focus on
quantitative research methods. Do not select any articles about both
qualitative and quantitative methods or about mixed methods. For
each source, identify the approach (qualitative or quantitative) and
the research design category (non-experimental or experimental).
Summarize each source in your own words, describing its purpose
and how the information would be useful to a researcher designing a
new study. Do not use quotations from references for this assignment.
Refer to the Tutorials section within the Ashford University Library
for help with searching for articles. To find these tutorials, click on
the “View Tutorials” button on the Library’s home page. There is
also a subject guide devoted to Research Methods. On the Library’s
home page, click on Subject Guides, then select “Psychology,” then
click on “Research Methods.” In searching for articles on topics in
psychology and other social sciences, it is strongly recommended that
you utilize the EBSCOhost, ProQuest, and SAGE Journals Online
databases. You may only select articles that are available in full-text
format. To do this, limit your search criteria by selecting the Full-
Text box in the search function of the database.
Your paper must be a minimum of four pages (excluding title page)
and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford
Writing Center. All sources must be documented in APA style, as
outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. For more information about
annotated bibliographies and APA style, please see the Ashford
Writing Center.
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PSY 326 Week 2 DQ 1 Research Design

Research Design. Consider the following scenario: You have been
approached by a pharmaceutical company that has developed a new
drug that is supposed to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Before mass producing the drug they want to be sure that it is more
effective than the drug they are currently producing. They have
offered you an opportunity to pitch your design of a research study to
determine the effectiveness of the new drug compared with the old
one. The company will hire the person with the most effective
research design.
In your posting/pitch include the following:
· Compare and contrast the characteristics of non-experimental
(descriptive and correlational) and experimental research designs.
· Specify whether the aim of the implied research question is to
describe, predict, or explain.
· Choose a research design to evaluate the relative effectiveness of the
two drugs.
· Provide a brief overview of the study you would design.
Your initial post should be 350 to 400 words. Utilize a minimum of
two peer-reviewed sources that were published within the last 10
years and are documented in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford
Writing Center.
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PSY 326 Week 2 DQ 2 Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis Testing. Based on the study you designed in the Research
Design discussion, apply the scientific method by specifying the five
steps of hypothesis testing for your study.
· Step 1: State the hypothesis.
· Step 2: Collect the data – For the purpose of this discussion, you
will state how you would collect the data.
· Step 3: Calculate statistics – For the purpose of this discussion, you
will indicate the statistical analysis technique(s) you would use.
· Step 4: Compare to a critical value – For the purpose of this
discussion, you will indicate where you would set the alpha value and
why. Note: This step is hypothetical, as you are not actually
conducting a statistical analysis. Consequently, you will choose if the
results of your hypothetical analysis are above or below the critical
value.
· Step 5: Make a decision – For the purpose of this discussion, you
will create a conclusion based on the hypothetical results from Step 4.
Be sure to include a recommendation on the effectiveness of the new
drug based on the results.
Utilize a minimum of two peer-reviewed sources that were published
within the last 10 years and are documented in APA style, as outlined
in the Ashford Writing Center.

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Set 1
Question 1. A psychology instructor wants to examine the consistency
of his exam questions for his psychology course. He uses a computer
program to compute the average correlation between each pair of
items to compute Cronbach’s alpha, a measure of
____________________.
Question 2. Dr. Simon is trying to determine how taking an exam
causes an increase in subsequent memory for material covered on the
exam. What research design should she use?
Question 3. ______________________ is a framework for organizing
and discussing research designs in terms of the amount of control the
research has over the design.

Question 4. An investigator is testing a new assessment of anxiety. To
examine the efficacy of this new measure, he gives the assessment
twice to a group of participants at the beginning of the fall and spring
semesters. He is testing for _______________ .
Question 5. Grip strength is a common physical fitness assessment
tool which is highly reliable; however, research has demonstrated
that it has little relationship with actual fitness levels. Which of the
following best describes the use of grip strength as a measure of
physical fitness?
Question 6. A researcher is testing out a new personality assessment
to determine a participant’s personality type. He shows that scores
from his new measure are unrelated to measures of mood and
cognitive ability. He demonstrated that his new assessment has
___________________.
Question 7. Event-related potentials (ERP) is a commonly used
_______________________ in which electrodes are placed on the
scalp of a participant to measure the electrical activity of the brain
during psychological studies.
Question 8. In null hypothesis significance testing, power refers
to__________.
Question 9. Studies have shown there is a relationship between the
economic prosperity of a nation and the health of newborn infants.
One study found that there was a negative correlation between wealth

