resource and development (1).pptx by Darshita Singh
- 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Development of resource 01 Land as resource 03 Classification of soils 05 02 Soil as resource 04 Soil erosion and conservation 06 Resource planning
- 3. resource Everything available in our environment that can be used to satisfy our needs, which is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as resource. development The process in which someone or something grows and becomes more advanced
- 4. Resource Origin Exhaustibility Ownership Status of development Biotic Abiotic Renewable Non Renewable Individual International Community National Potential Stock Developed Reserves
- 6. Development of resource There is a need for development of resource, as over utilization of resource by humans had led to many problems; Here are some of the main problems; ● Resources are depleted for satisfying the greed of few individuals ● The accumulation of resource divided the society into rich and poor. ● Over utilization of resource led to global ecologist crisis; example’ global warming, ozone layer depletion environmental pollution and land degradation.
- 7. Sustainable development Sustainable economic development means development should take plane without damaging the environment, and development in the present should be not compromise with the need of future generation.
- 8. The first international earth summit was held in Rio De Janeiro in June 1992. the summit addressed the problem of environmental protection and socio economic development. Leader of more than 100 countries signed the declaration on global climatic change and biological diversity. It is a declaration signed at the United nation conference on environment and development. In 1992 at Rio de Janeiro. Brazil It aims to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global co- operation, etc. it also aims that every local government should draw its own local agenda 21. Rio de Janeiro Agenda 21 Agenda 21
- 10. What is resource planning Resource planning refers to the strategy adopted for judicious use of available resource.
- 11. Resourse planning in india In India resource planning is very important because more regions are rich in resource while some are deficient. There is shortage of vital resources in some areas while some areas are self sufficient in resources Some examples are; States like Jharkhand, Chhatisgardh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in coal and minerals, but lack tecnological and institutional support. Arunachal Pradesh has abundunt water resource, but lacks in infrastucture development. The cold desert of Ladakh lacks natural resource, although it has rich cultural heritage.
- 12. Process of resource planning in India The complex process of recource planning in India are; ● Identification and inventory of resources across the region of a country ● Planning for resource development using appropriate skill, technology and institutional ● Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans. India followed the policy of resource planning from the very first five year plans rightly after the independence.
- 13. Conservation of resource Some views and events that contributed to conserve the resource are; ● Gandhiji viewed that there is enough resources of everybody’s need but not for anybody’s greed. He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with production by the masses. ● At the international level, resource conservation was advocated for the first time in 1968 at club of Rome ● In 1974, Schumacher in his book small is beautiful accepted Gandhian philosophy of resource conservation. ● In 1987, Brundtland Commission Report, extensively mentioned the necessity of resource conservation. It also advocated the concept of Sustainable development which was subsequently published in book title Our Common Future
- 14. ● Rich natural resources of colonies were the main attraction for foreign invaders. ● Technological development of the colonising country helped them to exploit resource of the colonised regions. ● India has experienced by colonisation that the availability of resource are needed for proper development. Resources and colonisation Coal mine
- 15. Land resource 03
- 16. Land resource Land is a very important natural resource as it supports natural vegetation, wildlife, human life, various economic activities, transport and communication systems, etc. Land limited so, it needs to be used with careful planning.
- 17. ● 43 per cent plain land area land area for agriculture and industry ● 27 per cent plateaus which is source of minerals, fossil fuels and forests ● 30 per cent mountains which provide perennial river water and sites for tourism and ecological aspects. India’s geographical area India’s geographical area
- 18. Land utilisation i) Forests ii) Land not available for cultivation; a)Barren and waste land b) Land put to non agricultural uses, example building, roads, factories, etc. iii) Other uncultivated land a)Permanent pastures and grazing land b) Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves (not included in net sown area) c) Culturable waste land (left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years) iv) Fallow land(land left uncultivated for one or less than agricultural years) a)Current fallow (or less than 1 year) b) Other than current fallow (land not cultivated for the past 1 and 5 agricultural) v) Net Sown Area are sown with crops a) Gross cropped area which include the area sown more than once in an agricultural year and the net sown area.
- 19. Factors on basis of land is divided Physical factors ; these include climate , soil type, topography etc. Human factors ; population density, cultures, traditions, technological capability, etc. Total geographical area of India is 3.28 million In India land use data is only available only 93 per cent of total area. Net sown area in different states The pattern of Net sown Area varies widely between different states. It is over 80 percent in Punjab and Haryana due to intensive agricultural facilities It is less the 10 percent in Arunachal, Manipur, Mizoram , Andaman and Nicobar islands.
- 20. Land use pattern in India Between 1960- 61 and 2014- 15, major changes took place in land use pattern which were as follows. Area under forests is far less than 33 percent, which is necessary for maintenance of the ecological balance as per the National Forest Policy of 1952. The land under permanent pastures is very low and still decreasing. Most of th other than current fallow land are of poor quality or cost of cultivation of such land is very high. These land are cultivated once or twice in about two to three years and if these are included in the net sown area, then NSA becomes 54 percent.
- 21. Land degradation ● Deforestation, overgrazing and quarrying operations. ● Erosion of land ● Due to mining deep scars are seen. ● Mineral processing. ● Industrial effluents Erosion Industrial effluents Deforestation
- 22. Conservation Afforestation and proper management of grazing lands. Discharge and disposal of industrial wastes after treatment. Control over mining activities. Planting of shelter belts of trees in arid areas. Control on overgrazing Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes Managing waste lands Afforestation
- 23. Soil as a resource 04
- 24. ● Soil is living system and supports different types of living organism ● The important factors in the soil formation are relief, parental rock and bed rock, climate, vegetation and forms of life. ● Forces of nature such as temperature, running of wate, wind and glaciers, activity of decomposers etc also contribute to soil formation. ● Soil consists of both inorganic and organic. Soil as resource Soils
- 25. ● Found in river valley of northern plains ● Made up of clay sand and silt. ● Rich in nutrients like potash, phosphoric, and lime ● God for crops like paddy wheat, sugarcane and other cereals. ● Common in Duars, Chos and Terai. ● Bhangar and Khadar is also found. Alluvial soil Alluvial soil
- 27. ● Found in decan traps. ● Made with extremely clayey material ● Rich in calcium, magnesium ● Poor in phosphoric content ● Form by volcanic eruption Black soil Black soil
- 29. ● Red in colour due to iron present. ● Form by igneous and metamorphic rocks, ● Present in low rainfall region ● It turn yellow when hydrated. ● Found in Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and southern parts. Red and yellow soil. Red and yellow soil
- 30. Red and yellow soil on map
- 31. ● Formed by high temperature and heavy rainfall. ● Heavy rainfall results in leaching. ● Forms by a Latin word later means brick. ● Found in Maharashtra Odisha and some par of western ghats. ● Deficient in plant nutrients. ● Coffee is grown by this soil. laterite soil Laterite soil
- 33. ● Saline in nature and red brown in colour. ● Lacks humas and moisture. ● Found in Rajasthani region. ● Kankars are found in lower horizon in soil. Arid soil Arid soil
- 34. Arid soil on map
- 35. ● It has loamy and silty texture. ● Found in lower parts of valley. forest soil Forest soil
- 38. Wind erosion Soil erosion is the removal of soil cover and washing out the top layer. These are divided into three; Water erosion Human cause Soil erosion and conservation • Afforestation • Contour and Terrace farming • Gully erosion • Bad land • Strip cropping • shelter belts
- 42. — Diane Dreher “Our greatest natural resources are our hearts and minds, together with those of the people around us".
- 43. Thank you Darshita Singh Class x a