Resource & development ppt
- 2. Mr. Mukund B. Ingle
- 3. Naturally Available Satisfy Human Needs Technologically Accessible Economically Feasible Culturally Acceptable Resources are a function of human activities Ex. Everything we use in our day to day life, processed and manufactured by us
- 4. On the basis of Origin- ▪ Biotic: All living things come this category. ▪ A biotic: All non-living things come in this category
- 5. On the basis of Exhaustibility- ▪ Renewable: Resources that can be reused, recycled and reproduced ▪ Non-renewable: Resources that take long geological time for to be generated
- 6. On the basis of Ownership- ▪ Individual: Owned by individuals or privately. ▪ Community: Have access to all members of the community ▪ National: Resources belong to nation. ( Even 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) of sea water from the coast (territorial water) ▪ International:The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles. (EEZ) Ex. Manganese from Indian ocean.
- 7. On the basis of the status of development- ▪ Potential: Found in the region but not yet utilized ▪ Developed: Surveyed and determined for utilization. ▪ Stock: Has potential to satisfy the need but human beings don’t know the appropriate technology to access. ▪ Reserves: Can be used but kept for the future need.
- 8. Challenges created due to the over use of resources ▪ Depletion of resources ▪ Society is divided into haves and have-nots ▪ Ecological crises i.e. Ozone depletion, GlobalWarming etc.
- 9. No need to compromise present development Need to protect environment Resources should be kept for future Sustainable Development is important because: 1) Many of the resources are non- renewable and exhaustible. Over exploitation of these resources will affect the needs of our future generations. 2) Environmental pollution has become a major threat to the survival of human beings
- 10. In June 1992, at Rio de Janeiro – 100 countries – Leaders signed the ‘Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity – Endorsed the Global Forest Principles and adoptedAgenda 21 Agenda 21: Signed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) – Aim for sustainable development – Agreed to fight environmental change, poverty, diseases – Local govt. should have their own Agenda 21
- 11. Resource Planning: Strategy for judicious use of resources It’s important for India as it has diversity in the availability of resources Resource Planning for India: Identification and inventory of resources Evolving a planning structure Matching resource development plans with national development
- 12. “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed” Over-utilization led to socio-economic and environmental problems Greedy and selfish exploitation is at the root cause of resource depletion
- 13. 43% of India’s land area is plain.This region is good for agriculture and industry. 30% of the land area is mountains.This region is rich in water resources. Plateaus occupy 27% of the land area.This region is rich in minerals, fossil fuels and forest. India LandTypes Plains Mountain Plateau
- 14. Land Utilization: Agriculture (Net Sown Area) Forest Non-cultivation land (pastures, waste land etc.) Land not available for cultivation (buildings, roads, factories etc) Fallow land
- 15. 93% land’s information in available due to POK and COK More than 54% of land is under cultivation States with 80% land under cultivation - Punjab and Haryana States with less than 10% of land under cultivation – Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman Nicobar Island 33% of land should be covered with forest but it’s less than that
- 16. LAND DEGRADATION Mining Deforestation Overgrazing Over- irrigation Industrial Effluents Land Erosion CAUSES & DEGRADED LAND Degraded Land – 130 million hect. 28% forest 56% water 10% wind 6% saline land
- 17. GULLY EROSION Water runs and cuts deep channels in the soil SHEET EROSION Water runs and cuts the entire layer of the soil
- 18. ▪ A forestation ▪ Proper management of grazing ▪ Stabilization of sand dunes ▪ Proper management ofWaste land ▪ Proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and waste ▪ Contour Ploughing ▪ Terrace Farming ▪ Strip Cropping ▪ Shelter Belts
- 19. Type of a parent rock Temperature Rainfall/ Running Water Wind and Glacier Activities of Decomposers Human Activities Vegetation
- 20. ▪ Formed by the depositional work of the river ▪ Found in most of the river basin ▪ As we move with the river, size of the particles vary and categorized according to that. ▪ According to age it’s divided into two types: ▪ 1. Bangar(Old) 2. Khadar(New) ▪ Bangar: More kanker nodules – Less fertile ▪ Khadar: More fine particles – More fertile ▪ Contain – Potash, phosphoric acid, lime ▪ Ideal for sugarcane, paddy, wheat etc
- 21. ▪ Also known as regur and black cotton soil ▪ Made of Basalt rock that is made up lava flows ▪ Features: ▪ Capacity to hold moisture ▪ Rich in calcium-carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime ▪ Develop deep crack in summer ▪ Soil is sticky when wet ▪ States: MS, Saurashtra, MP etc
- 22. RED AND YELLOW SOIL ▪ Developed from crystalline igneous rocks ▪ Area with low rainfall ▪ Gets it red colour due to diffusion of iron in it. ▪ Gets it yellow colour when it occurs in a hydrated form LATERITE SOIL ▪ Word derived from ‘later’ means brick ▪ Areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall ▪ Humus contain is low ▪ Good for tea, coffee and cashew nut
- 23. ARID SOIL ▪ Red or brown in colour ▪ Sandy in texture and saline in nature ▪ Found in the areas with high temperature and very low rainfall ▪ High kankar proportion FOREST SOIL ▪ Found in hilly and mountainous areas ▪ Loamy and silty in slopes and coarse in upper slopes ▪ Acidic with low humus content ▪ It’s fertile in lower parts of the valleys
- 24. THANK YOU