REVIEW OF NFC BASED VOTING SYSTEM

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 73
REVIEW OF NFC BASED VOTING SYSTEM
Bhavin Patil1, Kriti Singh2, Nikhil Sankhe3, Mukeshkumar Mishra4
1,2,3 BE student, Dept. of Electrical Engg., VIVA Institute of Technology, Virar(E), Maharashtra, India
4Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engg., VIVA Institute of Technology, Virar(E), Maharashtra, India
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Abstract – An electronic voter casting mechanism is a
voting device where the vote statistics is collected,
safeguarded, and often structured as automated pieces of
data. As a part of the post-survey technique, the directing
officer collects the EVMs, tallying stations, and submits them to
the centre. The success of races depends largely on educated
populations and real citizens. Elections must be fair and
legally conducted; this requires a lot of money. Uncertainty
over the relationship between survey results and the real
judgement (decision) made by the general public. Traditional
elections involve a lot of manpower and a large number of
forces; ballot boxes are not secure or private. This paper
describes the various operation or technique used in smart
EVM using various components to improve the election process
by avoiding the electoral fraud and to ensure safety, reliability,
security, guarantee and transparency and smooth conduct of
elections in the country as the voting is of crucial importance
in the society where people determine its government. In this
describe about the Existing system which are present and
Components which are suitable for the system.
Key Words: NFC, IOT, EVM, Reader, Election, Voting.
1. INTRODUCTION
India’s general elections with 814 million eligible voters
broaden the vision of all conducting equitable Elections
neutralizing malevolent tendencies. Due to a result of
rampant corruption in this exercise, the People have been
raising dubious eyebrows about it and the general
expression has prevailed that the Democratic system has
proved to be a boon only to a handbreadth of people having
capital. The success of Elections largely relies upon
enlightened masses, scrupulous citizens. The common
populace relapses in Indolence after the elections are over.
On 9th Nov2015, the former Chief Election Commission of
India SY Quraishi stated that – “Booth capturing and other
poll violations are history”. The Election Commission Has
taken measures through vulnerability mappings to endeavor
smooth elections. During the polls, several Paramilitary
forces are employed across India, surveillance cameras are
placed at the polling stations. Despite all these efforts, the
coverage headlines reveal events different as chalk and
cheese. During the 2014 General Elections in India, there
were reports allegedly indulged in booth-capturing, proxy
voting, Missing names from the voter’s list, voter turnout
being greater than 100%. In Assam, miscreant polling
Officers were arrested after being caught in rigging exercises
and booth capturing. In Nagaland more than 40booths, the
voter turnout was more than 100%. In Haryana, Orissa, and
Maharashtra, there was a report On missing names from the
voter’s list i.e. approximately 6 million. In the recent past,
Bihar was related to The employment of manpower in
elections for malicious frauds, but now cash inundates to lure
voters. SY Quraishi has mentioned the use of currency in his
book “Undocumented Wonder- the Making of Great Indian
Elections” where he highlighted that politicians camouflage
the use of black money to increase Votes.
Also on Jan 28, 2015, in Chhattisgarh Panchayat polls, 50% of
the candidate selected unopposed as The rebels looted ballot
boxes from around 30 booths. There is a need to curb such
menace and the evil of Corruption to secure a voting ambiance
that the people can entrust. Also, the technology used should
be Solved to be able to contemplate supporting every citizen’s
need.
Today’s world is democratic world, voting is pillar of
construction of society. Traditionally voting is using manual
format. Voter faces so many problems like voting, voting booth
is far from home, standing in queue etc. Elections are the
fundamental function in every democratic country, which is
being governed by the people expressing their choices and
opinions in the form of voting. Electronic Voting Machine
(EVM) is a gadget that is utilized to check and recorded votes.
Now a day’s people are astonished by watching results in
Elections. People are opposed to doing it physically utilizing
human asset to record and tally votes. The various issues
related with direct counting of votes that it burdensome,
erroneous and repetitive. As voting is a sensitive trouble,
mismanagement can result in issues as huge and complex as
political unrest. To overcome this problem, we’re going to
propose the model.
2. EXISTING SYSTEM
The earlier suggested approach is a two-part system that
combines website voting and SMS voting system. The voter
may choose between the two options based on their
preference. Another System has, an RFID reader module is
utilised. Which detects RFID tags with distinctive identities.
