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Research Support Facility: Three years of net zero operations, occupants, and analytics

Shanti Pless, profile picture
Shanti Pless

The document discusses the operations and performance of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Research Support Facility, highlighting its achievement of net zero energy status after three years. It details the building's design, energy efficiency strategies, and collaboration with various partners, alongside insights into performance data, occupant engagement, and innovative control measures. The emphasis is placed on how these efforts align with federal energy efficiency goals and contribute to advancements in sustainable building practices.

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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Research Support Facility: Three Years of Net Zero Operations, Occupants and Analytics Shanti Pless Senior Research Engineer National Renewable Energy Laboratory CBE Industry Advisory Board October 8 2015
Innovation for Our Energy Future Lets Review I have a new net zero energy building that meets the Executive Orders – now what? – Year 3 in our own net zero operations efforts in the Research Support Facility at NREL – Real Performance for Real Buildings
Innovation for Our Energy Future Our Net Zero Effort
Innovation for Our Energy Future NREL/DOE Research Support Facility Location: Golden, CO Primary Use: Office Size: 360,000 ft2 Occupants: Approximately 1,325 LEED Rating: Platinum Construction Cost: $254/ft2 Energy Budget: 35 kBtu/ft2/yr Site Net Zero Energy Goal: Offices, datacenter, and parking with on-site PV and campus wood chip boiler Utilize warranty and incentive program to ensure soft landing
Innovation for Our Energy Future Zero Energy Building Operations Realities (data)
Innovation for Our Energy Future First year at Net Zero!
Innovation for Our Energy Futurehttp://www.nrel.gov/news/features/feature_detail.cfm/feature_id=11369
Innovation for Our Energy Future Zero Energy Building Operations Realities (data)
Innovation for Our Energy Future Zero Energy Building Operations Realities (data)
Innovation for Our Energy Future Net Zero Site Energy Building Net Zero Source Energy Building Net Zero Energy Emissions Building Net Zero Energy Cost Building
Innovation for Our Energy Future Current Zero Energy Building Drivers Organization Effort Type Definition Living Building Challenge certification Site energy Massachusetts task force Site energy California pilot program Source TDV energy University of California campus-wide initiative Emissions GSA Task force Source energy Federal Government Executive Order 13693 Source energy “… ensuring, beginning in fiscal year 2020 and thereafter, that all new construction of Federal buildings greater than 5,000 gross square feet that enters the planning process is designed to achieve energy net-zero and, where feasible, water or waste net-zero by fiscal year 2030; "net-zero energy building" means a building that is designed, constructed, or renovated and operated such that the actual annual source energy consumption is balanced by on-site renewable energy;
Innovation for Our Energy Future12 http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/doe-releases-common-definition- zero-energy-buildings-campuses-and
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Innovation for Our Energy Future DOE / NREL: Client Haselden Construction: General Contractor RNL: Architecture, Interiors, Landscape, Lighting Stantec: MEP Engineering, Energy Modeling KL&A: Structural Engineering Martin/Martin: Civil Engineering AEC: LEED, Daylight Modeling, Commissioning Namaste Solar: Solar Consultant
Innovation for Our Energy Future15 NREL: 2006 NREL PIX
Innovation for Our Energy Future 220,00 SF Office Building Golden, CO Image courtesy of RNL
Innovation for Our Energy Future 138,000 SF Office Building Golden, CO Image courtesy of RNL
Innovation for Our Energy Future18 NREL: Today Used with Permission from Haselden
Innovation for Our Energy Future NREL Campus Growth with Design-Build Procurement process attributes pre-2007: o Design-bid-build project delivery o LEED-driven sustainability goals Procurement process attributes post-2007: o Design-build project delivery with firm fixed price for >$400 Million of new facilities o Specific energy performance requirements in the Request for Proposal – RSF, office example: 35 kBtu/ft2/yr – SEB, guard house example: net zero energy o Energy modeling required to substantiate goals o Energy end-use metering requirement o Voluntary incentive ($) program to ensure measurement and verification outcome has a chance to meet predicted performance
Innovation for Our Energy Future • Performance based design-build with absolute energy use requirements o These are NOT bridging documents. – Owner has significant input into the preliminary design – Some overlap of A/E costs o These ARE performance specifications. – What something must do, not what it must be – Subcontractor must substantiate that the design meets requirements – Owner must not give the subcontractor technical direction No drawings/plans in RFP! Don’t change your mind 20 Energy Performance Based Design-Build Process
