RIRs and the Next Chapter of Internet Growth - from IPv4 to IPv6
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The document outlines the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, emphasizing the role of Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), particularly APNIC, in managing internet number resources. It highlights the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses and the necessity of adopting IPv6 due to its vastly larger address space, while also discussing initiatives for IPv6 readiness and deployment support in the Asia Pacific region. Additionally, APNIC offers training, funding, and policy development to facilitate this transition and improve internet infrastructure.
RIRs and the Next Chapter of Internet Growth - from IPv4 to IPv6
- 1. 1 RIRs and the Next Chapter of Internet Growth - from IPv4 to IPv6 Subha Shamarukh Internet Resource Analyst APNIC
- 2. 2 2 • A Network of Networks using standardized protocols – TCP/IP – HTTPS – IPv4 – IPv6 – DNS – BGP What is the Internet? 2
- 3. 3 3 What is an RIR? 3 • A Regional Internet Registry (RIR) manages the allocation and registration of Internet number resources in a particular region of the world and maintains a unique registry of all IP numbers issued. • Internet number resources include IP addresses (IPv4 and IPv6) and Autonomous System (AS) numbers.
- 4. 4 4 Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)
- 5. 5 Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC) “A global, open, stable and secure Internet that serves the entire Asia Pacific community” 5
- 6. 6 6 APNIC Service Region APNIC serves 56 economies in the Asia Pacific Region
- 7. 7 7 What else does APNIC do? • Delegate Internet Number Resources - IPv4, IPv6 and AS numbers • Maintain APNIC Whois Database • Provide Reverse DNS Delegation • Provide Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) • Facilitate Internet Policy development • Support Internet Development - APNIC Training, Capacity building, Outreach to technical community and network operator’s groups, Providing funding through APNIC Foundation, etc
- 8. 8 Where do IP addresses come from? ISP End user Standards Delegate Delegate Assignment
- 9. 9 9 What do IP addresses look like? • IPv4 – IPv4 uses a 32-bit address for its Internet addresses. – 220.247.144.0/22 – 220.247.144.0 • IPv6 – IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses for its Internet addresses. – 2001:0DD8:0006::/48 – 2001:0DB8:85A3:0042:1000:8A2E:0370:7334 • ASN – 2-byte 4777 (0 – 65535) – 4-byte 131076 (0 to 4294967295) IPv4, IPv6 and ASN are also known as Internet Number Resources.
- 10. 10 10 Why can’t we keep using IPv4? We’ve run out! IPv4 uses a 32-bit address for Internet addresses. It can provide support for 2^32 IP addresses in total around 4.29 billion. 10
- 11. 11 IPv4 Exhaustion • Delegated – 99.55% • Reserved – 0.04% • Available – 0.41% With IPv4 being close to depletion, the way forward is to transition to IPv6.
- 13. 13 13 How much IPv6 is there? • IPv4 uses a 32-bit address for its Internet addresses. This supports IP addresses in total around 4.29 billion. • IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses for its Internet addresses. This supports 340 trillion trillion trillion IP addresses. There are more IPv6 addresses than there are individual grains of sand on the planet! 13
- 19. 19 IPv6 End User Readiness - APNIC stats 39.9% in 2024 Source: https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6 17% in 2018 The World is 39.6% IPv6 Capable
- 20. 20 10 CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % IN 82.40% MY 72.62% FR 70.77% BE 67.82% DE 66.01% SA 65.60% VN 65.28% TW 61.16% IL 60.32% NP 60.12% JP 60.11% LK 58.77% UY 57.92% GR 55.60% FI 54.88% HU 54.49% US 54.29% AX 53.06% AE 52.92% MX 52.61% GT 50.94% TH 50.54% EE 50.19% BR 49.18% GB 48.79% DM 47.70% LU 47.42% BL 46.90% CH 44.84% AU 44.37% NL 44.12% MN 44.10% CA 44.09% PT 43.80% MS 43.35% GF 42.15% AT 41.04% CN 40.74% BT 39.94% PR 39.38% LI 38.90% PY 38.67% NO 36.45% World Average 39.6 % AI 35.94% NI 35.28% PE 34.75% QA 33.88% NZ 33.26% IE 33.01% FJ 32.43% SR 31.37% GP 31.26% MO 30.76% RO 30.54% SE 28.34% CZ 27.36% AR 25.39% KW 25.15% IR 24.92% PK 24.78% DO 24.68% EC 24.45% VU 24.38% SX 24.37% KR 24.22% MQ 24.03% TT 23.80% OM 23.53% TC 23.37% BM 23.30% BO 23.05% GY 22.47% CL 