RFID tags are given out with unique identifiers for various
candidates running for office. An RFID Interface between the
module and the Arduino controller to tally and save the cast
votes. Display device is used to show the voter the candidate’s

name and the vote they have cast. In chronological order to
complete the voting and show the outcomes there is a
dedicated RFID tag that is separate that will in the care of the
responsible Officer .LED and Buzzer are both used to signal
cast votes. The use of a switch has avoided multiple Voting.
And another module focused on the use of RFID and
fingerprint technologies in smart voting systems. Voter
information is stored using RFID tags, and each user receives
a voter ID using this method. The hardware proposal
includes a thumbprint scanning sensor that compares the
user’s finger print to the user’s previously stored finger
print. Both of a voter’s fingers are scanned during the voting
checked for matching, and if not, a buzzer is used to sound an
alert. Keypad is employed in the selection procedure. LCD is
used to show the user the relevant data for each key. As a
result, it is impossible to cast a false vote because finger
exceptional for every individual. Only when the thumb print
matches the recorded value is the voting procedure carried
out. As soon as the fingerprint scanner is when a user is
prepared to vote, a TFT display shows the user’s readiness.
The most popular research tools during the previous year
included NFC, RFID module, GSM modems, keyboard
interfaces, microcontrollers, and processors. In this paper, an
unique voting procedure is covered in which the voter
identity card’s RFID tag communicates with the voting
machine. A controller looks at the voter’s identification when
the voter scans his card. If the two match, the controller
creates an OTP and sends via the GSM module to the voter’s
mobile device.
It is unable to address every voter issue, and nobody is
making an effort to address issues with voter identification,
real-time vote counting, and the prevention of tampering and
fraudulent voting.
3. VARIOUS COMPONENT
3.1 Microprocessor
Single board computer called the Raspberry Pi is compact.
The Raspberry Pi may function as a little personal computer
by adding peripherals like a keyboard, mouse, and display to
it. Robotics applications, IoT-based applications, and real-
time image/video processing are all common uses for the
Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi is a computer that may offer all
the required features or abilities at a low power, albeit being
slower than a laptop or desktop. Raspbian OS built on Debian
is officially provided by Raspberry Pi Foundation.
Additionally, they offers NOOBS OS for the Raspberry Pi.
Many Third-Party OS versions, including Ubuntu, Archlinux,
RISC OS, Windows 10 IOT Core, etc., are available for
installation. The official operating system for Raspberry Pi is
free to use. This OS is effectively tuned for Raspberry Pi
usage.
3.2 Multiplexer
A network device known as a multiplexer (MUX) enables
one or more analogue or digital input signals to pass through a
single communications transmission connection
simultaneously. Multiplexing is a technique used to aggregate
and transmit signals across a single common media in order to
increase efficiency and lower communication costs. A MUX
essentially acts as a multiple-input, one-output switch that
enables the routing of several analogue and digital inputs
signals over a single output line. A separate device known as a
demultiplexer retrieves the actual individual signals at the
receiving end.
3.3 Microcontroller
An embedded system’s microcontroller is a small integrated
circuit that controls a single process. On a single chip, a typical
microcontroller has a CPU, memory, and input/output (I/O)
peripherals. Microcontrollers, also known as embedded
controllers or microcontroller units (MCU), can be found in a
variety of devices, including vending machines, robots, office
equipment, medical devices, and office machines. They are
essentially straightforward mini-personal computers (PCs)
without a complicated front-end operating system that are
used to operate minor aspects of bigger components (OS).
IOT platform NodeMCU is free source. Hardware based
upon this ESP-12 module and firmware that runs on Espressif
Systems’ ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC are also included. Instead of the
development kits, the name “NodeMCU” as default refers to a
firmware. Lua Is a scripting language used by the firmware.
Numerous open-source initiatives are utilised, including
SPIFFS and lua-cjson.
3.4 RFID
Internet-based automated identifying technology called
RFID. When data from RFID tags is digitally encoded, it may be
read by only a readers that works like a barcode and is then
saved in a system by the reader. The integrated circuit and
antenna are its two main components, and the tags are
shielded from the effects of the environment by protective
material. The most common types of RFID tags are passive,
active, and passive. It originated from the Automatic
Identification Capture (AIDC) technology, which is used to
map acquired data to computer systems and collect data. To
carry out AIDC functions, telecommunications and RFID utilise
radio waves.