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Innovation for Our Energy Future DOE/NREL Research Support Facility RFP Design/Build Requirements: 50% energy cost savings over ASHRAE 90.1 35.1 kBtu/ft2/yr Net zero energy use Performance assurance plan with incentives Design/Build Results: Net zero energy use 36.4 kBtu/ft2/yr in 2014 $259/sqft construction costs 22
Innovation for Our Energy Future DOE/NREL RSF 3rd Wing RFP Design/Build Requirements: 27 kBtu/ft2/yr 50% Energy Cost Savings Performance assurance plan with incentives Design/Build Results: 20 kBtu/ft2/yr measured Demonstration of additional cost savings, energy efficiency, and schedule gains over phase 1 • 17% more efficient than the RSF • Cost savings of 5% ($14/ft2 cheaper) 23
Innovation for Our Energy Future DOE/NREL 1800 Car Staff Parking Garage Design/Build Requirements: • 0.5 kBtu/ft2 • 175 kBtu/stall • Net-zero energy Site Entrance Building Design/Build Results: • 90% Energy savings • 138 kBtu/parking stall • $14,172 per parking space • $15,500 to $24,500 for typical parking space in Denver area
Innovation for Our Energy Future DOE/NREL Cafeteria RFP Design/Build Requirements: • 35% energy cost savings over ASHRAE 90.1 • Best in class commercial kitchen equipment • Performance assurance plan with incentives • LEED Gold Design/Build Results: • 36% energy savings and Platinum • Demonstration of max efficiency in a commercial kitchen using energy performance based design/build delivery and procurement methods • Continuous improvement requirements in vendor contract to ensure performance assurance
Innovation for Our Energy Future DOE/NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility Design/Build Requirements: 27 kBtu/ft2 Office wing 1.06 PUE Super computer • No mechanical cooling • Waste heat reuse 30% savings for all labs LEED Gold Design/Build Results: 26 kBtu/ft2 Office wing World class efficient super computer • 1.05 PUE 36% savings in labs LEED Platinum 26
Innovation for Our Energy Future https://buildingdata.energy.gov/cbrd/energy_based_acquisition/
Innovation for Our Energy Future Scale performance- based procurement 100 buildings three years This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), under Award Number DE-EE0007068. http://www.seventhwave.org/accelerateperformance
Innovation for Our Energy Future Extended partnerships and stakeholder group forming now TEAM Seventhwave National Renewable Energy Laboratory Institute for Sustainable Energy UTILITY PARTNERS ComEd Eversource United Illuminating OWNER PARTNERS University of Chicago Lend Lease Photos courtesy of University of Chicago
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Innovation for Our Energy Future Energy Use Credit: Stantec Credit: Chad Lobato/NREL Space Heating 24% Space Cooling 3% Pumps 1% Ventilation Fans 5% Domestic Hot Water 3% Exterior Lights 0% Lights 6% Office Plug Loads 22% Task Lights 0% Data Center 35% Data Center Cooling 0% Data Center Fans 1% NREL RSF Energy Model Breakdown kBtu/ft2 kWh/m2 kWh/ft2 Cooling 0.46 1.46 0.14 Heating 9.68 30.52 2.84 Mechanical Systems 2.19 6.90 0.64 Lighting 2.83 8.92 0.83 Plug Loads 5.76 18.18 1.69 Data Center 14.43 45.53 4.23 Building Total 35.35 111.51 10.36
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Innovation for Our Energy Future33 •100% of the workstations are daylit •No employee more than 30 feet from a window Daylighting
Innovation for Our Energy Future Daylighting: Glare Control A light redirecting device reflects sunlight to the ceiling, creating an indirect lighting effect. Fixed sunshades limit excess light and glare. Credit: RNL
Innovation for Our Energy Future
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. 6 watt task light 50 fc Ambient daylight Ambient lighting with daylight sensors for 25 fc
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Innovation for Our Energy Future RSF Addition Daylighting Enhancements
Innovation for Our Energy Future Weekday Lighting Power Density Credit: Chad Lobato/NREL 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.23 0.25 0.28 0.30 0.33 0.35 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 PowerDensity(W/ft2) Time of Day Model Average October 2010 November 2010 December 2010 January 2011 February 2011 March 2011 April 2011 May 2011 June 2011 July 2011 August 2011 September 2011
Innovation for Our Energy Future Heating 12.5% Cooling 9.5% Fans 2.8% Pumps 1.5% DHW 1.0% Lighting 28.0% Equipment 44.7% DOE Commercial Reference Building: Large Office, Boulder, CO
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Innovation for Our Energy Future
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. MANAGER TRAINING NEWSLETTER MOVE MEETINGS STAFF OPEN HOUSE RSF EMAIL BOX WEB PAGE
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Innovation for Our Energy Future What is the occupant’s role?
