Rate analysis in civil engineering

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Rate Analysis
Quantity Surveying, Estimation & Valuation
KC associates

Rate Analysis
Content
• Purpose of Rate Analysis
• Items of Rate Analysis
• Table for Rate Analysis
• Quantity of Coarse, Fine and Cement
• Estimation of Labour
• Task or out-turn work
• Labour output in 8 working hours
• Rate of Material and Labour

What is Rate Analysis
• The basis of arriving at correct or reasonable rate
per unit work, for a particular item following its
specification and detailed survey of materials,
labour, equipment etc. i.e. To reach Rate of
Concrete Per CUM, individual cost of followings
are considered:
a) Materials(cement, sand, agg, steel, admixture)
used for per cum concrete
b) Labour (mason, labor, carpenter) per cum concrete
c) Equipment (vibrator, pump, transit mixer, batching
plant cost) per cum concrete

Purpose of Rate Analysis
• To determine the current rate per unit of an item at
the locality
• To examine the viability of rates offered by
contractors.
• To calculate labor strength & equipment required for
Project Planning.
• To fix up labor contract rates.
Purpose
Current
Rate
Offered
Rate
Quantities
Contract
Rates

How to fix up rate per Unit of an item?
• Following subheads are estimated and based on
their summation, rate per unit of an item is
arrived:-
Rate Analysis Considerations
Quantity of
Materials and
Cost
Labour Cost
Equipment, Tools
& Plant Cost
Overhead or
Establishment
Charges
Profit

Rate Analysis
• Quantity of Materials and Cost:-
– As per detailed specification, quantity of an item is calculated.
Based on market rates, per unit rate is arrived.
– Following cost too is considered:-
• Freight & transportation, including loading & unloading
• Taxes & insurance
• Profit on Cement, steel stone chips and bitumen not included if
supplied departmentally.
• Labour Cost
– Number and wages of different categories of laborers, (skilled
& unskilled) namely mason or carpenter, mazdoor for per unit
of item to execute at site.
– These numbers are multiplied by market rate and labour cost
is arrived per UNIT of item.

• Equipment, Tools and Plant Cost
– Equipment for General use as per item
– Example concrete mixer as per unit of concrete
– Certain tools and plants are difficult to allocate as per the
specific item hence their cost are considered in
establishment charges
– For special equipment extra 1% to 1.5% (purchasing) of
estimated cost is provided.
• Overhead & Establishment Charges
– Office Rent, Depreciation on equipments
– Salaries of office staff, postage, lighting, travelling,
telephone account
– This is actually 2.5% up to 5%
– Overhead charges increases with delay in project.

• Overheads and Establishment Charges
– There are 2 types of Overheads
General Overheads (Recurring known
expenditures)
• Office Rent
• Salaries of office staff
• Stationary items, printing, postages,
repairs
• Telephone and electric Bills
• Travelling
Job Overheads (incur in construction)
• Salaries of technical or non-technical staff
• Temporary Sheds
• Go-Down rent
• Small tools, planks, ladders, ropes, hand tools for workmen
• Repairs & depreciation for tools and plant
• Lighting at site
• Mobilization of establishment
• Public Relations
• Labor Welfare & safety
• Workmen compensation, insurance
• Interest on investment
• Theft or loss

Profit
• Generally 10% profit is considered for ordinary
contracts, after allocating all charges of
equipments, establishments.
• For small jobs, profit is 15%
• For large projects Profit is 8%

Factoring Affecting the rate analysis
• Specification of the item
– Quality of Materials
– Proportion of materials
– Method of construction
– Protection of Work
• Rate of materials for item of work up to worksite
• Daily wages of labourer
– With different categories
– With localities
– As per outputs
• The range of lead and lift require for deposition of materials
• Percentage charge for overheads
• Possibility of theft of losses
• Range of profit
• Availability of water connection

