Reservation based s park system using embedded server and android application

IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug-2016, Available @ http://ijret.esatjournals.org 115
RESERVATION BASED S-PARK SYSTEM USING EMBEDDED
SERVER AND ANDROID APPLICATION
R. B. Dhumale1, Gaurav Kate2, Saprem Kulkarni3, N. D. Thombare4
1
Department of E & TC Engineering, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India
2
3
4
Abstract
Searching for a parking space in most metropolitan areas, especially during the rush hours, is difficult for car drivers. This
problem arises from not knowing where the available spaces may be at that time; even if known, many vehicles may pursue very
limited parking places to cause serious traffic congestion. In this project, we design and implement a prototype of smart parking
(S-Park) system that allows drivers to effectively search and reserve the available parking spaces using an android application.
By polling the parking status from the sensor networks deployed in parking lots, the reservation service is affected by the change
of parking status. The drivers are allowed to access this system application on their Android Smartphones. The proposed
reservation-based parking policy has the possibility to simplify the operations of parking systems, as well as minimize traffic
congestion caused by parking searching thus making the parking system two-way efficient, that is, cost wise and time wise.
Keywords: Smart Parking System, Android Application, Embedded Server, One Time Password.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Finding the parking space in metropolitan areas is now
becoming time inefficient. Due to mismanagement in the
parking places, it is difficult for drivers to find the parking
slot which outturns more traffic congestion and air pollution
by constantly wandering in certain area for available parking
place. Many parking systems are trying to reduce such
traffic congestion and improve convenience for car drivers.
There are some currently working parking guidance systems
which traces available parking space information from
deployed sensors and provide it to drivers[5]. However,
these systems are not helpful to guide the drivers to find the
proper parking slot in the parking place. When available
parking spaces are limited, and if more drivers are heading
towards these spaces, it will cause traffic congestion. Even
though driver reaches the parking area, there are certain
issues such as blind search [3] in finding the empty slots. It
causes not only wastage of money but wastage of fuel and
time also. To solve this problem, techniques like buffered
parking information sharing(BPIS) [3] are used. But
determining the number of buffered spaces is another
problem and it is difficult. If buffered spaces are less, there
is problem of “multiple-cars-chase-single-space”. If buffer is
large then that is inefficient utilizations of parking slots.
There are some systems like smart parking service based on
wireless sensor networks [1] which uses wireless sensors to
effectively find the available parking places. But to use this
system, additional hardware is needed to be installed in the
car which is not feasible. New Smart Parking System Based
on Resource Allocation and Reservations [2] has facility to
reserve the parking space for fixed amount of time.
However, if the driver is not following the timings as per
reservation it will cause inconvenience for others.
The solution proposed in this project works as when user
wants to park car in the legal parking, the user uses the
Android (S-PARK) application to check for available
parking slots [13]. The availability is updated by the server
when the user opens the Android application. If the slot is
available, then appropriate information is displayed on
screen.The user then enters the user name, payment mode
and payment details. These details are stored on the server
and an One Time Password (OTP) is generated, which is
then displayed on screen after payment is verified. This OTP
is then valid for a specific amount of time after which it
expires. The user when reaches the parking, is required to
enter the valid OTP on provided keypad and based on the
current availability of the parking slots, the available
parking slot is allocated.
The proposed solution provides an efficient method for
providing parking space to the user as they are allotted
specific and unique OTP (One Time Password) on
successful booking of parking slots from their mobile. This
eliminates the need of human intervention at the parking
space, as the user simply needs to enter the OTP at the
console provided at the entrance of the parking. Also the
provided OTP remains valid for a pre-defined amount of
time which eliminates the issue of the user booking the
space and not showing up which can result in under
utilization of the parking lot.
2. SURVEY
2.1 Literature Survey
The major focus of the technology being reviewed here is
Parking Assistance Information (PAI) System. It is known
that the first PAI system in the world was started in Aachen,