Innovation for Our Energy Future
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Innovation for Our Energy Future
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Innovation for Our Energy Future A Solution: Occupant Engaged A control philosophy for engaging occupants in high performance buildings operations as active users Requires occupant engagement to take a system from off to occupied state – Default mode is maximum efficiency mode • off or setback – No automatic ON – Occupant engages control to turn on if service needed • Intelligence to turn off or go to unoccupied state if occupant “forgets” to turn off – MUST have simple local occupant engagement interface • On/off switches the best
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Innovation for Our Energy Future Occupant Education? MUST have simple occupant engagement controls! • You have light switches- you can use them • If you open a window – close it • If you are stuffy- open your window • If you have a local glare issue, turn on your electrochromics • Turn on your power strip in the morning Occupants have to and will “figure it out” Adaptive lighting comfort – Actual office lighting levels measured before occupants engage to turn on open office ambient lights are 10 FC and below – 70% savings over occupancy sensor in daylit break rooms
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Innovation for Our Energy Future • Thermal comfort reporting – Air and Radiant temperature – Air speed – Humidity • Window operation
Innovation for Our Energy Future • Initial survey consisted of 65 questions based on LEED requirements • The app may be used to disseminate other surveys in the RSF or in other buildings across the NREL campus
Innovation for Our Energy Future PRODUCTIVITY Please estimate how your productivity is increased or decreased by the environmental conditions in this building (e.g., thermal, lighting, acoustics, cleanliness): 76% of the respondents felt that their productivity was improved by the IEQ conditions in the building Credit: CBE (Gail Brager and Margaret Pigman)
Innovation for Our Energy Future Database LEED NREL Mixed-Mode Naturally Ventilated Legend Mean value -0.13 0.40 0.92 0.32 1.43 RSF TEMPERATURE Credit: CBE (Gail Brager and Margaret Pigman)
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. NOISE LEVEL / PRIVACY
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. PINK NOISE
Innovation for Our Energy Future EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION
Innovation for Our Energy Future HVAC Systems •Radiant ceiling space heating and cooling in open offices •Dedicated outdoor air with underfloor delivery •Displacement cooling in conference rooms •Natural ventilation • Automatic and manual windows • Security waiver
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Innovation for Our Energy Future70 Natural Ventilation • During mild weather, operable windows allow for natural ventilation and economizer. • Automatic windows are controlled and operated primarily to support nighttime precooling. • Occupants are notified when conditions allow for manual windows to be opened.
Innovation for Our Energy Future User Friendly Windows
Innovation for Our Energy Future
Innovation for Our Energy Future Construction Innovation 73 5 days per deck allowed – 2 days per deck – 85% faster Offsite pre-fab of zones Offsite pre-pressurized
Innovation for Our Energy Future Effective Visualization? What does this tell us?
Innovation for Our Energy Future Building Agent Dashboard Graphic Design: Marjorie Schott, NREL What about this?
Innovation for Our Energy Future On Track Today (07:00 MST 10/8/15)
Innovation for Our Energy Future Creating Expectations 77 Upper Expectation Measured Performance Lower Expectation Expectations combine statistical and physical energy models
Innovation for Our Energy Future Modeling Consumption Vertical Irradiance (W/m2) LPD(W/m2) Statistical Models Lighting Physical Models PV Generation Combined Models Plug Loads Henze, G.P.; Pless, S.; Petersen, A.; Long, N.; Scambos, T. (2015). “Control limits for building energy end use based on frequency analysis and quantile regression." Energy Efficiency, published online. DOI: 10.1007/s12053-015-9342-6
Innovation for Our Energy Future Fault Detection Example: Daylighting Lighting higher than expected Lighting out of range despite full daylighting potential Root Cause: Daylighting controls overridden during repair of ballast and fixtures; controls weren’t reset 6-Nov-20136-Nov-2013
Innovation for Our Energy Future Fault Detection Example: Lighting Controls Lighting load is too high in evening hours (6–10 PM) Response: Reduce auto-off delays; staff outreach; lessons learned for future lighting system design Multiple Causes: Cleaning staff, individuals working late 1-Jan-2014 5-Apr-2014
Innovation for Our Energy Future Fault Detection Example: Air Handler Solution: Installation of new evaporative cooling unit to meet local demand, enabling the AHU to turn off at night Problem: Large AHU on all night: manually overridden to provide air and cooling to a few night shift security employees 16-Aug-2013 7-Oct-2013
Innovation for Our Energy Future Fault Detection Example: PV Inverter Offline PV output too low. Why? Time series suggests inverter outage; offline inverter confirmed via vendor web portal and repair dispatched 20-Mar-2015 20-Mar-2015
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Photovoltaic System
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Innovation for Our Energy Future Photovoltaics •PV contractor involved with installation •Installation technique improvements •Standing Seam Roof C-Wing PV RSF Addition PV RSF PV
Innovation for Our Energy Future86 Production Tracking
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Innovation for Our Energy FutureHOT AISLES Image courtesy Stantec
Innovation for Our Energy Future Operational Lessons- Datacenter 89 •Fully containing hot aisle difficult • Custom aisle floor and door seals • Ensure equipment designed for cold aisle containment • And installed to pull cold air – Not hot air… •Have run ~1.1-1.35 PUE •A few hot spots were driving up PUE •Summer time PUE of 1.35 because of increased cooling Control hot aisle based on return temperature of ~90F NREL/PIX17897 Credit:MarjorieSchott/NREL