Quantity of Coarse Aggregate, Sand and Cement
for various proportion
• Quantities shall be calculated for 10 cum of
concrete.
• Exact quantities of ingredients cannot be calculated
for 10 cum of concrete so there is a thumb rule
• To calculate dry ingredients for 10 cum of concrete.
Each proportional quantity for 10 cum of concrete is
multiplied with 15.4 up to 15.7
• This 15.4 factor is due to existence of voids.
• Example: Findout qty of cement, sand and stone
chips in 1:2:4
– Cement : 1/(1+2+4) x 15.4 = 2.2cum = 3168 kg = 64 bags
– Sand : 2/(1+2+4) x 15.4 = 4.4 cum = 7.25 tons
– Stone Chips : 8.8 cum = 18 tons

• Calculate quantities of Cement, sand and stone chips
for 10 cum concrete (variation of 5% is allowed)
Volumetric
Proportion
Cement Dry sand
Stone chips (20 -
6 mm)
cum bags cum cum
1:1:2 3.88 112.3 3.88 7.8
1:1.5:3 2.80 81.2 4.20 8.4
1:2:4 2.20 63.8 4.40 8.8
1:2.5:5 1.81 52.5 4.53 9.1
1:3:6 1.57 45.5 4.71 9.4
1:4:8 1.20 34.8 4.80 9.6
1:5:10 0.98 28.3 4.88 9.8
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
1:1:2 1:1.5:3 1:2:4 1:2.5:5 1:3:6 1:4:8 1:5:10
Quantities as per ratio
Cement Dry sand Stone chips (20 -6 mm)
Quantity of Coarse Aggregate, Sand and Cement
for various proportion

Material Estimation:
Continue….
Quantity of Materials required for different items of works
Name of work Per Unit Materials Quantity
Brickwork 10 cum 19x9x9 5000nos
Dry cement mortar 3.5cum
Half brick 100 sqm 19x9x9 5000nos
Random rubble masonry 10 cum stone 12.5cum
Ashlar masonry 10 cum stone 12.5cum
Brick soling 10 sqm 19x9x9 425nos
Brick on edge floor 10 sqm 19x9x9 500nos
dry cement mortar 3.5cum
20 mm DPC 100 sqm cement 27bags
sand 1.8cum
water proof 27kg
Reinforced Brick work 10 cum Bricks 4500nos
Precast terrazo tiles 100 sqm Tiles 110sqm
Cement 13bags
Pigment 46kgs
Lime Terracing on roof 100 sqm Lime 2.1cum
2:2:7 and 7.5 cm thick Surkhi 2.1cum
Brick ballast 7.5cum
Rani ganj tile roofing 10sqm Tiles 124nos
cement mortar 0.15cum

Material Estimation:Quantity of Materials required for different items of works
Name of work Per Unit Materials Quantity
CGI sheet roofing 10 sqm GI sheet 12.8sqm
AC sheet 10 sqm AC sheet 11.5sqm
Neat cement slurry or punning 100 sqm cement 5.5bags
1.5mm thick
12 mm thick plaster 100 sqm dry mix 1.92cum
Flush pointing plaster 100 sqm dry mix 0.7cum
White wash (single coat) 100 sqm stone lime 10kg
White wash (Double coat) 100 sqm stone lime 30kg
Distempering two coats 100 sqm Dry distemper
1st coat 12kg
2nd Coat 7.5kg
Primer coat on steel 100 sqm Primer 5.5litres
Primer coat on wood 100 sqm Primer 7.5litres
Painting (2 coats) 100 sqm Paint 12.5litres
Cement Paint with water proof 10 sqm Mixed cement paint 2litres
Spray painting 100 sqm Primer 8.1litres
Paint 11litres
Wax polishing on new wood 100 sqm Ready made wax polish 5kg
Floating coat of cement 1 Sqm Cement 2.2kg

Labour Estimation:
• Wages vary as per different classes of labour
• Length of time required to finish depends on:-
– Type of work
– Amount of work
– Types of skill required
– Mental development of work man
– Surrounding area
– Weather
– Labour availability (lack/excess)
– Local customs
– Local laws

Labour Estimation:
• Task or out-turn work
– Out-Turn work means the work which can not be
finished by using only designated skilled or unskilled
labour alone.
– Both or more types of labour shall be involved to
finish the tasks
– Example : A mason can complete 1.5 cum brick work
in 8 hrs (per day) provided he is helped by 2
mazdoors to carry and mix ingredients of mortar and
also to carry and place materials.