(as measured by gross domestic product or GDP) and infant
mortality. Which of the following best describes this relationship?
Question 10. In null hypothesis significance testing, we have made a
Type II error when___________.
Set 2
Question 1. ______________ is the statistic representing
the probability that our results are due to random chance.
Question 2. Dr. Jones is conducting a study with 50 participants.
She created a spreadsheet in which she sorted participants in order of
birth, so the oldest participant was first in the list and the youngest
participant was last. Next, she coded an AGE variable for each
person according to the order they were born (so the oldest is 1 and

the youngest is 50). What type of measurement scale has Dr. Jones
used to code her variable of AGE?
Question 3. ________________ is an assessment of validity based
on the association between our measures and relevant behavioral
outcomes.
Question 4. Rhonda conducted a study in which she has tested the
effectiveness of the drug DHEA on improving episodic memory in
older adults. She tested her subjects on two different occasions; in
one session her subject received a placebo, and second they received
50 mg of DHEA. At each test session the subjects completed a
recognition memory task to measure episodic memory performance.
What is Rhonda’s dependent variable?
Question 5. A graduate student at Big State University has begun
data collection for a thesis project in which she is asking students
about their use of social networking websites. Her primary interest is
in determining how often students use these sites, in what ways, and if
there are differences across majors. What type of research design is
this student using?
Question 6. Dr. Simon is trying to determine how taking an
exam causes an increase in subsequent memory for material covered
on the exam. What research design should she use?
Question 7. ______________________ is a framework for
organizing and discussing research designs in terms of the amount of
control the research has over the design.

Question 8. In null hypothesis significance testing, power refers
to__________.
Question 9. In null hypothesis significance testing, we have made
a Type I error when__________.
Question 10. A psychology instructor wants to examine the
consistency of his exam questions for his psychology course. He uses
a computer program to compute the average correlation between
each pair of items to compute Cronbach’s alpha, a measure of
____________________.
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PSY 326 Week 3 Assignment Critique of a
Research Study (2 Papers)

Critique of a Research Study. Read the full texts of the study you
selected in Week One and the sources you included in your Week Two
bibliography. Evaluate the usefulness of each source and write a
critique of the study from Week One, using the textbook and relevant
articles from the Week Two assignment to support your analysis of
the study. Use the following section headings and content in your
paper.
5. Introduction
· State the purpose of the paper. Clearly identify the study being
critiqued, by title and authors. Summarize the research question,
hypothesis (if a quantitative study), and background information on
the topic from the study’s literature review. Did the authors present a
well-balanced summary of current knowledge about the topic? Is
there any apparent bias in the literature review?
II. Methods
· Differentiate the research design (experimental or non-
experimental) and approach (qualitative or quantitative), sampling
method, and data collection methods. Indicate the sample size,
variables and measures (if a quantitative study), statistical tests (if a
quantitative study), coding and
analysis procedures (if a qualitative study), and any assumptions
made by the researchers. Were the procedures chosen appropriate for
the study? What alternative methods would you suggest?
III. Ethical Aspects
· Analyze ethical issues pertaining to this study. Did the researchers
explicitly address ethical issues in the article? If not, was there

evidence in the report that the participants’ safety and confidentiality
were protected? Was an approval process by an Institutional Review
Board or similar ethics review committee mentioned? Were any of the
practices ethically questionable (deception, coercion, etc.)?
IV. Results
· Present a summary of the results of the analysis performed in the
study. Did the authors keep their interpretations and conclusions
separate from the analysis results (evidence)?
V. Discussion and Conclusion
· Analyze and critique the conclusions drawn by the researchers. Do
the conclusions follow logically from the results of the analysis?
Evaluate the overall efficacy of the research study by identifying the
strengths and weaknesses of aspects of its design and implementation.
Identify the limitations noted by the researchers and add any
limitations you see that were not mentioned in the article. Describe
the directions for future research proposed by the authors and
evaluate their appropriateness. Recommend at least one idea for a
future study that will overcome some of the limitations of this study.
Keep in mind that this suggested future study will serve as the basis
for your Final Paper.
Your paper should be four to six pages in length (excluding title and
reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in
the Ashford Writing Center. Utilize a minimum of five peer-reviewed
sources that were published within the last 10 years and are
documented in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
These sources should include the article being critiqued and three of
the sources from your Week Two assignment, as well as the course
textbook. If at least three of the articles from the Week Two
assignment are not useful in evaluating the study being critiqued or
for suggesting alternative methods for studying the topic, search the
Ashford Library for other suitable peer-reviewed sources.