Innovation for Our Energy Future Data Center load goes down? 90
Innovation for Our Energy Future Fix PV faults as soon as they are found – 12% improvements possible Continued datacenter metric tracking – 1.15 PUE and total 120 kW goals Lighting controls commissioning – Occupancy sensors, daylighting set points Wood chip boiler controls improvements – Over 50% natural gas savings planned Additional PV planned More thin clients All while trying to fit in another 100 occupants… 91 Plan to return to net positive
Innovation for Our Energy Future Uncontrolled Load Profile for a Zero Office Building -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 HourlyElectricityUse(+)andProduction(-)(kW) Car Charging Total cooling Total Lighting (kW) Total Plug Loads (kW) Total Mechanical (kW) Total Data Center (kW) PV (kW) Net Building Utility Draw (kW)
Innovation for Our Energy Future The Solution: Grid-Friendly, Islandable Net Zero Vision 1. Net zero with deep energy efficiency moving into marketplace now 2. Leverage net zero and efficiency for active load shape management • Inherent capacitance of building systems 3. Add stationary electric and thermal storage for peak demand management • Storage as a service 4. Add islanding capabilities and controls that utilize net zero and grid friendly hardware Renewable Building-Scale Microgrid
Innovation for Our Energy Future94 100% Renewable, Grid Friendly, AND Energy Secure
Innovation for Our Energy Future High Performance Building Operators Owners/Operators Jim Dewey, City of Santa Barbara John Elliott, UC Merced Matt Ellis, Army Jake Gedvilas, NREL Rodney Martin, NASA Scott Poll, NASA Len Pettis, California State University Kevin Rodgers, University of Chicago Jason Sielcken, GSA Darrell Smith, Microsoft Scott Williams, Target Designers and Energy Consultants Porus Antia, Stantec Matt Ganser, Carbon Lighthouse Rob Peña, University of Washington and the Integrated Design Laboratory Zack Rogers, Daylighting Innovations Phil Saieg, McKinstry
Innovation for Our Energy Future Resources General HPB operations process linked by project phase • Present a storyline for all HPB operations key actions (above and beyond current practice) Unique sections for topics that create a base recipe that can be used by all HPB owners and building types Examples of unique lessons given to generate motivation and confidence to take action • Setting and requiring energy targets • Procuring an EIS • Procuring MELs • Datacenters • Occupancy and occupant feedback • Closing the loop with action plans https://buildingdata.energy.gov/cbrd/resource/1913
Innovation for Our Energy Future How Much Did It Cost? 97 • $259/ft2 construction costs for site work, infrastructure, and building o Includes interiors, furniture, and cabling o Does not include PV, land, or design costs • $246/ft2 construction cost for third wing • Third-party-owned power purchase agreement for PV o $29/ft2 or 11% additional cost if NREL had purchased all PV without tax breaks or subsidies (at $5/Watt)
Innovation for Our Energy Future Compare 98 $201 $215 $240 $246 $247 $253 $254 $259 $259 $266 $266 $271 $273 $275 $281 $284 $288 $291 $293 $298 $308 $311 $316 $318 $326 $354 $369 $371 $384 $393 $412 $418 $442 $460 $503 $521 $530 Heifer International Center - Platinum NVCI Cancer Research - Silver Kitsap County Admin Building - Other RSF Expansion - Total Construction Cost without PV - Platinum The Signature Centre - Platinum Great River Energy Headquarters - Platinum Ft. Carson Brigade/Battalion HQ - Gold RSF - Total Construction Cost without PV - Platinum International Fund for Animal Welfare - Gold Omega Center - Platinum Chevron Office - Other Bremerton BEQ - Certified University of Denver Sturm College - Gold RSF Expansion - Total Construction Cost with PV - Platinum Naval Facilities Southeast Engineering Operations Center- Other Ft. Lewis Barracks and Dinning - Silver RSF - Total Construction Cost with PV - Platinum RSF - Total Project Cost without PV - Platinum Dillard University - Gold EPA Region 8 Headquarters - Other Fernald Visitors Center - Platinum Commerce City Civic Center - Silver Leo Trombatore Office - Silver Arizona State University School of Journalism - Silver Arizona State University College of Nursing & Health - Gold Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City - Other Leprino Building - Other San Joaquin Admin Building - Gold 1800 Larimer - Platinum Las Cruces Courthouse - Other NASA Sustainability Base - Platinum Applied Research & Development - Platinum Aircraft RSF - Silver National Association of Realtors - Silver Fort Bragg Forces Command HQ - Gold San Joaquin Comm. College - Other DC Federal Building - Other Data used by permission from the Design-Build project database hosted by DBIA at www.dbia.org
Innovation for Our Energy Future • Firm fixed price with required energy goals in design- build contract • Integrated architecture and envelope as efficiency measures • Simple and commercially viable • No unique technologies required • Modular precast wall panels with minimal finishes • Optimized glazing area • Repeatable office floorplate • Takes a coordinated effort with the owner (and all user groups), architect, builder, and engineers 99 Replicable – Cost Control Review
Innovation for Our Energy Future How-to Guides for Cost Control Guide: – https://buildingdata.energy.gov/cbrd/resource/1655 – Discusses the recommended strategies – Pairs strategies with industry examples of success in ZEBs and other high-performance buildings where possible – Describes how to balance key decision-making factors – Provides quick reference tables to help building owners and project teams apply the recommended strategies to their projects. Fact sheet: – https://buildingdata.energy.gov/cbrd/resource/1654 – Highlights key ideas from the guide – Directs readers to the guide for more details.