Labour Estimation:
Labour Output
Continue…
Sr. No Item Volume Strength of Gang
1 Cement Concrete in foundation 10 cum 1/4 head masons + 2 mason + 20 mazdoors
2 Concrete in foundation (machine mixed) 10 cum
1/4 head masons + 2 1/2 mason + 12 mazdoors + 2
Bhisti
3 Concrete in RCC work 10 cum 1/2 head masons + 3 mason + 18 mazdoors + 4 Bhisti
4 Brickwork in foundation + Plinth 10 cum 1/2 head masons + 8 masons + 14 mazdoors + 2 Bhisti
5 Brickwork in Ground floor 10 cum 1/2 head masons + 8 masons + 15 mazdoors + 2 Bhisti
6 Brickwork in First Floor 10 cum 1/2 head masons + 9 masons + 18 mazdoors + 2 Bhisti
8
Random Rubble Masonry in foundation +
Plinth 10 cum 1/2 head masons + 10 masons + 15 mazdoors
9 Coursed Rubble Masonry in Ground Floor 10 cum 1/2 head masons + 15 masons + 24 Mazdoors
11 12 mm plaster 100 sqm 1/2 head masons + 10 masons + 10 mazdoors
12 75 mm floor concrete 100 sqm 1/2 head masons + 10 masons + 20 mazdoors

Labour Estimation:
Labour Output
Sr.
No Items Volume Labour
13 Excavation (1.5m, 30m) in Ordinary Soil 10 cum Mazdoor (3+1/4)
14 Excavation (1.5m, 30m) in Hard rock 10 cum Mazdoor (7+3/4)
Note : For additional lead of 30 m, add 1/2 mazdoor
15 Filling in trenches, plinth, sides of foundation in layers no exceeding 200 mm in
depth 10 cum Mazdoor (2+1/3)
16 Supplying, fitting, fixing and removing shuttering and staging 10 sqm 3 Carpenter + 4 Mazdoor
Note : For shoring add 25% of total labour charge
17 Steel work 100 kg 1 Blacksmith + 1 Mazdoor
18 25 mm DPC concrete 100 sqm 1/2 Head Mason + 8 Mason +
8 Mazdoor + 1 Bhisti

Analysis of Rates for Earthwork:
1 Earthwork in excvation in trenches for foundations and for pipes, cables (not exceeding 1.5 m width)
(lift 1.5m, lead 30 m, ordinary soil)
For 10 cum
Particulars Qty Rate Amount
Mazdoor 3.25 450 1462.5
Water 1% 14.625
Profit and Over head 10% 147.71
Total 1624.83
Per cum 162.48
(lift 1.5m, lead 30 m, dense soil)
For 10 cum
Mazdoor 5 450 2250
Water 1% 22.5
Total 2499.75
Per cum 249.97

(lift 1.5m, lead 30 m, dense soil) With Shoring
For 10 cum
Mazdoor 5 450 2250
Shoring labour 25% 562.5
Water 1% 28.125
3124.688
Per cum Total 312.4688
4
Filling available excavated earth in trenches, plinth sides of foundations in layers ( 200 mm) consolidating layer
by layer and watering
(lift 1.5m, lead 50 m, dense soil)
For 10 cum
Mazdoor 2.33 450 1050
Water 1% 10.5
Total 1166.55
Per cum 116.65

5 Filling in plinth with local sand under floors including, ramming, consolidating and dressing complete
For 10 cum
Head mason 0.083333 600 50
Mazdoor 2.5 450 1125
Fine sand 10 400 4000
Water 1% 51.75
Total 5749.42
Per cum 574.94
6 One brick layer flat soling joints filled with local sand
For 10 sqm
Mason 0.8 600 480
Mazdoor 1.6 450 720
Bricks 1500 6.4 9600
Sand 0.373 400 149.2
Contigencies (lump sum) 0.50% 54.746
Water 1% 110.0395
Total 12225.38
Per sqm 1222.53