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PSY 326 Week 3 Assignment Critique of a
Research Study (Social identity reduces
Week 3 assignment
Reread the full text of the study you selected in Week One. Evaluate
the study and write a critique, using the textbook and relevant journal
articles to support your analysis of the study. Use the following
section headings and content in your paper.
Introduction
State the purpose of the paper. Clearly identify the study being
critiqued, by title and authors. Summarize the research question,
hypothesis (if a quantitative study), and background information on
the topic from the study’s literature review. Did the authors present a
well-balanced summary of current knowledge about the topic? Is
there any apparent bias in the literature review?
Methods
Differentiate the research design (experimental or non-experimental)
and approach (qualitative or quantitative), sampling method, and
data collection methods. Indicate the sample size, variables and
measures (if a quantitative study), statistical tests (if a quantitative

study), coding and analysis procedures (if a qualitative study), and
any assumptions made by the researchers. Were the procedures
chosen appropriate for the study? What alternative methods would
you suggest?
Analyze ethical issues pertaining to this study. Did the researchers
explicitly address ethical issues in the article? If not, was there
evidence in the report that the participants’ safety and confidentiality
were protected? Was an approval process by an Institutional Review
Board or similar ethics review committee mentioned? Were any of the
practices ethically questionable (deception, coercion, etc.)?
Present a summary of the results of the analysis performed in the
study. Did the authors keep their interpretations and conclusions
separate from the analysis results (evidence)?
Analyze and critique the conclusions drawn by the researchers. Do
the conclusions follow logically from the results of the analysis?
Evaluate the overall efficacy of the research study by identifying the
strengths and weaknesses of aspects of its design and implementation.
Identify the limitations noted by the researchers and add any
limitations you see that were not mentioned in the article. Describe
the directions for future research proposed by the authors and
evaluate their appropriateness. Recommend at least one idea for a
future study that will overcome some of the limitations of this study.
Keep in mind that this suggested future study will serve as the basis
for your Final Paper.
Ethical Aspects
Results
Discussion and Conclusion
Your paper should be four to six pages in length (excluding title and
reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in
the Ashford Writing Center. Utilize a minimum of five sources that
were published within the last 10 years and are documented in APA
style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. These sources should

include the article being critiqued, at least three peer-reviewed
journal articles, and the course textbook. It is recommended that you
visit the Research Methods research guide in the Ashford University
Library for suggested articles, as well as searching for articles in the
Library’s databases.
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PSY 326 Week 3 DQ 1 Descriptive Research
Descriptive Research. Evaluate and briefly discuss the three
descriptive designs presented in Chapter 3 (case studies, archival
research, and observational research). Be sure to discuss the
strengths and weaknesses associated with each approach. Which of
these three approaches do you think is the best descriptive design and
why? Finally, recommend research questions or topics for which
each of these designs would be effective in investigating.
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PSY 326 Week 4 Annotated Bibliography
(Social identity reduces depression by fostering
positive attributions)

Week 4
Annotated Bibliography
Read the instructions for the final paper to determine the kinds of
articles you will need to use as references. Also read the Example
Research Proposal provided in the course materials to help you
visualize your final paper. Search the Ashford University Library’s
databases and the Research Methods research guide to find
appropriate peer-reviewed sources for your proposal. Read the
selected articles and reread relevant sections of the textbook and the
full text of the study you have been working with throughout the
course. Using the Sample Annotated Bibliography information and
example from the Writing Center as a guide, create an annotated
bibliography of the sources you will use in your final research
proposal.
The references in the annotated bibliography must be listed in
alphabetical order, formatted in APA style, and published within the
past 10 years. All selected sources other than the textbook must be
available in full text in the Ashford University Library. After each
reference, insert two paragraphs. The first paragraph should
summarize the main points of the source, in your own words. Do not
use any quotations or verbatim wording from the source for this
assignment. In the second paragraph, explain how you will use the
source to support your research proposal.
For this assignment, a title page in APA format is required but it is
not necessary to include a separate reference page, because the
paper itself is the reference page with additional information