Innovation for Our Energy Future Thanks and Questions Shanti Pless Shanti.pless@nrel.gov www.nrel.gov/rsf 101

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Research Support Facility: Three years of net zero operations, occupants, and analytics

  • 1. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Research Support Facility: Three Years of Net Zero Operations, Occupants and Analytics Shanti Pless Senior Research Engineer National Renewable Energy Laboratory CBE Industry Advisory Board October 8 2015
  • 2. Innovation for Our Energy Future Lets Review I have a new net zero energy building that meets the Executive Orders – now what? – Year 3 in our own net zero operations efforts in the Research Support Facility at NREL – Real Performance for Real Buildings
  • 3. Innovation for Our Energy Future Our Net Zero Effort
  • 4. Innovation for Our Energy Future NREL/DOE Research Support Facility Location: Golden, CO Primary Use: Office Size: 360,000 ft2 Occupants: Approximately 1,325 LEED Rating: Platinum Construction Cost: $254/ft2 Energy Budget: 35 kBtu/ft2/yr Site Net Zero Energy Goal: Offices, datacenter, and parking with on-site PV and campus wood chip boiler Utilize warranty and incentive program to ensure soft landing
  • 5. Innovation for Our Energy Future Zero Energy Building Operations Realities (data)
  • 6. Innovation for Our Energy Future First year at Net Zero!
  • 7. Innovation for Our Energy Futurehttp://www.nrel.gov/news/features/feature_detail.cfm/feature_id=11369
  • 8. Innovation for Our Energy Future Zero Energy Building Operations Realities (data)
  • 9. Innovation for Our Energy Future Zero Energy Building Operations Realities (data)
  • 10. Innovation for Our Energy Future Net Zero Site Energy Building Net Zero Source Energy Building Net Zero Energy Emissions Building Net Zero Energy Cost Building
  • 11. Innovation for Our Energy Future Current Zero Energy Building Drivers Organization Effort Type Definition Living Building Challenge certification Site energy Massachusetts task force Site energy California pilot program Source TDV energy University of California campus-wide initiative Emissions GSA Task force Source energy Federal Government Executive Order 13693 Source energy “… ensuring, beginning in fiscal year 2020 and thereafter, that all new construction of Federal buildings greater than 5,000 gross square feet that enters the planning process is designed to achieve energy net-zero and, where feasible, water or waste net-zero by fiscal year 2030; "net-zero energy building" means a building that is designed, constructed, or renovated and operated such that the actual annual source energy consumption is balanced by on-site renewable energy;
  • 12. Innovation for Our Energy Future12 http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/doe-releases-common-definition- zero-energy-buildings-campuses-and
  • 13. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 14. Innovation for Our Energy Future DOE / NREL: Client Haselden Construction: General Contractor RNL: Architecture, Interiors, Landscape, Lighting Stantec: MEP Engineering, Energy Modeling KL&A: Structural Engineering Martin/Martin: Civil Engineering AEC: LEED, Daylight Modeling, Commissioning Namaste Solar: Solar Consultant
  • 15. Innovation for Our Energy Future15 NREL: 2006 NREL PIX
  • 16. Innovation for Our Energy Future 220,00 SF Office Building Golden, CO Image courtesy of RNL
  • 17. Innovation for Our Energy Future 138,000 SF Office Building Golden, CO Image courtesy of RNL
  • 18. Innovation for Our Energy Future18 NREL: Today Used with Permission from Haselden
  • 19. Innovation for Our Energy Future NREL Campus Growth with Design-Build Procurement process attributes pre-2007: o Design-bid-build project delivery o LEED-driven sustainability goals Procurement process attributes post-2007: o Design-build project delivery with firm fixed price for >$400 Million of new facilities o Specific energy performance requirements in the Request for Proposal – RSF, office example: 35 kBtu/ft2/yr – SEB, guard house example: net zero energy o Energy modeling required to substantiate goals o Energy end-use metering requirement o Voluntary incentive ($) program to ensure measurement and verification outcome has a chance to meet predicted performance
  • 20. Innovation for Our Energy Future • Performance based design-build with absolute energy use requirements o These are NOT bridging documents. – Owner has significant input into the preliminary design – Some overlap of A/E costs o These ARE performance specifications. – What something must do, not what it must be – Subcontractor must substantiate that the design meets requirements – Owner must not give the subcontractor technical direction No drawings/plans in RFP! Don’t change your mind 20 Energy Performance Based Design-Build Process
  • 21. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 22. Innovation for Our Energy Future DOE/NREL Research Support Facility RFP Design/Build Requirements: 50% energy cost savings over ASHRAE 90.1 35.1 kBtu/ft2/yr Net zero energy use Performance assurance plan with incentives Design/Build Results: Net zero energy use 36.4 kBtu/ft2/yr in 2014 $259/sqft construction costs 22
  • 23. Innovation for Our Energy Future DOE/NREL RSF 3rd Wing RFP Design/Build Requirements: 27 kBtu/ft2/yr 50% Energy Cost Savings Performance assurance plan with incentives Design/Build Results: 20 kBtu/ft2/yr measured Demonstration of additional cost savings, energy efficiency, and schedule gains over phase 1 • 17% more efficient than the RSF • Cost savings of 5% ($14/ft2 cheaper) 23
  • 24. Innovation for Our Energy Future DOE/NREL 1800 Car Staff Parking Garage Design/Build Requirements: • 0.5 kBtu/ft2 • 175 kBtu/stall • Net-zero energy Site Entrance Building Design/Build Results: • 90% Energy savings • 138 kBtu/parking stall • $14,172 per parking space • $15,500 to $24,500 for typical parking space in Denver area
  • 25. Innovation for Our Energy Future DOE/NREL Cafeteria RFP Design/Build Requirements: • 35% energy cost savings over ASHRAE 90.1 • Best in class commercial kitchen equipment • Performance assurance plan with incentives • LEED Gold Design/Build Results: • 36% energy savings and Platinum • Demonstration of max efficiency in a commercial kitchen using energy performance based design/build delivery and procurement methods • Continuous improvement requirements in vendor contract to ensure performance assurance
  • 26. Innovation for Our Energy Future DOE/NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility Design/Build Requirements: 27 kBtu/ft2 Office wing 1.06 PUE Super computer • No mechanical cooling • Waste heat reuse 30% savings for all labs LEED Gold Design/Build Results: 26 kBtu/ft2 Office wing World class efficient super computer • 1.05 PUE 36% savings in labs LEED Platinum 26
