Respiratory system moodle
- 1. Respiratory System Main function Transports GASES to and from the circulatory system
- 2. Parts of the Respiratory System
- 5. 3. Pharynx Cavity at the back of the mouth Epiglottis is located in the pharynx
- 6. 4. Epiglottis Thin flexible cartilage structure Guards the entrance to the larynx Prevents food material from entering the trachea during swallowing
- 7. 5. Larynx Voice box (Glottis) Contains vocal cords
- 8. 6. Trachea Cartilage rings Windpipe
- 9. 7. Bronchi Made of up of smooth muscle & cartilage
- 10. 8. Bronchioles Same structure and function as bronchi, BUT smaller
- 11. 9. Alveoli Air sacs Tiny pouches surrounded by capillaries where gases are exchanged
- 13. Cilia and Mucus Air filtered by cilia Warmed & moistened by mucus Lines the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
- 14. Trachea Cilia will move debris up to trachea opening where the material will end up in the esophagus & will be swallowed.
- 15. Breathing
- 16. Inspiration/Inhalation Diaphragm CONTRACTS – “Down” position Chest expands and enlarges Ribs are PUSHED UP and OUT Thoracic cavity INCREASES More pressure outside than inside the lungs Allow air INTO the lungs
- 17. Expiration/Exhalation Diaphragm RELAXES - “Up” position Chest relaxes Ribs ARE IN and DOWN Thoracic cavity DECREASES , therefore pushes air OUT of the lungs More pressure inside the lungs than outside of the lungs Air is pushed
- 22. Medulla oblongata Located in the brain stem Controls respiratory rate Detects CO 2 levels in the blood
- 23. Diaphragm Respiratory muscle Regulates breathing Changes the VOLUME of the thoracic cavity
- 24. Gas Exchange
- 25. Gas exchange External gas exchange between the ATMOSPHERE and the BLOOD Internal gas exchange Between the BLOOD/CAPILLARY and the CELLS.
- 27. General Process of Gas Exchange
- 30. Gas Transport
- 31. Oxygen A small amount of oxygen in gas form dissolves in the BLOOD Most oxygen is carried by HEMOGLOBIN Lungs: Hemoglobin picks up oxygen Hb + O 2 HbO 2 (oxyhemoglobin) Cells: Hemoglobin drops off oxygen HbO 2 Hb + O 2
- 32. Carbon dioxide A small amount of carbon dioxide in gas form dissolves in the BLOOD (8%) 25% - carried by the HEMOGLOBIN Lungs: Hemoglobin drops off carbon dioxide HbCO 2 Hb + CO 2 Cells: Hemoglobin picks up carbon dioxide Hb + CO 2 HbCO 2
- 33. Carbon Dioxide 67% converted to BICARBONATE ions which dissolve in the PLASMA Cells - Carbon dioxide gets picked up CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3 - carbonic acid bicarbonate ion Lungs - Carbon dioxide gets dropped off H + + HCO 3 - H 2 CO 3 CO 2 + H 2 O bicarbonate ion carbonic acid
- 34. CO 2 release to lungs
- 35. CO 2 pick up by RBC
- 36. Body and Breathing Activity
- 37. Bronchitis Inflammation of the air passages of the lungs Develops from a respiratory infection such as a cold Mucous lining become irritated/swollen Coughing is a reflex to clear secretions
- 38. Asthma Narrowing of the bronchi making breathing difficult Symptoms wheezing, difficulty breathing (particularly exhaling air), tightness in the chest Irritants Rapid changes in temperature or humidity, allergies, upper respiratory infections, exercise, stress, or smoke (cigarette)
- 40. Emphysema Damage to the tiny air sacs in your lungs (alveoli) Can cause you to feel short of breath Cigarette smoking is the major cause of emphysema, accounting for more than 80 percent of all cases
- 41. Carbon dioxide CO 2 produced by cellular respiration leaves the CELLS CO 2 enters the BLOOD VESSELS (veins) CO 2 enters the CAPILLARIES IN LUNGS CO 2 crosses the ALVEOLAR wall by DIFFUSION Exhale air
- 42. Oxygen Inhale O 2 O 2 crosses the ALVEOLAR wall by DIFFUSION O 2 enters the CAPILLARIES IN LUNGS O 2 enters the BLOOD VESSELS (arteries) O 2 travels to the CELLS to be used in cellular respiration
- 44. Transport of Gases in Blood Oxygen is mainly transported bound to hemoglobin though a small amount will dissolve in the blood Some carbon dioxide is transported bound to hemoglobin and some dissolves in plasma Most carbon dioxide molecules are transported in the form of bicarbonate ions Once in the lungs, the bicarbonate ions are converted back to carbon dioxide