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Germany, in the early ‘70s. Ever since then, the technology
has been deployed effectively all across the globe. There are
a variety of sensor technologies like infrared, lasers,
machine vision, ultrasonic and inductive loops. The data
collected by the sensors is sent to a central computer for
processing.
Parking Guidance System (PGS) is state-of-the-art
technology brought to India by AutoPass India, in
collaboration with ST (Singapore Technologies) Electronics.
Some features include: Providing drivers with real-time &
accurate indication of available parking spaces, sensors
located at each parking space monitor the occupancy,
directional displays at each decision making junction,
motorist guided to available space via shortest route, LED
sign boards within lanes show the current occupancy.
Applying wireless technology, AKE Urban Parking
Guidance System, China acquired the whole city’s car
parking information and displays real-time parking
availability on dynamic guidance board at urban arterial
road. The real-time information can be checked on guidance
screen, mobile phone, vehicle navigator, website log-in and
AKE service application. Data calculation & analysis are
regularly done in the controlling system to show the
equipment operating status, space available ratio and the real
time parking information.
2.2 Component Survey
This section lists down the components used in the project
and its features:
2.2.1 Server
Fig 1 Raspberry Pi as a server
The server used in the system is Raspberry Pi. The
Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single-board
computers developed in England, United Kingdom by the
Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intent to promote the
teaching of basic computer science in schools and
developing countries. The model used is Raspberry Pi 2
Model B and its specifications include:
a. A 900MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 CPU
b. 1GB RAM
c. 4 USB ports
d. 40 GPIO pins
e. Full HDMI port
f. Ethernet port
g. Display interface (DSI)
h. Micro SD card slot
Raspberry Pi has been configured as a server where it takes
care of the requests from clients and serves them
accordingly.
2.2 Sensor
The presence of cars can be detected in two ways. One,
using proximity sensors and second, using camera based
machine vision technologies. A proximity sensor has been
used in the project so as to detect the presence of cars in the
respective parking slots. Infrared, lasers, ultrasonic and
inductive loops are some of options while considering
proximity based detection. Of the above mentioned options,
an ultrasonic sensorprovides a stable and accurate detection
of presence of cars at respective parking slots. HC-SR04
ultrasonic sensor has the following specifications:
a. Effectual angle (angle up to which the obstacle can be
detected): 15°
b. Ranging Distance: 1cm to 450 cm
c. Resolution: 0.3 cm
The large ranging distance helps to detect a wide range of
cars having varying ground clearances.
Fig 2 Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
2.3 Display
A display is used to interact with the user. The display is
used for displaying the parking slot ID that is allotted to the
user once the user has entered the OTP. Display can be
using seven segment LED or a LCD display. A 16 x 2 is
used in the project as the number of GPIO pins that are
required for an LCD display is much less than that required
for LED display. Specifications of the LCD are:
a. Display Format: 16 Character x 2
b. Data: 4-Bits or 8-Bits interface available
c. Display Font : 5 x 8 Dots
d. Power Supply: Single Power Supply (5V±10%)
Fig 3 LCD Display