  • 27. Innovation for Our Energy Future https://buildingdata.energy.gov/cbrd/energy_based_acquisition/
  • 28. Innovation for Our Energy Future Scale performance- based procurement 100 buildings three years This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), under Award Number DE-EE0007068. http://www.seventhwave.org/accelerateperformance
  • 29. Innovation for Our Energy Future Extended partnerships and stakeholder group forming now TEAM Seventhwave National Renewable Energy Laboratory Institute for Sustainable Energy UTILITY PARTNERS ComEd Eversource United Illuminating OWNER PARTNERS University of Chicago Lend Lease Photos courtesy of University of Chicago
  • 30. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 31. Innovation for Our Energy Future Energy Use Credit: Stantec Credit: Chad Lobato/NREL Space Heating 24% Space Cooling 3% Pumps 1% Ventilation Fans 5% Domestic Hot Water 3% Exterior Lights 0% Lights 6% Office Plug Loads 22% Task Lights 0% Data Center 35% Data Center Cooling 0% Data Center Fans 1% NREL RSF Energy Model Breakdown kBtu/ft2 kWh/m2 kWh/ft2 Cooling 0.46 1.46 0.14 Heating 9.68 30.52 2.84 Mechanical Systems 2.19 6.90 0.64 Lighting 2.83 8.92 0.83 Plug Loads 5.76 18.18 1.69 Data Center 14.43 45.53 4.23 Building Total 35.35 111.51 10.36
  • 32. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 33. Innovation for Our Energy Future33 •100% of the workstations are daylit •No employee more than 30 feet from a window Daylighting
  • 34. Innovation for Our Energy Future Daylighting: Glare Control A light redirecting device reflects sunlight to the ceiling, creating an indirect lighting effect. Fixed sunshades limit excess light and glare. Credit: RNL
  • 35. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 36. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. 6 watt task light 50 fc Ambient daylight Ambient lighting with daylight sensors for 25 fc
  • 37. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 38. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 39. Innovation for Our Energy Future RSF Addition Daylighting Enhancements
  • 40. Innovation for Our Energy Future Weekday Lighting Power Density Credit: Chad Lobato/NREL 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.23 0.25 0.28 0.30 0.33 0.35 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 PowerDensity(W/ft2) Time of Day Model Average October 2010 November 2010 December 2010 January 2011 February 2011 March 2011 April 2011 May 2011 June 2011 July 2011 August 2011 September 2011
  • 41. Innovation for Our Energy Future Heating 12.5% Cooling 9.5% Fans 2.8% Pumps 1.5% DHW 1.0% Lighting 28.0% Equipment 44.7% DOE Commercial Reference Building: Large Office, Boulder, CO
  • 42. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 43. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 44. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. MANAGER TRAINING NEWSLETTER MOVE MEETINGS STAFF OPEN HOUSE RSF EMAIL BOX WEB PAGE
  • 45. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 46. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 47. Innovation for Our Energy Future What is the occupant’s role?
  • 48. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 49. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 50. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 51. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 52. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 53. Innovation for Our Energy Future A Solution: Occupant Engaged A control philosophy for engaging occupants in high performance buildings operations as active users Requires occupant engagement to take a system from off to occupied state – Default mode is maximum efficiency mode • off or setback – No automatic ON – Occupant engages control to turn on if service needed • Intelligence to turn off or go to unoccupied state if occupant “forgets” to turn off – MUST have simple local occupant engagement interface • On/off switches the best
  • 54. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 55. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 56. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 57. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 58. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 59. Innovation for Our Energy Future Occupant Education? MUST have simple occupant engagement controls! • You have light switches- you can use them • If you open a window – close it • If you are stuffy- open your window • If you have a local glare issue, turn on your electrochromics • Turn on your power strip in the morning Occupants have to and will “figure it out” Adaptive lighting comfort – Actual office lighting levels measured before occupants engage to turn on open office ambient lights are 10 FC and below – 70% savings over occupancy sensor in daylit break rooms
  • 60. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 61. Innovation for Our Energy Future • Thermal comfort reporting – Air and Radiant temperature – Air speed – Humidity • Window operation
  • 62. Innovation for Our Energy Future • Initial survey consisted of 65 questions based on LEED requirements • The app may be used to disseminate other surveys in the RSF or in other buildings across the NREL campus
  • 63. Innovation for Our Energy Future PRODUCTIVITY Please estimate how your productivity is increased or decreased by the environmental conditions in this building (e.g., thermal, lighting, acoustics, cleanliness): 76% of the respondents felt that their productivity was improved by the IEQ conditions in the building Credit: CBE (Gail Brager and Margaret Pigman)
  • 64. Innovation for Our Energy Future Database LEED NREL Mixed-Mode Naturally Ventilated Legend Mean value -0.13 0.40 0.92 0.32 1.43 RSF TEMPERATURE Credit: CBE (Gail Brager and Margaret Pigman)
  • 65. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. NOISE LEVEL / PRIVACY
  • 66. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. PINK NOISE
  • 67. Innovation for Our Energy Future EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION
  • 68. Innovation for Our Energy Future HVAC Systems •Radiant ceiling space heating and cooling in open offices •Dedicated outdoor air with underfloor delivery •Displacement cooling in conference rooms •Natural ventilation • Automatic and manual windows • Security waiver
  • 69. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 70. Innovation for Our Energy Future70 Natural Ventilation • During mild weather, operable windows allow for natural ventilation and economizer. • Automatic windows are controlled and operated primarily to support nighttime precooling. • Occupants are notified when conditions allow for manual windows to be opened.
