Reading Reading Reading Reading Reading Reading
- 1. Reading
- 2. • The reading section contains reading passages of varying difficulty and questions about the passages. • This part measures your ability to read and understand short passages. • Some questions require that you interact with the text. For example , you may be asked to choose an appropriate word or sentence in the text, or you may be asked to indicate the best place within the text for an additional sentence.
- 3. • Other questions will be multiple choice where you choose the best of four possible answers. • The questions may ask about vocabulary, pronoun reference, the meanings of sentences , where sentences can be inserted , stated or unstated details, inferences , rhetorical purposes , and general organization of ideas.
- 4. Strategies for Reading • Be familiar with the directions. The directions on every test are the same , so it is not necessary to spend time reading the directions carefully when you take the test. You should be completely familiar with the directions before the day of the exam.
- 5. • Do not worry if a reading passage is on a topic that is not familiar to you. All of the information that you need to answer the questions is included in the passages. You do not need any background knowledge to answer the questions. • Do not spend too much time reading the passages. You do not have time to read each passage in depth , and it is quite possible to answer the questions correctly without first reading the passages in depth.
- 6. • Skim each passage to determine the main idea and overall organization of ideas in the passage. You do not need to understand every detail in each passage to answer the questions correctly. It is therefore a waste of time to read each passage with the intent of understanding every single detail before you try to answer the questions.
- 7. - Look at each questions to determine what type of question it is. The type of question tells you how to proceed to answer the question. - For vocabulary questions , the targeted word will be highlighted in the passage . Find the highlighted word, and read the context around it.
- 8. -For reference questions , the targeted word will be highlighted in the passage. Find the targeted word , and read the context preceding the highlighted word. -For sentence insertion questions , there will be darkened squares indicating where the sentence might be inserted . Read the context around the darkened squared carefully.
- 9. -For sentence restatement questions , the targeted sentence will be highlighted in the passage. Read the highlighted sentence carefully . It may also be helpful to read the context around the highlighted sentence. -For detail questions , unstated detail questions , and inference questions , choose a key word in the question , and skim for the key word or a related idea) in order in the passage. Read the part of the passage around the key word (or related idea).
- 10. -For rhetorical purpose questions , the targeted word or phrase will be highlighted in the passage. Read the highlighted word or phrase and the context around it to determine the rhetorical purpose . -For general ideas questions , focus on the main ideas rather than details of the passages. The main ideas are most likely explained in the introductory paragraph and at the beginning or end of each supporting paragraph.
- 11. -Choose the best answer to each question . You may be certain of a particular answer , or you may eliminate any definitely incorrect answers and choose from among the remaining answers. -Do not spend too much time on a question you are completely unsure of. If you do no know the answer to a question , simply guess and go on. You can return to this question later if you have time.
- 12. -SKIMMING : Skim the text to obtain general information. Think about the general information and not the detail. -SCANNING: Scan for specific detail only; do not concentrate on the meaning of the text . If you start to read , or even to skim , you will find it more difficult to locate your words. -SKIM AND READ: Skim a text , and stop at a particular points to look at the meaning. Use the questions to guide you around the text. Techniques to increase your reading speed
- 13. There are 10 skills that you need to master before sitting to the TOEFL. These skills are: 1-Understand vocabulary from the context: In a TOEFL reading test , you may be asked to determine the meaning of a word or a phrase. It may be a difficult word that you have never seen before , or it may be an easier-looking word or phrase that has a number of varied meanings. In any of these cases the passage will probably give you a clear indication of what the word or phrase means. READING SKILLS
- 14. 2- Recognize Referents: In the reading section , you may be asked to determine the noun to which a pronoun or adjective refers. You may be asked to find the referents for a variety of words like; he , she , it , they , him , her , them , its , his , their and many other words. A referent generally precedes the pronoun or adjective in the passage ; thus to answer this type of question , you should read the context around the pronoun or adjective carefully and look for the right referent.
- 15. 3- Simplify meanings of sentences • In the reading section of the test , you may be asked to simplify the meaning of a long and complex sentence. In this type of question , you must choose the one answer that is closest to the meaning of a sentence that is highlighted in the passage.
- 16. 4- Insert sentences into the passage: • In the reading section , you may be asked to determine where to insert a sentence in the passage. In this type of question , you must choose one of four squares in the passage to indicate that the sentence should be inserted in that position. • 5-Find factual information: • In the reading section of the test , you may be asked questions about the factual information. The answer to this question is often a restatement of what is given in the passage. This means that the correct answer often expresses the same idea as what is written in the passage, but in words that are not exactly the same.
- 17. • 6- Understand negative facts: • In the reading section , you will sometimes be asked to find an answer that is not stated , not mentioned or not true in the passage. This means that three answers are mentioned in the passage are true , while one answer is not. You must know that there are two kinds of answers to this type of question: • A- There are three answers that are true and one that is not true according to the passage , or • B-There are three answers mentioned in the passage and one that is not mentioned in the
- 18. • 7- Make inferences from stated facts: In the reading section , you may be asked to answer a multiple question by drawing a conclusion from a specific detail or details in the passage. Questions of this type contain the words : implied , inferred , likely , or probably to let you know that the answer to the question is not directly stated.
- 19. • 8- Infer rhetorical purpose: • In the reading section , you may be asked to explain why the author includes certain words , phrases or sentences in a passage. You have to decide which of the four multiple –choice answers best explains why the author chose to include the highlighted information. • You should look at the relation between the highlighted text and the rest of the passage rather than only looking into the highlighted information itself.
- 20. • 9- Select Summary Information: • In the reading section , you may be asked to complete a summary chart in which the overall topic is given. Determine the major supporting ideas. • To complete this type of question successfully , you must be able to recognize the rhetorical pattern of the information in the passage , it may be one of the following: • -compare and contrast –cause and effect argument by reason
- 21. • 10- Complete Schematic tables: • In the reading section , you may be asked to complete a schematic table that outlines the key information from a passage. • To complete this type of question successfully , you must be able to recognize overall organization of the information in the passage , including the major points and the critical supporting information.