Resourceful and protected Biometric Image Stenography using Discrete Wavelet Transform

International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 2014) http://ijirae.com
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© 2014, IJIRAE- All Rights Reserved Page -180
Resourceful and protected Biometric Image Stenography
using Discrete Wavelet Transform
PATIL S.T M.E. (Communication), Dr. Patil A.J (PRINCIPAL) Prof.Patil C.S
North Maharashtra University Department of E&TC H.O.D E&TC
SGD College of Engineering Jalgaon SGD College of Engineering, Jalgaon SGD College of Engineering, Jalgaon
Abstract— Steganography is the science of concealing the existence of data in another transmission intermediate It
does not return cryptography but rather boosts the security using its gloom features. As proposed method is Biometric
Steganography, here the Biometric feature used to implement Steganography is Skin tone region of images. Proposed
method introduces a new method of embedding covert data within the skin portion of the image of a person, as it is
not that much receptive to HVS (Human Visual System). in its place of embedding secret data anywhere in image, it
will be embedded in only skin tone region. This skin region provide superb secure location for data hiding. So, firstly
skin detection is performed in cover images and then Secret data embedding will be performed in DWT domain as
DWT gives better performance than DCT while compression. This biometric method of Steganography enhances
robustness than existing methods.
Keywords—Biometrics, Matlab, Skin Tone Detection, IDWT, Cropping PSNR, RGB Panel, MSE
I. INTRODUCTION
Steganography differ from cryptography in the sense that where cryptography focuses on keeping the contents of a
message secret, steganography focuses on keeping the life of a message secret . Steganography and cryptography are
both ways to protect information from unwanted parties but neither technology alone is perfect and can be compromised.
Once the presence of hidden information is revealed or even suspected, the purpose of steganography is partly overcome.
The strength of stenography can thus be amplified by combining it with cryptography. Two other technologies that are
closely related to steganography are watermarking and fingerprinting. The kind of information hidden in objects when
using watermarking is usually a signature to signify origin or ownership for the purpose of copyright protection. With
fingerprinting on the other hand, different, unique marks are embedded in distinct copies of the carrier object that are
supplied to different customers. This enables the logical property owner to identify customers who break their licensing
agreement by supplying the property to third party In steganography secret data is the data that the sender wishes to send
to the receiver. It can be audio, video, image, text file, or other data. They is represented as the stream of bits. This secret
data is hidden on the medium or cover or host. Medium of communication is also the image. In this paper secret data is
restricted to digital images. Cover image with secret data embedded is called Stego-Image.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Instead of embedding data anywhere in the image secret data is needed to be embedded in the skin region of the image.
For that input image is converted into an appropriate color space [1].Mainly two kinds of color spaces are suitable for
biometric operations. HSV (Hue, Saturation and Value) and YCbCr (Yellow, Chromatic Blue, Chromatic red) spaces.
For the skin color tone detection [7] a skin detector and a skin classifier was there. Skin detector converts the cover
image of RGB color space into appropriate color space. Skin classifier will classify pixels in the cover image to skin and
non skin pixels by defining a boundary. The skin detection algorithm produces a mask, which is simply a black and white
image. The black pixel values are 0 (false) and the white pixel values are 1 (true). For this paper HSV color space is
choose. For that first, the image in RGB was converted to HSV color space, because it is more related to human color
perception. Hue-saturation based color spaces were introduced when there was a need for the user to specify color
properties numerically. In HSV, responsible vales for skin detection are Hue & Saturation so extract the Hue and
Saturation dimensions into separate new variables (H & S). For skin detection threshold should be chosen as [H1, S1] &
[H2, S2]. A pixel is classified as skin pixel if the values [H, S] fall within the threshold. Threshold is predefined range
associated with the target skin pixel values. Most of the researchers determined threshold as h_range = [0, 0.11] and
s_range = [0.2, 0.7].
Fig gives overview of stenographic system with the basic steps involved .This section describes different techniques with
its types, advantages and disadvantages to give clear idea about specific techniques which have been selected for
proposed stenographic system like selection of cropping part from whole image ,selection of which wavelet
transform ,techniques for feature extraction etc. Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such
a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence of the message, a form of security
through obscurity.