  • 71. Innovation for Our Energy Future User Friendly Windows
  • 72. Innovation for Our Energy Future
  • 73. Innovation for Our Energy Future Construction Innovation 73 5 days per deck allowed – 2 days per deck – 85% faster Offsite pre-fab of zones Offsite pre-pressurized
  • 74. Innovation for Our Energy Future Effective Visualization? What does this tell us?
  • 75. Innovation for Our Energy Future Building Agent Dashboard Graphic Design: Marjorie Schott, NREL What about this?
  • 76. Innovation for Our Energy Future On Track Today (07:00 MST 10/8/15)
  • 77. Innovation for Our Energy Future Creating Expectations 77 Upper Expectation Measured Performance Lower Expectation Expectations combine statistical and physical energy models
  • 78. Innovation for Our Energy Future Modeling Consumption Vertical Irradiance (W/m2) LPD(W/m2) Statistical Models Lighting Physical Models PV Generation Combined Models Plug Loads Henze, G.P.; Pless, S.; Petersen, A.; Long, N.; Scambos, T. (2015). “Control limits for building energy end use based on frequency analysis and quantile regression." Energy Efficiency, published online. DOI: 10.1007/s12053-015-9342-6
  • 79. Innovation for Our Energy Future Fault Detection Example: Daylighting Lighting higher than expected Lighting out of range despite full daylighting potential Root Cause: Daylighting controls overridden during repair of ballast and fixtures; controls weren’t reset 6-Nov-20136-Nov-2013
  • 80. Innovation for Our Energy Future Fault Detection Example: Lighting Controls Lighting load is too high in evening hours (6–10 PM) Response: Reduce auto-off delays; staff outreach; lessons learned for future lighting system design Multiple Causes: Cleaning staff, individuals working late 1-Jan-2014 5-Apr-2014
  • 81. Innovation for Our Energy Future Fault Detection Example: Air Handler Solution: Installation of new evaporative cooling unit to meet local demand, enabling the AHU to turn off at night Problem: Large AHU on all night: manually overridden to provide air and cooling to a few night shift security employees 16-Aug-2013 7-Oct-2013
  • 82. Innovation for Our Energy Future Fault Detection Example: PV Inverter Offline PV output too low. Why? Time series suggests inverter outage; offline inverter confirmed via vendor web portal and repair dispatched 20-Mar-2015 20-Mar-2015
  • 83. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Photovoltaic System
  • 84. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 85. Innovation for Our Energy Future Photovoltaics •PV contractor involved with installation •Installation technique improvements •Standing Seam Roof C-Wing PV RSF Addition PV RSF PV
  • 86. Innovation for Our Energy Future86 Production Tracking
  • 87. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 88. Innovation for Our Energy FutureHOT AISLES Image courtesy Stantec
  • 89. Innovation for Our Energy Future Operational Lessons- Datacenter 89 •Fully containing hot aisle difficult • Custom aisle floor and door seals • Ensure equipment designed for cold aisle containment • And installed to pull cold air – Not hot air… •Have run ~1.1-1.35 PUE •A few hot spots were driving up PUE •Summer time PUE of 1.35 because of increased cooling Control hot aisle based on return temperature of ~90F NREL/PIX17897 Credit:MarjorieSchott/NREL
  • 90. Innovation for Our Energy Future Data Center load goes down? 90
  • 91. Innovation for Our Energy Future Fix PV faults as soon as they are found – 12% improvements possible Continued datacenter metric tracking – 1.15 PUE and total 120 kW goals Lighting controls commissioning – Occupancy sensors, daylighting set points Wood chip boiler controls improvements – Over 50% natural gas savings planned Additional PV planned More thin clients All while trying to fit in another 100 occupants… 91 Plan to return to net positive
  • 92. Innovation for Our Energy Future Uncontrolled Load Profile for a Zero Office Building -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 HourlyElectricityUse(+)andProduction(-)(kW) Car Charging Total cooling Total Lighting (kW) Total Plug Loads (kW) Total Mechanical (kW) Total Data Center (kW) PV (kW) Net Building Utility Draw (kW)
  • 93. Innovation for Our Energy Future The Solution: Grid-Friendly, Islandable Net Zero Vision 1. Net zero with deep energy efficiency moving into marketplace now 2. Leverage net zero and efficiency for active load shape management • Inherent capacitance of building systems 3. Add stationary electric and thermal storage for peak demand management • Storage as a service 4. Add islanding capabilities and controls that utilize net zero and grid friendly hardware Renewable Building-Scale Microgrid