inserted. If you do include a separate page of references, be aware
that it will not be counted towards the required page count. Your
paper must be a minimum of four pages (excluding title page) and
formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing
Center.
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PSY 326 Week 4 DQ 1 Survey Research
Survey Research. For this discussion, choose a research area you
would like to learn more about. Design a study using one of the
survey approaches introduced in Chapter 4 of your course textbook.
Include the following in your post:
· Briefly describe the main points of your study.
· Apply aspects of the scientific method to your study by including the
type of sampling you will use in your research design and why you
chose the approach that you did to study this topic.
· Include two sample questions that will be a part of your study.
Explain why each of these would be good questions based on the
principles presented this week.
· Analyze the ethical principles which may affect your study. What are
the specific ethical concerns associated with your research question
or approach?

· Finally, suggest ways to improve the response rate or participation
levels in your study.
Writing Center.
*******************************************************************************
PSY 326 Week 4 DQ 2 Data Analysis
Data Analysis. Assume that you applied the method proposed in the
research study you designed for the first discussion activity this week
and now have the data. Which of the methods used for analyzing
survey data would you use and why? Be sure to explain why the
approach that you are proposing to use for data analysis is consistent
with the survey research method that you employed. In addition,
identify the measurement scale (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio)
of the data you obtained and differentiate the research terminology
used.
Writing Center.
*******************************************************************************

PSY 326 Week 4 Quiz (2 Set – 100% Score)
Set 1
Question 1. ________________ is a measure of dispersion that
represents the average difference between the mean and each
individual score which is calculated by taking the square root of the
variance.
Question 2. One of the key issues in observational research is
simplifying the process of observing behavior by taking
____________ or small snippets of the environment.
Question 3. An important principle in writing items for a survey
questionnaire is to avoid _______________ which are written in such
a way that they suggest an answer.

Question 4. Cory is putting together a presentation on her data and
wants to present the frequency of binge drinking by gender (males
and females) and student status (graduate vs. undergraduate). Which
of the following should she use?
Question 5. A(n) _______________ is a survey that involves a written
question-and-answer exchange between the researcher and the
participant.
Question 6. Which of the following measures represents the number
in the middle of our dataset, with 50% of scores both above and
below it?
Question 7. Dr. Bassey is conducting a study of methamphetamine
users. The problem she faces is finding and recruiting participants for
her study. She is able to tap into a group of people in the community
who then recruit other users for her study. She asks each participant
to try to recruit other users they know. What type of sampling strategy
has Dr. Bassey used?
Question 8. If we are interested in describing the most typical case in
our dataset with a numeric descriptor, which of the following should
we use?
Question 9. Dr. Blue is conducting a research study examining the
effects of heat on aggression in urban environments. On days in
which the heat index exceeds 100 degrees he observes people
interacting on public transit and counts the number of aggressive acts
and compares his observations with days in which the high
temperature is between 70 and 80 degrees. What strategy best
describes Dr. Blue’s project?

Question 10. Rose is taking her weekly trip through her local mall
when a researcher stops to ask if she would be willing to answer a
brief survey. What type of sampling strategy has this researcher
used?
Set 2
Question 1. ________________ is a descriptive design that
provides a detailed, in-depth analysis of one person over a period of
time.
Question 2. Phineas Gage, an unfortunate railroad worker who
suffered a severe injury from an accident that severed connections
between his frontal lobes and other areas of the brain, resulting in
dramatic personality changes, is a famous and classic example of
a(n) ________________.

Question 3. In order for a sample to be representative, it needs to
be ______________________ to/ as the population you are
interested in studying.
Question 4. Roberto is a graduate student interested in
understanding in-group/out-group interactions among gay males, so
he joins a gay men’s rugby team to record information about how
people within the group and outside the group are treated. Which of
the following best describes Roberto’s research?
Question 5. Although observational designs are well suited to a
wide range of research questions, one critical issue is that the
questions must be addressed through ___________________ events
and behaviors.
Question 6. An important principle in writing items for a survey
questionnaire is to avoid _______________ which are written in such
a way that they suggest an answer.
Question 7. Dr. Black is discussing the results from the mid-term
exam he recently gave with his class and indicates the lowest score
was a 58 and the highest score was a 98 making the ______________
for the mid-term 40.

