The document discusses two types of regression analysis used in location decision making: simple linear regression and multiple linear regression. Simple linear regression is explained using the equation y = mx + b, where y is the target variable, x is the input variable, m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. The document provides an example where y is the price of a house and x is the square footage, with the goal of finding values for m and b to predict house prices based on square footage. The document then introduces multiple linear regression as an extension of simple linear regression to incorporate multiple input variables.