Lecture 2
- 1. Lecture #2 1. Introduction to Writing Task 1 2. Reading section2 - Matching headings - Pick from a list 3. Listening Section 2 -Multiple choice - Labelling a map/plan
- 2. 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO WRITING TASK 1 Writing introductory sentence 2.2 OVERVIEW ON READING SECTION 2 2.3 STRATEGIES ON READING SECTION-2 Matching headings Pick from a list 2.4 STRATEGIES ON LISTENING SECTION-2 Multiple choice Labelling a map/ plan STRATEGIES ON SPEAKING PART-2 GIVING A TALK (LONG TURN) Giving a talk Introducing the points Beginning & ending the talk 2.5 INTRODUCTION ON WRITING TASK 2 Analyzing the task Brainstorming ideas Organizing ideas into paragraphs Lecture Two
- 3. 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO WRITING TASK 1 Writing module • Timing: 60 minutes • Tasks: There are 2 tasks. • Test Parts: There are 2 parts Academic writing: • In Task 1, you are presented with a graph, table, chart or diagram and are asked to describe, summarize or explain the information in your own words. • In Task 2, you are asked to write and an essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem.
- 4. Skills assessed In both Tasks- you are assessed on your ability to write a response which is appropriate in terms of: – Content – The organization of ideas – The accuracy and range of vocabulary and grammar
- 5. INTRODUCTION TO WRITING TASK-1 • Introduction to graphs and charts • Writing an introduction • Selecting important information • Planning to answer
- 6. The examiner considers the following questions: • Understanding the task and the data/ diagram • Highlighting all the points/ trends • Including the important data • Presenting an overview
- 8. Describing charts • Write Introduction • Describe main features of a figure • Give further details • Summarize an overview
- 9. 2.2 OVERVIEW ON READING SECTION 2 Question type • Multiple choice • Identifying information (True/ False/ Not Given) • Identifying a writer’s views-claims (Yes/ No/Not Given) • Matching information • Matching headings • Matching features • Matching sentence endings • Sentence completion • Summary completion • Note completion • Table completion • Flow-chart completion • Diagram label completion • Short-answer questions
- 10. 2.3 STRATEGIES ON READING SECTION-2 • Matching Headings • Pick from a list
- 11. Matching Headings This task tests whether you understand the organization of texts and can identify the main idea or topic in each section of a text. For this question type you must choose the heading that best summarizes the main idea of a section or paragraph of the passage. There will usually be more headings than paragraphs or sections. The HEADINGS are given Roman numerals (I, ii, iii,…x, xi, xii etc), the PARAGRAPHS are labelled alphabetically. The headings are always given before the reading passage.
- 12. Strategies for Matching headings 1. If there are more headings than sections, read the sections first. If there were the same number of sections as headings, it would be a good idea to read the headings first. 2. Skim the passage quickly to get a general idea of its meaning. It is a good idea to read the first sentence of a short paragraph only. In longer paragraphs, read the first and last sentence. This technique is called ‘skim-reading’. 3. Some sentences are long so there is no need to read the whole sentence. Underline key words. 4. The words in the headings will usually not be exactly the same as the words in the passage. Look for parallel expressions in the passage and the headings. Parallel expressions are words or phrases with similar meanings to those in the passage. (Paraphrasing) 5. Read the headings next. If they are long, underline some key words. 6. Re-read the labelled paragraphs and make predictions about the sections. 7. Read the passage at normal speed. Don’t get stuck on parts or words you don’t understand. Make a guess and go on. 8. After answered all questions, you can go back the ones you aren’t sure about. Make sure they fit the meaning of the whole paragraph and don’t simply use some of the same words.
- 13. Pick from a list • Multiple – Choice (Pick from a list) question task tests your ability to understand the main ideas in a text or your understanding of a specific points or details. • You will have to choose one answer out of four options, two answers out of five options, or three out of six options. In the Reading Section-2, the multiple –choice task always has two answers out of 5 options. In the case of choosing more than 2 answers, the order of your answers isn’t important: for example, if the answers are A, C, E and you can write C, E, A, they will still be counted as correct. These options may be sentence endings or answers to questions. • The questions will be in the same order as the information in the text. But the options for each question normally do not follow the order of information in the passage. The questions and options are normally paraphrases of the passage.