  • 94. Innovation for Our Energy Future94 100% Renewable, Grid Friendly, AND Energy Secure
  • 95. Innovation for Our Energy Future High Performance Building Operators Owners/Operators Jim Dewey, City of Santa Barbara John Elliott, UC Merced Matt Ellis, Army Jake Gedvilas, NREL Rodney Martin, NASA Scott Poll, NASA Len Pettis, California State University Kevin Rodgers, University of Chicago Jason Sielcken, GSA Darrell Smith, Microsoft Scott Williams, Target Designers and Energy Consultants Porus Antia, Stantec Matt Ganser, Carbon Lighthouse Rob Peña, University of Washington and the Integrated Design Laboratory Zack Rogers, Daylighting Innovations Phil Saieg, McKinstry
  • 96. Innovation for Our Energy Future Resources General HPB operations process linked by project phase • Present a storyline for all HPB operations key actions (above and beyond current practice) Unique sections for topics that create a base recipe that can be used by all HPB owners and building types Examples of unique lessons given to generate motivation and confidence to take action • Setting and requiring energy targets • Procuring an EIS • Procuring MELs • Datacenters • Occupancy and occupant feedback • Closing the loop with action plans https://buildingdata.energy.gov/cbrd/resource/1913
  • 97. Innovation for Our Energy Future How Much Did It Cost? 97 • $259/ft2 construction costs for site work, infrastructure, and building o Includes interiors, furniture, and cabling o Does not include PV, land, or design costs • $246/ft2 construction cost for third wing • Third-party-owned power purchase agreement for PV o $29/ft2 or 11% additional cost if NREL had purchased all PV without tax breaks or subsidies (at $5/Watt)
  • 98. Innovation for Our Energy Future Compare 98 $201 $215 $240 $246 $247 $253 $254 $259 $259 $266 $266 $271 $273 $275 $281 $284 $288 $291 $293 $298 $308 $311 $316 $318 $326 $354 $369 $371 $384 $393 $412 $418 $442 $460 $503 $521 $530 Heifer International Center - Platinum NVCI Cancer Research - Silver Kitsap County Admin Building - Other RSF Expansion - Total Construction Cost without PV - Platinum The Signature Centre - Platinum Great River Energy Headquarters - Platinum Ft. Carson Brigade/Battalion HQ - Gold RSF - Total Construction Cost without PV - Platinum International Fund for Animal Welfare - Gold Omega Center - Platinum Chevron Office - Other Bremerton BEQ - Certified University of Denver Sturm College - Gold RSF Expansion - Total Construction Cost with PV - Platinum Naval Facilities Southeast Engineering Operations Center- Other Ft. Lewis Barracks and Dinning - Silver RSF - Total Construction Cost with PV - Platinum RSF - Total Project Cost without PV - Platinum Dillard University - Gold EPA Region 8 Headquarters - Other Fernald Visitors Center - Platinum Commerce City Civic Center - Silver Leo Trombatore Office - Silver Arizona State University School of Journalism - Silver Arizona State University College of Nursing & Health - Gold Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City - Other Leprino Building - Other San Joaquin Admin Building - Gold 1800 Larimer - Platinum Las Cruces Courthouse - Other NASA Sustainability Base - Platinum Applied Research & Development - Platinum Aircraft RSF - Silver National Association of Realtors - Silver Fort Bragg Forces Command HQ - Gold San Joaquin Comm. College - Other DC Federal Building - Other Data used by permission from the Design-Build project database hosted by DBIA at www.dbia.org
  • 99. Innovation for Our Energy Future • Firm fixed price with required energy goals in design- build contract • Integrated architecture and envelope as efficiency measures • Simple and commercially viable • No unique technologies required • Modular precast wall panels with minimal finishes • Optimized glazing area • Repeatable office floorplate • Takes a coordinated effort with the owner (and all user groups), architect, builder, and engineers 99 Replicable – Cost Control Review
  • 100. Innovation for Our Energy Future How-to Guides for Cost Control Guide: – https://buildingdata.energy.gov/cbrd/resource/1655 – Discusses the recommended strategies – Pairs strategies with industry examples of success in ZEBs and other high-performance buildings where possible – Describes how to balance key decision-making factors – Provides quick reference tables to help building owners and project teams apply the recommended strategies to their projects. Fact sheet: – https://buildingdata.energy.gov/cbrd/resource/1654 – Highlights key ideas from the guide – Directs readers to the guide for more details.
  • 101. Innovation for Our Energy Future Thanks and Questions Shanti Pless Shanti.pless@nrel.gov www.nrel.gov/rsf 101