Research Capstone Project Module 3 .pdf
- 2. Research problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation. A research problem is typically posed in the form of a question.
- 3. The purpose of a problem statement is to: 1. Introduce the reader to the importance of the topic being studied. The reader is oriented to the significance of the study and the research questions or hypotheses to follow.
- 4. 2. Places the problem into a particular context that defines the parameters of what is to be investigated. 3. Provides the framework for reporting the results and indicates what is probably necessary to conduct the study and explain how the findings will present this information.
- 5. Sources of Problems for Investigation 1. Deduction from the Theory. Theories learned in the classroom are good starting point for scientific problem. The discrepancy of theory and actual practice calls for a scientific investigation. Lack of application of the theory is another avenue for invention.
- 6. 2. Recommendation from previous researches. If students find difficulty in finding a scientific problem, read the recommendation of other studies. Researchers who conducted a study on his/her field of interest had something to
- 7. recommend for further studies. Authors frequently conclude their studies by noting implications for further research; this can also be a valuable source of problems to investigate.
- 8. 3. Relevant related literature. Reading related literature pertaining to your field of interest can give a student insights regarding the gaps and gray areas among published researches. Research may be conducted to: 1) fill such gaps in knowledge; 2)
- 9. evaluate if the methodologies employed in prior studies can be adapted to solve other problems; or, 3) determine if a similar study could be conducted in a different subject area or applied to different study sample like different groups of people.
- 10. 4. Interviewing Practitioners. The identification of research problems about particular topics can arise from formal or informal discussions with practitioners who provide insight into new directions for future research and how to make research findings increasingly relevant to practice. Discussions with experts in the field,
- 11. such as, teachers, inventors, health care providers, scientists, etc., offers the chance to identify practical, “real world” problems that may be understudied or ignored within academic circles. This approach also provides some practical knowledge which may help in the process of designing and conducting your study.
- 12. 5. Personal Experiences. Your everyday experiences can give rise to worthwhile problems for investigation. Think critically about your own experiences and/or frustrations with an issue facing society, your community, or in your neighborhood. This can be derived,
- 13. for example, from deliberate observations of certain relationships for which there is no clear explanation or witnessing an event that appears harmful to a person or group or that is out of the ordinary.
- 14. Difference between Applied and Basic research Applied Research Basic Research Solve particular life problem Expand current knowledge
- 15. Practical and descriptive in nature Theoretical and explanatory in nature More specific scope Wider scope Associated with the Less associated with technology
- 16. advancement of technology Creates solutions or preventions for future problem Predicts future phenomena Client-driven Curiosity- driven
- 17. Has direct commercial objectives Does not have direct commercial objectives Highly connected with economical products Less connected with economy
- 18. More often appears in academic publication Less often appears in academic publication Occurs in real world settings Takes place in sterile environment
- 19. Criteria in Selecting Problem for Your Research Personal Inclination. The chief motivation in the way of selecting research problem is the personal inclination of the researcher. This refers to your personal interest on the topic.
- 20. Resources Availability. In your decision making stage, you are going to evaluate the available resources. These includes money, time, accommodation and transport, and expertise.
- 21. Relative Importance. The importance is one vital criterion in the selection of research problem. This refers to the impact of your research on the recipients.
- 22. Researcher Knowledge. Your knowledge on the topic/problem is the most vital in the selection of the research problem. This refers to how well you are familiar to the topic or problem.
- 23. Practicality. Practicality means that your research outcome can be practiced/applied to provide an effective solution to the problem.
- 24. Time-lines of the Problem. This is crucial in selecting research topic or problem. You are given one semester (your last semester) to finish your research. There is no extension or else you will graduate in October.
- 25. Data Availability. This refers to your skill and availability of equipment. If you will use others expertise and equipment in gathering data, most likely it will drag you down and lengthen your time-line.
- 26. Urgency. This refers to the necessity of doing your research. You give priority to your research topic/problem because your results can benefit the recipients.
- 27. Feasibility. Your research is feasible if you possess knowledge, skill, and equipment needed for your research. You can do your research with minimal supervision and within your one semester time line.
- 28. Area Culture. As researcher always consider area culture. Remember we are in a pandemic. We have rules to follow. Respect also corporate culture if you do your research in other institution/agency.
- 29. Research/Capstone Project in IMRAD Format IMRAD stands for Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, And Discussion. The elements of scientific research paper are: ⮚ Title
- 30. ⮚ Abstract ⮚ Introduction ⮚ Methods ⮚ Results ⮚ Discussion ⮚ Works Cited/References ⮚ Appendices
- 31. The purpose and content of IMRAD format was adopted from Saint Mary’s University IMRAD Lab Report Format. Section Purpose Content and Characteris tics Title ● Describes the content of the report ● Clear, specific and accurate
- 32. ● Allows readers to locate research of interest when searching the databases ● Loaded with keywords drawn from the body of the report Abstract ● Summarizes the report ● Helps the reader to ● One paragraph (200 – 250 words)
- 33. decide whether to read the entire paper ● 2 – 3 sentences for each section summarizin g key data and ideas ● A complete synopsis, not a teaser
- 34. (highlights of results and discussion may be included) Introducti on ● Gives background information needed to understand the ● Reviews relevant literature, including properly
- 35. current research, tracing the development of existing knowledge ● Places the new experiment in formatted citations ● Explains why the study was conducted, and what question it was
- 36. the context of the field ● Identifies the gap in existing knowledge and shows how the present research will fill them designed to answer ● Briefly describes the approach to the problem ● Outlines hypothesis(e s) to be
- 37. ● States the specific objectives of the work (Your research problem/questi ons) tested, predicted results ● Written in a mixture of present tense (for generally accepted truth) and
- 38. past tense (when referencing specific research) Material s and Methods ● Explains how experiment was conducted ● Provides enough detail ● Written in paragraph format ● Materials are
- 39. that other research could repeat the ● Gives readers the information they need to evaluate the validity of results and condition steps mentioned while describing methods, never listed separately ● Describes the purpose of each procedure as
- 40. well as necessary experiment ● Omit details that are common knowledge or would not impact the results
- 41. ● Written in past tense (recounts what was done, rather than giving instruction) Results ● Describe the outcome of the experiments ● Straightforw ard
- 42. ● Draws attention to key findings and relationships ● Allows reader to form their own conclusions based on the data reporting of observations and calculations ● Does not include commentary and interpretatio n
- 43. ● Detailed data is presented in tables and figures, which are referenced in the text ● Written portion
- 44. should summarize and emphasize, not repeat details shown in the visuals ● Written in past tense
- 45. Discussio n ● Interpret the results and explains their significance ● Places the new data in the context of the field ● Identifies limitations of ● References key data, describing its implications ● Identifies any errors made during the experiment
- 46. the study and suggests next steps and their impacts ● Discusses any shortcoming s of the protocol or experimental designs
- 47. ● Draw conclusions ● Identifies questions that could not be answered ● Cites relevant literature
- 48. ● Written in past, present, and future tense, as appropriate Reference s ● Provides full bibliographic information, directing the ● Includes only literature
- 49. reader to relevant literature that is cited in the text ● Follow a consistent scientific citation style, such as APA