Analysis of Rates for Concrete work (No
steel inside)
7 Cement Concrete 1:4:8 with graded stone ballast 40 mm down in foundation
For 10 cum
Head mason 0.25 800 200
Mason 2 600 1200
Mazdoor 20 450 9000
Stone Ballast 9.6 1200 11520
Sand 4.8 400 1920
Cement 35 350 12250
Water 1% 360.7045
Total 40294.27
Per cum 4029.427

Analysis of Rates for Concrete work (No
steel inside)
8
Cement Concrete 1:2:4 with graded stone chips from 20 mm down to mm for RCC works excluding shuttering
and Reinforcement
For 10 cum
Head mason 0.25 800 200
Mason 2 600 1200
Mazdoor 20 450 9000
Stone Ballast 8.8 1200 10560
Sand 4.4 400 1760
Cement 64 350 22400
Water 1% 451.456
Total 50376.76
Per cum 5037.676

Supplying, fitting, fixing and removing
shuttering and staging
• Timber (wood) shuttering (form work) can be used max 12
times.
• Steel form work can be used 40 times.
• At the end of the life, scrap value is 8% to 12%
• Calculate cost of shuttering materials new purchased, deduct
scrap value and divide balance into 12 months period or 40
months period
Continue…

8 Consider a room = 5 x 4 with an intermediate T beam 250 x 200 wide web. Height of room is 3.5 m.
Area of shuttering (a) For beam = (0.25x2+0.2)x4 = 2.8 sqm (b) For Slab = 5 x 4 - (0.2 x 4) =19.2 sqm
Total Area = 22 sqm
Particulars Quantity Rate Amount
Shuttering 1.139 55000 62645
96.6 433 41827.8
Scrap Value -10% -10447.3
For 12 times 94025.52
For one time 7835.46
Head Carpenter 1.5 800 1200
Carpenter 3 600 1800
Mazdoor 6 450 2700
Carriage within a town 2.278 120 273.36
Nails 0.50% 39.1773
Contingencies 0.50% 69.23999
Over and Profit 10% 1391.724
One time use cost for 22 SQM 15308.96
So for 10 sqm is 6958.619
So for 1 sqm is 695.8619

9 Shuttering (2.5x2.5x1) for footing using wooden form work
Materials
Side Planks 0.25 54000 13500
Side Cleats 0.0384 54000 2073.6
Horizontal Cleats 0.096 54000 5184
Inclined battons 0.0384 54000 2073.6
Purchasing cost of Steel Formwork 22831.2
Value after Scrap value deduction 20548.08
Formwork is used 12 time, so one time cost 1712.34
Nails (1%) 5% 85.617
Carrige labor 0.4228 150 63.42
Labour
Carpenter 1 600 600
Mazdoor 2 450 900
water charges 1% 33.78
Total cost for 10 SQM 3753.16
Per square Meter 375.32

Analysis of Rate for RCC work
RCC work analysis
11 RCC work 1:1.5:3 for Beam with 2.0% steel
Consider 10 cum concrete. Steel = 10*2/100 = 0.2 cum = 1570 kg. Binding Wire = 1% of 1570 = 15.7 kg
a Material
Stone chips 20 mm down 8.4 850 7140
Sand 4.2 1050 4410
Cement 81 350 28242.07
Steel 1570 57 89490
Binding Wire (1 kg per 100 kg) 15.7 67 1051.9
Shuttering Material on hire 5% 6516.699
b Labour
For concrete :-
Head Mason 0.5 800 400
Mason 3 600 1800
Mazdoor 23 450 10350
For Steel:-
Black Smith 16 450 7200
Mazdoor helper 16 450 7200
For Shuttering:-
Mazdoor 10 450 4500
(a+b) 174300.7
c Contingencies (0.5% of (a+b)) 0.50% 871.5034
d water charges (1% of (a+b+c)) 1% 1751.722
Profit and Overhead (10% of (a+b+c+d)) 10% 17692.39
Total cost per 10 cum 329124.9
Total Cost per cum 32912.4

