Remote sensing and gis env bio
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Remote sensing involves obtaining information about an area through analysis of physical data collected from a distance by devices without direct contact. It has been used since the 1850s for aerial photography from balloons and developed further for military purposes. Key concepts include data acquisition using various energy sources and sensors, data analysis including interpretation of imagery, and applications in ecology such as monitoring terrestrial, aquatic and animal environments as well as ecological damage. Geographic information systems (GIS) integrate spatial and non-spatial data for managing, analyzing and visualizing information. GIS techniques include data capture, storage, management, retrieval, analysis and display. GIS has many applications including environmental studies and improving understanding of processes and human activities.
Remote sensing and gis env bio
- 1. REMOTE SENSING AND GIS Presented by, M.Uma Maheshwari II M.Sc Botany
- 3. Science and art of obtaining information about an area, object or phenomenon through the analysis of physical data acquired from a distance by a device that is not in direct contact Definition
- 4. 1858 Balloonist G.Tournachon made photographs of Paris from his balloon. Systematic aerial photography developed for military and reconnaissance purposes beginning in World War I and reaching a climax during the Cold War . Artificial satellites in the latter half of the 20th century History
- 5. Data acquisition Energy source Propagation of energy Air borne/soil borne sensors Presentation of sensor data in pictoral or digital form Data analysis Collection of ground data Interpretation of pictoral data Interpretation of digital data Preparation of maps Basic concepts
- 6. Photographic Non photographic Sensors used in RS system
- 7. Record the reflected solar energy from earth surface Camera mounted on the aircraft On development and printing aerial photographs are produced Photographic sensors
- 8. Also called Multi Spectral Scanner (MSS) Record wide spectral range Operated from aircrafts and satellites Indispensible for satellite borne RS system It scans the ground, line by line perpendicular to the direction of satellite or air craft The scanning rate in adjusted Non photographic sensors
- 9. Along lines, MSS view only a small area of the ground at a particular instant of time Called as Instaneous Field Of View (IFOB) The area on ground is called Ground Resolution Element (GRE) or pixel
- 10. Terrestrial ecology Aquatic ecology Animal ecology Ecological damage Application
- 11. By using FCC existing forest can be studied Study area can be mapped and classified into various canopy classes Any decrease in forest can be easily determined Forest map is essential for planning of sampling sites Evaluation of remote sensing using aerial photograph in a scale of 1:15000 provide multi level information Terrestrial ecology
- 12. Prohibitive cost Non availability of recent and sequential photographs Restricted nature Problems related to procurement and scale distortion Limitations of RS in forest inventories
- 13. AP and FCC can be utilized to locate and determine sites from water samples for planktonic studies FCC can be used for Determining different natural basins Selection of water sampling sites for determining various chemical quality Level of pollution of surface water Aquatic ecology
- 14. Location of an animal for plotting movements and calculating home range To assist in location of an animal for direct observation To record data like EEG, ECG, respiration rate and internal or surface body temperature Animal ecology
- 15. Environmental impact assessment Offshore fishing Crop inventory Crop yielding forecasting Other applications in ecology
- 16. Monitor ecological threats and long term effects to the earth’s natural surface and areas relevant to human activities Much damage is imposed on vegetation such as areas affected by forest fires and grassland burns Very easy to see the destruction deposits with volcanic eruptions and sand storms Oil spills – another catastrophe Monitoring any changes that threats the lives of endangered animal or plant life Ecological damage
- 18. GIS is a system for managing spatial data and associated attributes Performs 5 tasks Input Manipulation Management Query and analysis Visualization Definition
- 19. Relating information from different sources Data representation Data capture Data manipulation Projections, coordinate systems and registration Spatial analysis Graphic display techniques Techniques used in GIS
- 20. Two components Graphical data about geographical features Tabular data about features in the geography Working patterns of GIS
- 21. Variety of GIS software is available Important functional capabilities include Data capture Data storage Data management Data retrieval Data analysis Data display Selecting a GIS
- 22. Must have a spatial component All information are geo – referenced Geocoding- two methods Scanning Digitizing Involves in identifying the objects, location on earth surface and their spatial relationships Data capture
- 23. Possible to link or integrate information through various means Agricultural records can indicate how much pesticide has been applied to a parcel of land By locating the parcels and intersecting them with streams can predict amount nutrient run off Data integration
- 24. Tremendous amount of data into a map Decrease in low cost of disks the development of high-density storage media Data sets on common server solves storage problems accessible to multiple users Data storage
- 25. Projection is a fundamental component of map making Transferring information from earth’s 3 D to 2 D medium (paper or computer screen) Projection and registration
- 26. GIS convert data from one structure to another Satellite image is converted into readable form in raster format Raster files can be easily read by the computer Data structures 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3
- 27. Samples taken in discrete location Used to depict 2D, 3D of earth’s surface It is easy to locate the different area with pH value of oil and also soil Data modeling
- 28. Support the retrieval of features or by spatial characteristics Position of a single feature Buffering is a action that retrieves within a specified distance of a line, point or area Data retrieval
- 29. Spreadsheet and database analysis Computing new attributes Generating summary statistics Creating reports Data analysis
- 30. GIS is automated map making technology Prolific producer of maps GIS user can change scale at a push of a button But controlling the content is not so easy Map making
- 31. Environmental studies, geography, geology, planning, business marketing Help to analyze large datasets Better understanding of terrestrial process Human activities to improve economic vitality and environmental quality Application