Quiroz - techniques for measuring soil C
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The document discusses emerging techniques for measuring soil carbon, emphasizing the importance of accurate field measurements and modeling inputs for better soil carbon assessments. It highlights specific methods such as laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for characterizing soil properties, along with examples from various regions. The conclusion underscores the need for further testing under different agro-ecological conditions to enhance these techniques and improve carbon stock assessments.
![Bench and portable LIF correlate well with
EPR findings
5.0
R=0.93; P<0.0001
4.5
LIF bench system: HLIF (a.u.)
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-1 17
EPR [(spins g C) x 10 ]
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR)
EMBRAPA Lab.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/quiroztechniquesformeasuringsoilc-110126172915-phpapp01/85/Quiroz-techniques-for-measuring-soil-C-9-320.jpg)
Quiroz - techniques for measuring soil C
- 1. Emerging techniques for soil carbon measurements D. Milori, A. Segnini, W. Da Silva, A. Posadas, V. Mares, R. Quiroz, & L. Martin-Neto & contributions from L. Claessens & K. Shepherd
- 2. OUTLINE •Emerging techniques for… •Quick overview of selected emerging techniques •Examples of field measurements •Data input for SC modeling •A “synthetic” scenario •Summary
- 3. Emerging SC measuring techniques for... •Geospatial baseline •Quantity and quality of SC stocks •Field-base measurements •Better input for models •Assessing tradeoffs
- 4. Mostly used SOM techniques in developing countries &/or
- 5. Examples of emerging techniques for SOC measurements 45 0-2.5 cm 2.5-5 cm 40 5-10 cm 10-20 cm LIF intensity (a.u.) / C (g kg ) -1 20-30 cm 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 λ (nm)
- 6. Infrared Spectroscopy for rapid soil characterization • Rapid, Low cost Parameter Total N R2 0.9 PCs 8 • Reproducible Total C Organic C 0.92 0.92 6 6 pH 0.89 10 • Predicts many soil functional properties Ca 0.95 9 Source: K. Shepherd (ICRAF) K 0.81 10
- 7. LIBS System Source: Da Silva et al., 2008
- 8. LIF Emission spectrum soil 3 calcinate and treated soil λexcitation = 458 nm Humification Degree: HLIF = LIF Area/total carbon Intensity (a.u.) 2 1 0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 λ (nm) Milori et al., SSSAJ, 2006.; González-Pérez et al., Geoderma, 2007
- 9. Bench and portable LIF correlate well with EPR findings 5.0 R=0.93; P<0.0001 4.5 LIF bench system: HLIF (a.u.) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -1 17 EPR [(spins g C) x 10 ] Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) EMBRAPA Lab.
- 10. SOM characterization with 13C-NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance EMBRAPA Lab
- 11. 9 0-2.5 cm 8 2.5-5 cm 5-10 cm 10-20 cm 7 20-30 cm spins (x 10 ) g C -1 6 17 5 4 3 2 A B Bofedales (wetlands) Source: Segnini et al., 2011
- 12. On-going analysis in Kenya Forest Tea Degraded Native veg. vegetation
- 13. Results from EMBU-Kenya CARBON STOCKS# (kg m-2) Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 sites Forest Tea Coffee + Coffee Native Rotation Native Rotation depth (cm) eucalyptus vegetation crops vegetation crops 0-2.5 1.8 ±0.1 0.6 ±0.0 0.6 ±0.0 0.5 ±0.0 0.3 ±0.0 0.7 ±0.1 1.0 ±0.0 0.5 ±0.1 2.5-5 1.3 ±0.1 0.3 ±0.0 0.6 ±0.1 0.5 ±0.0 0.2 ±0.0 0.7 ±0.1 0.8 ±0.0 0.5 ±0.1 5-10 2.4 ±0.1 1.2 ±0.1 1.3 ±0.3 1.0 ±00 0.5 ±0.0 1.3 ±0.1 1.4 ±0.0 0.9 ±0.1 10-20 4.1 ±0.6 2.1 ±0.0 2.1 ±0.1 1.8 ±0.2 0.8 ±0.1 2.1 ±0.4 2.8 ±0.1 2.0 ±0.3 20-30 3.1 ±0.3 2.1 ±0.0 1.9 ±0.1 1.8 ±0.2 0.8 ±0.2 1.7 ±0.2 1.8 ±0.1 1.3 ±0.1 Total (0-30) 12.7 ±1.2 6.3 ±0.1 6.4 ±0.5 5.6 ±0.4 2.6 ±0.4 6.5 ±0.9 7.8 ±0.3 5.1 ±0.6
- 14. LIF results:Kenya Humification degree or carbon stability (HLIF) of whole soils obtained through Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy. 90 80 70 60 LIF inde x (a.u.) 50 (x1000) 40 30 0 - 2.5 20 2.5 - 5 10 20 - 30 0 5 - 10 5 - 10 depth (cm ) forest (1) 10 - 20 tea (1) 0 - 2.5 coffee + eucalyptus (1) coffee (1) natural vegetation (2) rotation (2) natural vegetation (3) 20 - 30 rotation (3) Land us e # HLIF can be estimated through the ratio area under fluorescence emission (excitation range 350 - 480 nm) / total organic carbon content.