Question 8. If we are interested in describing the most typical case
in our dataset with a numeric descriptor, which of the following
should we use?
Question 9. ________________ refers to the degree to which
characteristics of the sample differ from the characteristics of the
population.
Question 10. Dr. Goody is conducting a research study of Old
Southern University students in which he has selected participants at
random from a registrar’s list of all students at Old Southern
University. The registrar’s list refers to what aspect of Dr. Goody’s
study?
*******************************************************************************
PSY 326 Week 5 DQ 1 Experimental Versus
Quasi-Experimental Designs

Experimental Versus Quasi-Experimental Designs. After reading
Chapter 5 in the course text compare and contrast the similarities
and differences between experimental and quasi-experimental
designs. Describe the different ways in which an independent variable
can be manipulated. Demonstrate application of the scientific method
and ethical principles by explaining what dictates the selection of
design (experimental versus quasi-experimental) and the type of
manipulation used in a research study. Finally, give an example of a
situation that could be studied with an experiment or quasi-
experiment and assess the appropriateness of one design over the
other in light of practical and ethical concerns.
Writing Center.
*******************************************************************************
PSY 326 Week 5 Final Paper (Social identity
reduces depression by fostering positive
attributions)
Week 5

Review the Example Research Proposal provided in the course
materials. Design a research study on the topic of the study selected
in Week One and critiqued in Week Three. Your design should seek to
resolve the limitations you identified in the study you critiqued. Your
paper must address all of the components required in the “Methods”
section of a research proposal:
• State the research question and/or hypothesis.
• Specify the approach (qualitative or quantitative), research design,
sampling strategy, data collection procedures, and data analysis
techniques to be used.
• If the design is quantitative, also describe the variables, measures,
and statistical tests you would use.
• Analyze ethical issues that may arise and explain how you would
handle these issues.
Your Final Paper must be six to eight pages in length (excluding title
and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as
outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Utilize a minimum of six peer-
reviewed sources that were published within the last 10 years, in
addition to the textbook, that are documented in APA style as outlined
in the Ashford Writing Center. The sources should consist of the
following:
• One source should be the article you critiqued in the Week Three
assignment.
• At least two sources should be about the research methodology you
have chosen for your study.
• At least one source should be on ethical issues in research.
• The remaining sources may be about anything pertinent to your
study.
In accordance with APA style, all references listed must be cited in
the body of the paper.

Required Sections and Subsections (use these headings in your paper)
I. Introduction – Introduce the research topic, explain why it is
important, and present your research question and/or hypothesis.
II. Literature Review – Summarize the current state of knowledge on
your topic, making reference to the findings of previous research
studies (including the one you critiqued in Week Three). Briefly
analyze and critique these studies and mention the research methods
that have previously been used to study the topic. State whether your
proposed study is a replication of a previous study or a new approach
using methods that have not been used before. Be sure to properly
cite all of your sources in APA style.
III. Methods
A. Design – Indicate whether your proposed study is qualitative or
quantitative in approach. Identify the specific research design, using
one of the designs we have studied in Weeks Three through Five, and
indicate whether it is experimental or non-experimental. Evaluate
your chosen design and explain why you believe this design is
appropriate for the topic and how it will provide the information you
need to answer the research question. Cite sources on research
methodology to support your choices.
B. Participants – Identify and describe the sampling strategy you
would use to recruit participants for your study. Estimate the number
of participants you would need and explain why your sampling
method is appropriate for your research design and approach.
C. Procedure/Measures – Apply the scientific method by describing
the steps you would use in carrying out your study. Indicate whether
you will use any kind of test, questionnaire, or measurement
instrument. If using an existing published instrument, provide a brief
description and cite your source. If you are creating a questionnaire,
survey, or test, describe the types of information you will gather and
explain how you would establish the validity and reliability. If you are

not using such an instrument, describe how you would collect the
data.
D. Data Analysis – Describe the statistical techniques (if quantitative)
or the analysis procedure (if qualitative) you plan to use to analyze
the data. Cite at least one source on the chosen analysis technique
(from your Week Two assignment).
E. Ethical Issues – Analyze the impact of ethical concerns on your
proposed study, such as confidentiality, deception, informed consent,
potential harm to participants, conflict of interest, IRB approval, etc.
After analyzing the ethical issues that apply to your research
proposal, indicate what you would do to handle these concerns.
IV. Conclusion – Briefly summarize the major points from your paper
and reiterate why your proposed study is needed.
Writing the Final Paper
The Final Paper:
• Must be six to eight double-spaced pages in length, and formatted
according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
• Must include a title page with the following:
• Title of paper
• Student’s name
• Course name and number
• Instructor’s name
• Date submitted
• Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct
thesis statement.
• Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.

• Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
• Must use at least six peer-reviewed sources that were published
within the last 10 years, in addition to the textbook.
• Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford
Writing Center.
• Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to
APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
*******************************************************************************
PSY 326 Week 5 Final Paper Research
Proposal (2 Papers)
Focus of the Final Paper: Research Proposal
Design a research study on the topic of the study selected in Week
One and critiqued in Week Three. Your design should seek to resolve
the limitations you identified in the study you critiqued. Your paper
must address all of the components required in the “Methods”
section of a research proposal:

· · State the research question and/or hypothesis.
· · Specify the approach (qualitative or quantitative), research
design, sampling strategy, data collection procedures, and data
analysis techniques to be used.
· · If the design is quantitative, also describe the variables,
measures, and statistical tests you would use.
· · Analyze ethical issues that may arise and explain how you
would handle these issues.
Your Final Paper must be eight to ten pages in length (excluding title
and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as
outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Utilize a minimum of six peer-
reviewed sources that were published within the last 10 years, in
addition to the textbook, that are documented in APA style as outlined
in the Ashford Writing Center. The sources should consist of the
following:
· · One source should be the article you critiqued in the Week
Three assignment.
· · At least two sources should be about the research
methodology you have chosen for your study.
· · At least one source should be on ethical issues in research.
· · The remaining sources may be about anything pertinent to
your study.
In accordance with APA style, all references listed must be cited in
the body of the paper.
Required Sections and Subsections (use these headings in your paper)
5. Introduction – Introduce the research topic, explain why it is
important, and present your research question and/or hypothesis.

II. Literature Review – Summarize the current state of knowledge on
your topic, making reference to the findings of previous research
studies (including the one you critiqued in Week Three). Briefly
analyze and critique these studies and mention the research methods
that have previously been used to study the topic. State whether your
proposed study is a replication of a previous study or a new approach
using methods that have not been used before. Be sure to properly
cite all of your sources in APA style.
III. Methods
A. Design – Indicate whether your proposed study is qualitative or
quantitative in approach. Identify the specific research design, using
one of the designs we have studied in Weeks Three through Five, and
indicate whether it is experimental or non-experimental. Evaluate
your chosen design and explain why you believe this design is
appropriate for the topic and how it will provide the information you
need to answer the research question. Cite sources on research
methodology to support your choices.
B. Participants – Identify and describe the sampling strategy you
would use to recruit participants for your study. Estimate the number
of participants you would need and explain why your sampling
method is appropriate for your research design and approach.
C. Procedure/Measures – Apply the scientific method by describing
the steps you would use in carrying out your study. Indicate whether
you will use any kind of test, questionnaire, or measurement
instrument. If using an existing published instrument, provide a brief
description and cite your source. If you are creating a questionnaire,
survey, or test, describe the types of information you will gather and
explain how you would establish the validity and reliability. If you are
not using such an instrument, describe how you would collect the
data.

D. Data Analysis – Describe the statistical techniques (if quantitative)
or the analysis procedure (if qualitative) you plan to use to analyze
the data. Cite at least one source on the chosen analysis technique
(from your Week Two assignment).
E. Ethical Issues – Analyze the impact of ethical concerns on your
proposed study, such as confidentiality, deception, informed consent,
potential harm to participants, conflict of interest, IRB approval, etc.
After analyzing the ethical issues that apply to your research
proposal, indicate what you would do to handle these concerns.
IV. Conclusion – Briefly summarize the major points from your paper
and reiterate why your proposed study is needed.
*******************************************************************************
PSY 326 Week 5 Quiz (2 Set – 100% Score)
Set 1