3.5 NFC
Wireless technology known as Near - field communication
(NFC) is gaining popularity in the fleet sector. Short-range
communication is made possible via NFC between two
suitable devices, most often an NFC tag as well as smartphone
or tablet. NFC tags are tiny chips with data storage capabilities
that are frequently used in labels, stickers, and magnets. The

majority of smartphones and tablets can read NFC tags' data
at close distance (about four inches). NFC requires user
interaction because the typical working range is only 0.1
meters, making it very limited in its range of action. It is a
user-interactive technology, so in order for tasks like access
or payment to be completed, the user's special participation
is required.
4. COMPONENT BENEFITS AND DRAWBACK
Since microprocessor are more expensive than
microcontrollers, microcontrollers are utilised instead of
microprocessors. Additionally, the microcontroller utilised in
the system includes built-in Wi-Fi, making it suited for IOT
applications and affordable as well. When not in use, the
microcontroller employed in the system may operate in a
low power mode and sleep or hibernate to further minimise
power usage. It can operate continuously and continuously
around-the-clock without suffering any damage from heavy
use.
Multiple Microcontrollers are utilised since a sole
Microcontroller cannot manage many NFC Readers. Instead
of employing numerous Microcontrollers, one solution to
this is to use a multiplexer. However, since the users can tap
on every NFC Reader of his or her choosing, the Multiplexer
cannot be utilised in this situation since it will only read the
data through one NFC Reader at a time.
NFC has typical operating range is about 0.1 metres, NFC has
a very small field of effect. It is a user-interactive technology,
therefore in order for tasks like access or payment to be
completed, the user's particular participation is required.
Access control, public transit, mobile payments, and other
areas are greatly impacted by NFC technology. As an RFID
scanners can read a lot of tags simultaneously, which is
highly useful for warehouse inventory. The range of RFID is
hundreds of feet. Unlike NFC, which allows for two-way
communication, RFID normally only allows in one
communication (from of the tags to the reader).
More complicated data than only identifying information
may be stored via NFC. Up of about 4KB of data can be stored
on NFC tags. Numerous forms, including text, URLs, and
media, are possible for this data. The majority of recent
smartphones are equipped with NFC reading capabilities, in
contrast to RFID tags, which often require costly scanners to
retrieve data.Since customers can access data using only
their cellphones, deploying NFC tags becomes significantly
less expensive. When a tag or card is scanned, smartphones
may read and write data to it, receive extensive information,
start an app or URL, and communicate data amongst
themselves through NFC (peer-to-peer (P2P)
communications).
Therefore because of all benefits of microcontroller,
microcontroller are more benefical more than of
microprocessor and Mux. And because of all benefits of NFC ,
NFC are more benefical instead of RFID in voting system.
5. CONCLUSION
We arrived to a conclusion that every strategy or components
had a sizable downside by contrasting the many strategies
used on all this old system. With this in mind, we made the
decision to merge or use all of these strategies into a single,
simple system that would be durable in design and more
correct than the previously employed procedures. It could be
possible. The project is found to be quite helpful in resolving
the issues that arise during voting times.
REFERENCES
[1] Ezzaldeen Edwan, Fatma Shaheen, Asmaa Shaheen,
Asmaa Sarsour “Automated NFC-Based System for
Management and Tracking of Assets in Sharing Economy”
International Conference on Promising Electronic
Technologies (ICPET), 2019.
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[3] Vagdevi P., Divya Nagaraj, Golla Vara Prasad, “Home:
IOT Based Home Automation Using NFC” IEEE, 2017.
[4] Shaik Mazhar Hussain, Chandrashekar Ramaiah, Rolito
Asuncion, “An RFID based Smart EVM System for Reducing
Electoral Frauds” International Conference on Reliability,
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[10] Kerem Ok, Vedat Coskun, Mehmet N. Aydin ,”
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BIOGRAPHIES
Mr. Bhavin Patil.
Student of BE Electrical Engg.
VIVA Institute of technology, Virar,
Dist. Palghar, Maharashtra, India.
Mr. Kriti Singh.
Mr. Nikhil Sankhe.
Prof. Mukeshkumar Mishra.
Prof. of BE Electrical Engg.

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