- 15. Modeling Carbon Dynamics in Soils: Weather data used to run the model: Rainfall: essential Air temperature: essential Temporal resolution of weather data: Monthly: essential Spatial resolution of weather data: Local scale: essential Extraction of soil and climate parameters from agro-ecological cells or polygons for model parameterization Source: FAO
- 16. Space-time scaling weather/climate data (ppm) HUANCANE 50 40 m.m. 30 20 10 0 1-Jan-99 20-Jul-99 5-Feb-00 23-Aug-00 11-Mar-01 27-Sep-01 15-Apr-02 1-Nov-02 Días
- 17. AfSIS ✓60 primary sentinel sites 9,600 sampling plots 19,200 “standard” soil samples ~ 38,000 soil spectra 3,000 infiltration tests ~ 1,000 Landsat scenes ~ 16 TB of remote sensing data to
- 18. Sampling-transect to assess carbon contents and stocks in Southern Peru. Source: Segnini et al., 2010
- 19. Selected characteristics of the sampling sites. sites Ilo Moquegua Torata Puno San Juan del Oro Agro eco Arid Coast Arid low Arid high Semi-Arid humid valley zones valley valley high plateau Altitude (m) 135 960 2,200 3,830 1,350 Cropping Maize, olive Maize, potato, Avocado, Potato, oat, Coffee, potato, system grape, orange, potato, maize, alfalfa, maize, coca, alfalfa, onion, alfalfa, cassava grasslands, citrus beans peat lands Precipitation 5 15 51 690-834 2133 (mm) T mean ( °C) 19°C 17°C 14°C 8 °C 20°C Soil class loam loam loam clay loam loam
- 20. Carbon stocks in diverse Andean soils
- 21. LIF results: Andes Humification degree or carbon stability (HLIF) of whole soils obtained through Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy. 40 35 30 25 LIF index (a.u.) 20 0 - 2.5 15 2.5 - 5 10 5 - 10 5 10 - 20 0 10 - 20 20 - 30 Maize Olive Alfalfa I depth (cm) Potato I Grape 0 - 2.5 Avocado Alfalfa II Coffee Forest Potato II Land use # HLIF can be estimated through the ratio area under fluorescence emission (excitation range 350 - 480 nm) / total organic carbon content.
- 22. Changes in potential potato (improved and native) in Peru: 2000-2050
- 23. As temperature and presence of pest increase in the Andes Potatoes are planted in higher grounds 1975: (4000-4150msnm) 2005: (4150-4300msnm) S. De Haan & H. Juarez, CIP (2008)
- 24. Peatlands and other land uses in the Andean high plateau
- 25. Potential loss of soil carbon stocks due to cropping peatlands and grasslands in Peru & Bolivia Peatlands to potato 350 300 Gigagrams (10x9) 250 200 150 100 50 0 2000 Scenarios 2050 Bolivia Peru Grasslands to potato 12000 10000 Gigagrams (10x9) 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2000 Scenarios 2050 Bolivia Peru
- 26. Summary •Emerging SC measuring techniques / tools & MRV •Further field testing under different agroecological conditions & creation of spectral libraries needed (C-contents & stability) •Better input for SC modeling •Better assessment of tradeoffs •Synergy with complementary tools e.g. remote sensing