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The word steganographyis of Greek origin and means "concealed writing "from the Greek words steganos (στεγανός)
meaning “covered or protected", and graphei (γραφή) meaning “writing". The first recorded use of the term was in
1499by Johannes Trithemius in his Steganographia, a treatiseon cryptography and steganography disguised as a bookon
magic.
Generally, messages will appear to be something else: images, articles, shopping lists, or some othercover text and,
classically, the hidden message may be ininvisible ink between the visible lines of a private letter.The advantage of
steganography over cryptography aloneis that messages do not attract attention to themselves
III BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig. skin tone detection
.Plainly visible encrypted messages—no matter how unbreakable will arouse suspicion, and may in themselves be
incriminating in countries where encryption is illegal. Therefore, whereas cryptography protects the contents of a
message, steganography can be said to protect both messages and communicating parties. can extract message without
having value of cropped region. In one of the high frequency sub band of DWT of the cover image To enhance the high
security feature secret images are dispersed within each band using a pseudorandom sequence and a session key. This
combined approach of using skin pixels and spread spectrum for embedding the secret images provides a high degree of
security. The stego image generated is of acceptable level of imperceptibility and distortion compared to the cover image.
Steganography is a way that no one apart from the intended recipient knows of the existence of the message; this is in
contrast to Cryptography, where the existence of the message itself is not disguised, but the meaning is
obscured."Steganography" is a Greek word and means ‘covered or hidden writing’. Its origins can be traced back to440
BC. Steganography has been widely used in historical times, especially before crypto graphical systems were developed.
Examples of historical usage include: Hidden messages in Wax tablets: In ancient Greece, people wrote messages on the
wood, and then covered it with wax so that it looked like an ordinary, unused, tablet. Hidden messages on messenger's
body: Also in ancient Greece. Herodotus tells the story of a message tattooed one slave's shaved head, covered by hair re
growth, and exposed by resaving. The message, if the story is true, carried a warning to Greece about Persian invasion
plans. Hidden messages on paper written in secure inks under other messages or on the blank parts of other
messages .During and after World War II, Espionage agents used microdots to send information back and forth. Since the
dots were typically extremely small -- the size of a period produced by a Typewriter (perhaps in a font with 10 or
12characters per inch) or even smaller --the stego text was whatever the dot was hidden within. If a letter or an address, it
was some alphabetic characters. If under postage Stamp, it was the presence of the stamp. The one-time pad is a
theoretically unbreakable cipher that produces cipher texts in distinguishable from random texts: only those who have the
private key can distinguish these cipher texts from any Other perfectly random texts. Thus, any perfectly random data can
be used as a cover text for a theoretically unbreakable steganography.
IV. RESULTS
Image Type Image Resolution DWT levels (Haar Transform)
After resizing(256x256)
2.jpg 320x400 LL =65x65
LL1=33x33
LL2=17x17
Image Type Image Resolution DWT levels MSE PSNR
2.jpg 320x400
(after resizing 256x256)
DWT1 (Haar) 0.0053 70.39
DWT1db 0.0041 71.53
DWT1db5 0.0041 71.98
DWT1db7 0.0043 71.83

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V. CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE
Digital Steganography is a fascinating scientific area which falls under the umbrella of security systems. In this
paper biometric steganography is presented that uses skin region of images in DWT domain for embedding secret data.
By embedding data in only certain region (here skin region) and not in whole image security is enhanced. Also image
cropping concept introduced, maintains security at respectable level since no one can extract message without having
value of cropped region. Features obtained from DWT coefficients are utilized for secret data embedding. This also
increases the quality of stego because secret messages are embedded in high frequency sub-bands which human eyes are
less sensitive to. According to simulation results, proposed approach provides fine image quality.
According to results I have concluded that for DWT level1 with Haar transform gives better extraction results
compare to daubeshian wavelets which decrasws certain amount of extraction coefficients’ which affects extracted logo
image. As well as optimized level of daubeshian is db5 after trail and error because for db7 psnr value will change.
REFERENCES
[1] Simon ClippingdaleMahitoFujii “Skin Region Extraction andPerson- independent” NHK (Japan Broadcasting
Corporation),Science & Technology Research Labs IEEE 2011.
[2] Anjali A. Shejul Prof. U.L Kulkarni “A DWT baseApproachfor Steganography Using Biometrics” International
Conferenceon Data Storages &Data engg,IEEE 2010.
[3] Johnson, N. F. and Jajodia, S.: Exploring Steganography:Seeing the Unseen. IEEE Computer, 31 (2): 26-34, Feb
1998.
[4] Johnson, N. F. and Jajodia, S.: “Exploring Steganography: Seeing the Unseen.” IEEE Computer, 31 (2): 26-34,
Feb 1998.
[5] Fridrich, J., Goljan, M. and Du, R.., (2001). “Reliable Detection of LSB Steganography in Grayscale and Color
Images.” Proceedings of ACM, Special Session on Multimedia Security and Watermarking, Ottawa, Canada,
October 5, 2001, pp. 27- 30.
[6] Po-Yueh Chen and Hung-Ju Lin “A DWT Based Approach for Image Steganography”, International Journal of
Applied Science and Engineering, 2006. 4, 3: 275-290.

Resourceful and protected Biometric Image Stenography using Discrete Wavelet Transform

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