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3. METHDOLOGY
In the system, the server sends the signals to the sensor
controller which checks for the availability using the
proximity sensors installed at each of the parking spaces.
Based on the status of these proximity sensors, the
occupancy and availability is updated on the server and
appropriate information is then shown to the user whenever
availability is checked on the android application. Now,
when the user wants to book a parking slot, and a slot is
available, payment method is chosen and payment details
are entered by the user. On authentication and verification of
the payment details, a space is booked on the server and a
One Time Password (OTP) is generated which is a unique
identification code for the user. That OTP is stored at both
sides, that is, at the user side (android application) and
server side. Now when the user reaches the parking slot, the
OTP is required to be entered on the console.
This entered OTP is then verified with respect to correctness
as well as reservation time limit and indicated to the user
appropriately. On verification, the server checks for the
available parking space and allocates it to the user and
displays the allotted slot’s location on the provided display.
After getting the location, the user parks the car and the
corresponding occupancy status is updated on the server
using the proximity sensors.
As seen from the Figure 4, the central controlling and
processing unit of the system is the server which performs
multiple functions such as interfacing with the console, that
is, display and keypad, connecting to the sensor controller to
update the status of the parking slots, that is, whether empty
or reserved or occupied and lastly as a server so as to
receive requests from the client side, that is, smart phone
connected to the network to check availability as well as
book parking slots. Server also checks for the correctness of
the entered OTP and gives the corresponding indication. The
sensors with sensor controller, at each of the parking slots
check for the occupancy of their parking spaces and give the
corresponding status to the server which then updates its
database. Then the smart phone on the user’s side is used to
check the availability status of the parking spaces at parking
lot and if available book a space. Each slot is provided with
ultrasonic sensor(HC SR-04) with 8-bit MCU(
microcontroller unit) and each MCU is connected to the
embedded server having TDMA type of multiplexing [4].
4. EXPERIMENTATION
Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR 04) is interfaced with the sensor
controller as shown in the Figure 2 below. The ultrasonic
sensor works on the principle of SONAR (Sound Navigation
and Ranging), that is, sending a pulse of ultrasonic waves of
frequency 44 kHz when a signal of pulse width more than
10 ms is applied at the trigger input of the ultrasonic sensor.
From an obstacle, the ultrasonic waves get reflected and are
sensed by ultrasonic sensor which in turn generates a pulse
at the Echo pin of the ultrasonic sensor. The width of this
pulse at the echo pin is measured in order to find the
distance.
Algorithm
1. Create Main Activity.
2. Create Book Activity and download the updated
availability file from the server and if available go to next
screen. If parking slot is not available then display the
appropriate message on screen.
3. Create Payment options Activity and select payment
mode and go to next screen.
4 .Create Payment details activity and accept details.
5. Generate OTP and send user’s name and OTP to the
server.
6. Save OTP on user’s mobile. Update the status of slot to
reserved.
7. When user reaches to parking, check the correctness of
OTP entered by user with respect to digits as well as
reservation timing.
8. If OTP is correct, then search the database for available
parking space and allot the available slot to user.
9. When user parks the car, turn the status to occupied.
Fig 4 Block Diagram of Smart Parking System
Fig 5 Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR 04) interfacing

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For interfacing Raspberry pi with sensor controllers a
resistor divider is used to convert 5V to 3V. for this we have
used resistors of 6k ohms and 10K ohms taking standard
commercial available values. 5.1k and 1k in series to make
6.1k ohm. Voltage at output of following circuit is
Vo=5*(10k/(6.1k+10k))=3.02V
5. RESULTS
The Android Application needs to connect to the network
using username and password as shown in figure 6, and then
request server to check for the availability and thus
download availability information from the server as shown
in Figure 7. The file is downloaded containing the current
availability of the parking slots using Http URL Connection.
If the available spaces are zero then, the “Book Now” button
is freezes.
Then on the Bookspace screen, the payment mode is
selected by the user, and followed by “Pay Now” button as
shown in figure 8. User has to select either of the payment
methods to continue. This is followed by Payment Activity
wherein the user needs to enter the payment details which
are then sent to the server as shown in figure 9. The final
screen in the application is the OTP generation screen where
on successful payment an OTP (One Time Password) is
generated which is sent to the server along with the user
details as shown in figure 10. The user then exits the App
using the “Exit” button.
6. CONCLUSION
Searching for a parking these days is a difficult task and
generally results in traffic congestion and loss of time and
fuel. This project aims at alleviating such difficulties of the
drivers by providing a reservation-based parking policy,
thus reducing their problems and making the process of
finding a parking place easier. This project provides a
solution for reservation based parking by keeping a specific
time limit for the cars to arrive to reserved parking. It also
avoids underutilization of the parking space. This project
also implements the online reservation application and
payment facility so that there is assured parking available
when driver reaches the parking. This system also provides
online information of whether the parking if full or empty.
Fig. 6. Login Screen Fig. 7. Availability screen
Fig. 8. Payment options Fig. 9. Payment details
Fig. 10. OTP generation screen
The Android application developed is user friendly as well
as found to be working on different android phones with
different screen resolutions.The application does not require
any other features except internet connectivity to run. This
system uses a wired network of sensors to connect to the
embedded server. This reduces overall cost of the system. It
eliminates the need of additional hardware and software to
be installed in cars. Ultrasonic sensors are used in this