- 14. Strategies for ‘Pick from a list’ Task 1. Read the instructions carefully. Note how many answers are required for each question. Always choose the required number of options for each question. 2. Read the questions carefully and look for the relevant part of the passage. Underline parallel expressions in the questions and passage and eliminate any answers which are obviously wrong. 3. The correct answer is only in the passage, not your opinion. In some cases an option may be true, but it is wrong in relation to the question. 4. Once you have identified which section of the text will give you the answer to a multiple choice question, it can be used to rephrase what it says in that section in your own words: it may help you identify the correct answer more quickly. 5. When deciding between the answers to multiple choice questions, do not be misled by answers that look similar to what you have read in the text. For example, there is a difference between ‘experts agree’ (= all experts agree) and ‘some experts say’ (= not all experts agree, just some)
- 15. 2.4 STRATEGIES ON LISTENING SECTION-2 • Multiple choice • Labelling map/ plan
- 16. Multiple choice In section 2 of the listening module examinee hear one speaker talking about a social and general interest. This is slightly harder than section 1. There is usually more than one type of question. You are given time before you listen, to read the questions. Use this time effectively.
- 17. Strategies for a multiple –choice single-answer question. 1. The time is given before listening to read the question. Use this time effectively to get an idea of what you are going to listen for. 2. Before you listen, try and predict what the answers will be. This will help you focus your mind as you read the questions before you hear the recording and enable you to make better guesses. Ask yourself the following questions: • What is the subject of the answer? For example, is it a name, a date, a country? • What word fits grammatically? Is it a noun, a verb, an adjective or an adverb? • What is the function of the answer? For example, Is it a comparison, a list, an instruction, a label, a question?
- 18. Cont. 3. Find the keywords in the questions. This will help you listen out for the answers which could come BEFORE or AFTER the keyword. Sometimes, keywords in listening may be exactly the same as the question words or they may be synonyms or parallel expressions. 4. Keep up with tape and look ahead to the next question to hear all answers to every question. 5. Don’t always write down the first thing you hear. The recording often refers to a number of possible answers, but only one answer the question correctly.
- 19. Example • Tourist: I’d like to fly out on the twenty third of July …that’s the Sunday, isn’t it? • Travel agent: No, that’s the Saturday …the twenty fourth is the Sunday … • Tourist: Then the twenty fourth … Yes, I ‘d like to go on the Sunday. The answer would be July 24th, not July 23rd.
- 20. Cont. 6. When you listen to conversation, you will hear the speakers using discourse markers which act as ‘signposts’ helping to guide you through the talk. Follow the signposts and keep moving through the questions. Look at the example signposts in the monologue and get expectation to follow in listening section- 2.
- 21. Signposts • Good afternoon. … You are all here today because you’ve decided to stop smoking. • What I will give you today are various methods you can choose from. • The first method I would recommend is … • Of course, this method does not work for everyone, but there are other ways to help keep you on track. • Another way is …. • So where do you get them?....
- 22. Cont. 7. The questions always follow the order of information in the listening task. 8. The correct answer is only in the listening, not your opinion. In some cases some choices seem to be the answer, but only answer half the question. The choices you make must answer the whole question.
- 23. Labelling a map or plan
- 24. • Maps or plans include plans of buildings, maps of countries or cities, roadmaps and area plans amongst others. • The information you need in order to answer the questions is in the same order as it is on the recording. • There will be some visual information (a map or plan) which you have to label by 1) writing the information yourself or 2) choosing the answer from a list of options. These tasks focus to label locations of the places.
- 25. 1) writing the information
- 26. 2) choosing the answer from a list of options
- 27. In the IELTS Listening exam, the maps and plans are usually very simple, with some parts labelled. You should use the labelled parts as a guide when listening. This type of task focuses on 3). labelling directions.
- 29. There are also 4). geographical positions for labelling a map or plan.
- 31. Strategies on labelling a map or plan 1. Read the instruction carefully. Study the drawing and the heading, if it has one. Try to work out what the drawing shows. 2. If parts of the drawing have question numbers, find the first question number and notice where the numbers continue. It means you have to think of ways you can describe where places are before you listen. 3. Look carefully at the drawing, noting the words that are given in the map or plan. Make sure you understand what direction you need to be following. Is it right or left? North or South?
- 32. Cont. 4. Circle or underline any keywords or areas. Think of vocabulary for direction, for example; on the left, first right, along the road, on your right, straight ahead, the ground/ first/ second floor, in the corner/ middle, at the side/ back, behind in front of, opposite etc… and vocabulary for place and location, such as at the top of, at the bottom of, next to, immediately opposite, in (a street, town), near, on the corner, next to, at the end of the street etc. 5. Listen for each place name and find starting point once the CD begins and follow the speaker’s direction. 6. Think about the meanings of the words in the questions and box, if there is one. The words may be exactly what you hear or you may hear different words that mean the same. 7. When you hear the relevant information, listen carefully for the answer. If you miss an answer, go on to the next question or you may miss that too.
- 33. The end