Analysis of Rate for RCC work
RCC work analysis
12 RCC work 1:2:4 for lintel with 0.9% steel. Consider 10 cum concrete
Steel = 10*0.9/100 = 0.09 cum = 707 kg. Binding Wire = 1% of 707 = 7 kg
a Material
Stone chips 20 mm down 8.8 850 7480
Sand 4.4 1050 4620
Cement 63 350 22190.2
Steel 707 57 40299
Binding Wire (1 kg per 100 kg) 7.07 67 473.69
Shuttering Material on hire 5% 3753.145
b Labour
For concrete :-
Mason 3 600 1800
Mazdoor 23 450 10350
For Steel:-
For Shuttering:-
Mazdoor 7 450 3150
(a+b) 105016
c Contingencies (0.5% of (a+b)) 0.50% 525.0802
d water charges (1% of (a+b+c)) 1% 1055.411
Profit and Overhead (10% of (a+b+c+d)) 10% 10659.65
Total cost per 10 cum 187982
Total cost per cum 18798.2

Analysis of Rate for reinforcement work
9 Providing TOR steel for RCC work including binding, placing in position up to two floor level
Material
TOR Steel 100 46 4600
wastage 5% 5% 230
Binding Wire 1 45 45
Labour
Profit and Overhead 10% 586.1914
Total 6448.105
Per 1 kg – 64.048/-

Rate Analysis
Analysis of Rate for Steel work in RCC work
10 Cold twisted reinforcement in RCC work for a slab of 10 x 10
10 mm dia steel at 10 cm centre to centre and mm at 20 cm centre to centre in roof slab
Consider 25% and 5% extra steel due to extension in second continuous slab and hooks or bends respectively
Total Length for 10 mm dia = (1000/10 x10) x (1+0.25+0.05) = 1300m
Wt of 10 mm dia = 802kg
Total Length for 6 mm dia = (1000/20 x10) x (1+0.05) = 525m
Wt of 6 mm dia = 116.6667kg
Total weight of reinforcement = 919kg
Material
TOR Steel 919 46 42280.25
wastage 5% 5% 2114.012
Binding Wire (0.8 kg per 100 kg) 7.352 45 330.84
Labour
Total 58982.13
Steel in Slab per SQM = 0.96 kg

Analysis of Rate for Brick work
13 First Class Brickwork Masonry (1:4) in superstructure, Ground Floor
Consider 10 cum
Particulars Quantitity Rate Amount
a Materials
Bricks (19x9x9) 5000 6.4 32000
Sand 2.86 1050 3003
Cement 21 350 7350
Scaffolding 0.50% 211.765
b Labour
Mason 2 600 1200
Mazdoor 17 450 7650
c Contingencies 0.50% 259.0738
d Water Charge 1% 520.7384
e Overhead and Profit 10% 5259.458
f Total per 10 cum 57854.03
Toal per cum 5785.403
Note: Wet mortar quantity shall be added 15% extra due to frog filling. To calculate dry
mortar 1/3 on overall shall be added. Then we can proceed for quantity of sand and
cement

cement
14 First Class Brickwork Masonry (1:6) in superstructure, First Floor
Consider 10 cum
a Materials
Bricks (19x9x9) 5000 6.4 32000
Sand 3 1050 3150
Cement 15 350 5250
Scaffolding 0.50% 202
b Labour
Mason 9 600 5400
Mazdoor 20 450 9000

cement
15 Second Class Brickwork Masonry (1:6) in Foundation and Plinth
Consider 10 cum
a Materials
Bricks (19x9x9) 5000 6.4 32000
Sand 3 1050 3150
Cement 15 350 5250
Scaffolding 0.50% 202
b Labour
Mason 8 600 4800
Mazdoor 16 450 7200

Analysis of Rate for Stone Masonry work
Prepare Rubble masonry analysis for 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6
16 Random Rubble Masonry (1:6) in foundation and Plinth
Consider 10 cum. Mortar Volume is 4.2 cum. Cement = 17 bags, Sand = 3.6 cum
a Materials
Stone (undressed) 12.5 636 7950
Sand 3.6 1050 3780
Cement 17 350 5950
b Labour
Mason 10 600 6000
Mazdoor 19 450 8550