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project to detect the cars in each parking slot. This provides
accurate as well as cost effective method to detect
occupancy of the slot. The microcontroller based interface
between server and sensors make the system reliable, robust,
cost effective, and extendible if number of slots needs to be
increased after installation. Since number of cars is
increasing at a high rate but parking space does not increase
to such an extent. There is need of such systems that require
very less infrastructure for existing parking spaces. The
future work is to provide the condition monitoring of
electronics and implementation of solar based system [6]-
[12].
REFERENCES
[1]. Jihoon Yang, Jorge Portilla and Teresa Riesgo, “Smart
Parking Service based on Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE
Magazine, Feb 2012, pp. 6029-6033.
[2]. Yanfeng Geng, “New Smart Parking System Based on
ResourceAllocation and Reservations”, IEEE Transaction
on intelligent transportation systems, Vol. 14, Issue No. 3,
Sept 2013, pp. 1129-1138.
[3]. Hongwei Wang and Wenbo He, “A Reservation-based
Smart Parking System”, The First International Workshop
on Cyber-Physical Networking Systems, University of
Nebraska-Lincoln, USA, Mar 2011, pp. 701-705.
[4]. Behrouz Forouzan, “Data Communications and
Networking”, 4th edition, McGrawHill publications, India
2012, pp. 55-94.
[5]. Willie D. Jones ,”Parking 2.0 meters go high tech”,
IEEE Spectrum, December 2006, pp. 20.
[6]. R Khandebharad, R. B. Dhumale, S. S. Lokhande,
“Electrolytic Capacitor Online Failure Detection and Life
Prediction Methodology”, Int. J. Research in Engg. And
Techn., vol.4, Iss. 2, pp.636-641, Feb. 2015.
[7]. R Khandebharad, R. B. Dhumale, S. S. Lokhande,
“Online Failure Prediction of the Aluminum Electrolytic
Capacitor”, Int. J. Science and Research, vol.4, Iss. 6,
pp.2099-2102, June. 2015.
[8]. R. B. Dhumale, S. D. Lokhande, N. D. Thombare, M. P.
Ghatule, “Fault Detection and Diagnosis of High Speed
Switching Devices in Power Converter”, Int. J. Research in
Engg. And Techn., vol.4, Iss. 2, pp.636- 641, Feb. 2015.
[9]. M. R. Ubale, R. B. Dhumale, V. V. Dixit, S. D.
Lokhande,“ Open Switch Fault Diagnosis Method in Three
Phase Inverter”, in Proc. National Conference on Latest
Trends in Electronics and Telecommunication, Sinhgad
College of engineering,Pune, Oct. 2013, pp- 28.
[10]. M. R Ubale, R. B. Dhumale, S. D. Lokhande, “Method
of Open Switch Fault Detection in Three Phase Inverter
sing Artificial Neural Network”, Int. J. Research in Science
and Advance Technology, Vol. 3, Iss. 3, PP 78-82, June
2014.
[11]. Lalit Patil, R. B. Dhumale, S. D. Lokhande, “Fault
Detection and Diagnosis Technique for Power Inverter using
Discrete Wavelet Transform”, Int. J. Electronics Circuits
and systems, Vol. 3, Iss. 2, pp 174-178, June 2014.
[12]. C. Ugale , R. B. Dhumale , V. V. Dixit, “ DC-DC
Converter for Solar Energy Harvesting using PID
Controller”, Int. J. Engineering Applications and
Technology, Vol. 1, Iss. 13, pp 132-136, July 2015.
[13]. Gaurav Kate, Kaustubh Dave, Saprem Kulkarni,
“Android Application for S-PARK System”, International
Journal of Research in engineering and Technology, Vol. 3,
Iss. 1, pp 107-110, Oct 2015.

Reservation based s park system using embedded server and android application

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