22.25% BH 22.20% BD 21.58% CG 21.21% SG 21.07% CO 20.96% PG 20.63% KE 19.76% MF 19.49% GA 18.90% PH 18.52% LV 18.44% JO 17.61% KZ 17.58% TN 17.27% BG 17.15% TO 17.02% IT 16.86% PL 16.53% ID 16.09% RW 15.84% BS 15.67% RE 15.44% LT 15.07% MD 14.63% VC 14.19% BB 14.18% TG 14.00% SN 13.55% SI 13.49% VG 13.37% BY 13.17% DK 13.07% RU 12.71% GE 12.60% LC 12.57% IS 12.45% AL 12.42% JM 12.35% IM 12.06% SV 11.71% CR 10.92% BF 10.53% UA 9.98% BA 9.97% HN 9.97% AO 9.24% ES 8.91% CY 8.66% MV 8.57% SK 8.50% MM 7.55% SB 6.96% ML 6.95% NC 6.92% RS 6.34% ZW 6.22% PA 6.15% CK 6.12% MW 6.10% CW 5.91% HK 5.40% FM 5.01% HR 4.89% AM 4.82% EG 4.56% GD 4.50% VI 4.25% TR 4.22% NG 4.03% UZ 3.41% BZ 3.24% CI 3.16% GU 3.10% VE 3.03% KG 2.53% ZA 2.51% CD 2.47% MG 2.31% ZM 2.26% NA 2.21% IO 2.19% HT 2.08% AF 1.87% SS 1.73% LY 1.60% MP 1.60% MZ 1.42% JE 1.28% WS 1.17% TZ 0.96%
- 21. 21 IPv6 End User Readiness by Region Region IPv6 Capable Asia 46.17% Americas 44.49% Oceania 39.70% Europe 33.91% Sub Region IPv6 Capable Southern Asia 68.51% Eastern Asia 41.97% South-Eastern Asia 31.65% The World is 39.6% IPv6 Capable
- 22. 22 22 IPv6 Transition Challenges • Compatibility with legacy IPv4 systems. • Infrastructure upgrades for IPv6. • End-user readiness. • Awareness and capacity building in technical communities.
- 23. 23 23 Getting IPv6 is One Click away • If you are an APNIC member and have IPv4 addresses, you can login to MyAPNIC and just “One Click” to automatically receive your IPv6 addresses. – If you have IPv4 allocation, you will receive a /32 IPv6 allocation – If you have IPv4 assignment, you will receive a /48 IPv6 assignment • If you are not an APNIC member, you can submit a membership and resource application via APNIC website – https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/get-ip-addresses-asn/
- 24. 24 Technical Support APNIC is ready to provide technical training and technical assistance for IPv6 deployment. • Operational trainings – Training at NOGs – Standalone workshops, online and onsite • Technical Assistance – Remote or F2F • Visit APNIC Academy website for upcoming trainings, workshops and free online courses. • Plan, prepare, deploy. Find your 10 step plan here: apnic.net/community/ipv6/
- 25. 25 25 APNIC Academy IPv6 Courses 25 • IPv6 Protocol Architecture &Address Planning • IPv6 Deployment Planning • IPv6 Transition Techniques • IPv6 Fundamentals • IPv6 Awareness • IPv6 464XLAT • BGP & IPv6 • Lab - IPv6 Routing • Lab - IPv6 Security • Lab - IPv6 Transition
- 28. 28 Financial Support • APNIC Foundation and the Information Society Innovation Fund (ISIF Asia) provides financial support. • The IPv6 Deployment Grants are part of the Infrastructure program. • They are targeted to support concrete IPv6 deployment plans from network operators in the Asia Pacific region. • The grants are open to all industry types and stakeholder groups and prioritize support to proposals that maximize community benefit. In particular those seeking funding to deploy IPv6 in unserved or underserved communities, in rural or remote areas. • The grants range between USD 30,000 and USD 250,000 • Keep an eye on the APNIC foundation website for announcements of grants for 2025. https://apnic.foundation/isif-asia/apply-for-funding
- 29. 29 29 APNIC Policy Development Proposal Conference Status prop-154: Resizing of IPv4 assignment for IXPs APNIC 57 Reached consensus; endorsed by EC; implementation underway prop-155: IPv6 PI assignment APNIC 56 Implemented prop-156: Assignment of temporary IP resources APNIC 57 Reached consensus; endorsed by EC; implementation underway prop-157: Temporary IPv4 transfers APNIC 57 APNIC 58 Sent back to the mailing list at APNIC 57 Proposal dropped prop-158: IPv6 auto-allocation for each IPv4 request APNIC 57 Sent back to the mailing list prop-159: Reduction of minimum IPv6 allocation size from /32 to /36 APNIC 58 Proposal abandoned prop-160: Change IPv6 initial assignment to /44 for organizations eligible for /23 IPv4 APNIC 58 Sent back to mailing list at APNIC 58 prop-161: Using IPv6 for Internet of Things (IoT) APNIC 58 Presented as informational topic As of 31 October 2024 29
- 30. 30 30 APNIC and APRICOT Conferences Fellowships, Workshops, Trainings, Technical Sessions, Panel Ddiscussions, Policy Discussions, Peering Forum, BoFs, Networking, Socials and much more. 27