1. Question : ______________ assesses the degree to which
our results can be attributed to our independent variables.
Question 2. Dr. Poe is conducting an experiment in which he is
examining the effect of taking tests on later memory for studied
material. He has his participants study two standardized test
passages. For one of the passages, participants are given a second
opportunity to study the passage, followed by a recall test. For the
other passage, they are given a multiple choice test followed by a
recall test. He finds that performance in the recall test is better for
the passage for which participants were tested than the passage that
was studied twice. Which of the following best describes Dr. Poe’s
study?
Question 3. Dr. Washington is conducting an experiment in which
he is interested in the effects of the drug alprazolam on episodic
memory in adult participants. He conducts an experiment in which
he gives one group a pill containing 1 mg of the drug and a second
group a placebo pill. One hour following drug administration he has
the participants study 50 words, one a time, and then asks them to
recall as many of the words as possible. What is Dr. Washington’s
independent variable?
Question 4. __________________ are mean comparisons that
involve comparing only the means for which differences were
predicted by the hypothesis.

Question 5. ___________________ is the occurrence of a change
in behavior resulting from the mere expectation that change will
occur.
Question 6. ____________________ is a criterion for judging
external validity which indicates the research replicates the
psychological conditions of the real world.
Question 7. Dr. Grey is conducting a research study in which she
has assigned her participants to conditions prior to the experiment.
She has flipped a coin to determine if each participant is in condition
A or B until she has an equivalent number of participants in each
condition. What procedure has this investigator used?
Question 8. Dr. Jefferson is conducting an experiment in which
she is interested in the effects of caffeine on visuospatial ability in
adult participants. She conducts an experiment in which she gives
one group a pill containing 20mg of caffeine and a second group a
placebo pill. One hour following pill administration she has the
participants complete a mental rotation task. What is Dr. Jefferson’s
dependent variable?
Question 9. The threat to validity known as reactive arrangements
is a problem for __________.

Question 10. A(n) _____________ is the effect of each independent
variable on the dependent variable, collapsing across the levels of
other independent variables.
PSY 326 Week 5 Quiz
Question 1. Sheila is a graduate student interested in how the
presence of odors influences mood in adults. She measures the mood
of participants and then divides them into three groups: one is placed
in room with a pleasant odor, one group is placed in a room with no
odor (the air is purified with a filter), and the final group is placed in
room with a very unpleasant smell. Then, Sheila measures their mood
again. Which of the following best describes her study?
Question 2. ______________ assesses the degree to which our
results can be attributed to our independent variables.
Question 3. Dr. Grey is conducting a research study in which she
has assigned her participants to conditions prior to the experiment.

She has flipped a coin to determine if each participant is in condition
A or B until she has an equivalent number of participants in each
condition. What procedure has this investigator used?
Question 4. Robert is a graduate student interested in the effects of
exercise on attention. His hypothesis is that brief exercise will
improve attention performance in college aged adults. He tests half
of his participants following a 5 minute step test and the other half of
his participants following a five minute period of sitting quietly.
Which of the following best describes the exercise group?
Question 5. The threat to validity known as treatment diffusion is a
problem for __________.
Question 6. ____________are a type of order effect that occurs
when participants’ performance decreases over time due to repeated
testing.
Question 7. A researcher is conducting a research study in which
he is concerned about verbal ability differences across the conditions
of his experiment. As a result, the first participants complete a verbal
learning task that ranks based on their score on this task. The
researcher then randomly assigns participants to conditions, ensuring
that his groups are equivalent on this task in the end. What procedure
has this investigator used?

Question 8. Joan is recruiting participants for a research study in
which she has advertised for participants interested in losing 20lbs in
order to test if her new diet will be a successful tool for losing weight.
Unfortunately, her study suffers from ____________ because her
participants are probably motivated to lose weight and thus different
from the general population of overweight individuals.
Question 9. Dr. Perry is conducting an experiment in which he is
interested in the effects of the drug zolpidem on executive functioning
in adult participants. He conducts an experiment in which he gives
one group a pill containing 10 mg of the drug and a second group a
placebo pill. One hour following drug administration, he has them
complete the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Which of the following
best describes Dr. Perry’s experimental design?
Question 10. Dr. Madison is conducting an experiment in which he
is interested in the effects of the drug lorazepam on working memory
in adult participants. He conducts an experiment in which he gives
one group a pill containing 5mg of the drug and a second group a
placebo pill. One hour following drug administration, he has the
participants complete the Operations Span Task. The “placebo
group” is best characterized as:
*******************************************************************************

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