17 Random Rubble Masonry (1:6) in superstructure
Consider 10 cum. Mortar Volume is 4.2 cum. Cement = 17 bags, Sand = 3.6 cum
a Materials
Stone (undressed) 12.5 636 7950
Sand 3.6 1050 3780
Cement 17 350 5950
b Labour
Mason 11 600 6600
Mazdoor 20 450 9000

18 Coursed Rubble Masonry (1:6) in foundation and Plinth
Consider 10 cum. Dry Mortar Volume is 4.0 cum. Cement = 17 bags, Sand = 3.4 cum
a Materials
Stone 11.7 865 10120.5
Sand 3.42 1050 3591
Cement 17 350 5950
b Labour
Mason 15 600 9000
Mazdoor 24 450 10800

19 Coursed Rubble Masonry (1:6) in superstructure
Consider 10 cum. Mortar Volume is 4 cum. Cement = 17 bags, Sand = 3.4 cum
a Materials
Stone 11.7 865 10120.5
Sand 3.42 1050 3591
Cement 17 350 5950
b Labour
Mason 17 600 10200
Mazdoor 28 450 12600

Analysis of Rate Damp Proof Course
20 20 mm thick cement mortar 1:2 damp proof course
For 100 sqm
a Materials
Cement 27 350 9450
Sand 1.8 1050 1890
Water Proofing compound (2% by cement wt) 27 190 5130
Form work 1% 164.7
b Labour
Mason 5 600 3000
Mazdoor 6 450 2700
Water Charges 1% 228.48
Total cost per 100 sqm 25384.54

Analysis of Rate Damp Proof Course
21 2.5 cm thick cement concrete 1:2:4 damp proof course
For 100 sqm
a Materials
Cement 16 350 5600
Sand 1.1 1050 1155
Stone Chips 2.2 850 1870
Water Proofing compound (3% by cement wt) 24 190 4560
b Labour
Masons 8 600 4800
Mazdoors 9 450 4050
Water charges 1.00% 225.4718
Profit and Overhead 10.00% 2277.265
Total cost per sqm 250.5

Analysis of Rate PlasteringNote:
• Increase wet volume by 20% due to extra filling of depression, joints, wastage on wall surface.
• Then increase this volume by 1/3rd to get dry volume of mortar generally for 1:4 to 1:6.
• But in case on 1:2 and 1:3 the dry mortar volume shall be reduced by 3% as compared to above calculated
because the voids in sand is lesser.
• Calculate for 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 for 12 mm thick plaster
• Calculate for 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 for 20 mm thick plaster
22 Cement Plaster 12 mm thick 1:6 on new brickwork
Consider 100 sqm
a Materials
Cement 8 350 2800
Sand 1.64 1050 1722
Scaffolding 1% 176.72
b Labour
Mason 10 600 6000
Mazdoor 15 450 6750
Water charges 1% 179.3796
Over head and profit 10% 1811.734
Total cost per sqm 199.29

Analysis of Rate Plastering
23 Cement Plastering of 6 mm thickness 1:3 on ceiling. Consider 100 sqm area
a Materials
Cement 7 350 2450
Sand 0.7182 1050 754.11
Scaffolding 1% 150.0411
b Labour
Mason 10 600 6000
Mazdoor 12 450 5400
Overhead and Profit 10% 1538.22
Total cost per Sqm 169.20

Analysis of Rate for Road Works
24 Earthwork in excavation from borrow pits
a Labour
Mazdoor for cutting and placing 1.5 350 525
Mazdoor for loading and unloading 2 350 700
Mazdoor for rough dressing 0.2 350 70
Contingency 0.50% 6.48
Water 1% 13.01
Overhead and Profit 10% 131.45
24 Earthwork in excavation from borrow pits by using JCB machine (NOT in COURSE)
a Equipment
JCB 0.083333 2000 166.67
JCB operators 0.083333 500 41.67
Fuel 4.166667 70 291.67
Helper 0.083333 350 29.17
Contingencies charges 0.50% 2.65
Over head and Profit 10% 53.71
Total Cost per 10 cum 590.84

Analysis of Rate for Flooring, Wood, road
etc
Not complete yet,
Will discuss some more after valuation
chapter

Rate analysis in civil engineering

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