Robert Gagne - 9 Events of Instruction Explained
- 1. Lesson Plan.. What goes in it? Robert Gagne’ 9 Events of Instruction 1
- 2. 9 Events of Instruction #1 • Gain attention (the hook) #2 • Orient the learner (prep and objectives) #3 • Stimulate recall of prior knowledge #4 • Present content material #5 • Provide learner guidance #6 • Elicit performance “practice” #7 • Provide informative feedback #8 • Assess if lesson objectives have been learned #9 • Enhance retention and transfer 2
- 3. I. Gain Attention #1 Gain Attention • Provide a hook that quickly draws the learner into the lesson • Excite learner with shock factor to motivate • Tie event to lesson topic vs an unrelated engagement device Examples of possible strategies: • Present a new problem/situation/question/discussion (what if …) • Use multimedia (short video/audio clip) • Present a quote, something controversial, analogy • Create a “demo” • Use ice breaker activities • Surprising statistics 3
- 4. #2 Orient the Learners Describe the lesson / objectives • Describe, in detail, what you expect the learners to do and how they are going to be assessed • Objectives must be measurable and observable (verb choice is critical) • Provide overview of lesson (preassessment may take place here to determine what they already know) 3 types of learning as per Bloom: cognitive (knowledge) affective (attitudes) psychomotor (skills) 4
- 5. (Continued) Objectives contain three parts: Conditions Behavior Criteria What learners will do Degree of accuracy observed What is provided to the learner (givens) Example of objective: Given required materials (2 pieces of 12x12 in. fabric, 8-in zipper package, printed instructions, iron, sewing machine, thread, scissors, basting tape), learner will install the zipper so that the seams match with no excess fabric extending beyond the zipper that can be smoothly zipped up and down without tugging due to mismatched teeth. 5
- 6. Verbs based on level in Bloom’s Taxonomy 6
- 7. #3 Stimulate Recall of Prior Knowledge What is known New topic Serves as a connection Example of possible strategies: • Relate prior knowledge to new topic (text/audio) • Ask learners to discuss a related personal experience • Brainstorm ideas or give them a situation to develop possible answers from previous situations • Quiz learners on previous knowledge • Present a scenario • Anticipate elements of upcoming events • Ask learners to identify what they know/don’t know 7
- 8. #4 Present Content Material • Provide content material to the learner in a way that will augment learning • Break material into small “chunks” Possible examples: readings projects multimedia audio lectures activities simulations graphics text websites PowerPoint, Prezi, etc. labs/demos web 2.0 tools 8
- 9. #5 Provide Learner Guidance • Help learner with strategies to learn material Instructor may provide the following: Provide sample problems/scenarios Guided Practice (reading, writing, discussing) Mnemonics/ graphic organizers Highlighting; Compare/Contrast Mind Maps/Drawing Common mistakes/pitfalls Inferences/Analogies/Anecdotes Question/Answer Rubrics Checklists Guidelines Study guides Group (small/whole) discussions 9
- 10. #6 Elicit Performance “Practice” • Provide opportunity for learner to perform skills in the objective (may be accomplished in groups and with instructor coaching) Possible examples of “practice” are: • Group collaboration • Written drafts of assignments • Labs • Individual/group projects • Activities 10
- 11. #7 Provide Informative Feedback • Provide detailed, learner constructive criticism and correction • Include specific ways to improve • Peer/self/ instructor feedback • Use rubrics when possible • Give specific feedback of what is good and areas needed to improve vs. generalized statement of “Good Job!” 11
- 12. #8 Assess if Lesson Objectives have been Learned • Include summative assessment to determine if objective(s) have been met by individual learners (solo performance of skills, without assistance) Toolbox of Suggestions: • Authentic Assessments • Written Assignments • Formal Assessments • Presentation • Performance • Creation of particular product 12
- 13. #9 Enhance Retention and Transfer • Make learning “stick” (e.g., review with additional examples) • Provide transition for learners to apply information to other settings • Suggest next lesson (unit…) – “coming attractions” Possible examples: • Relate objectives to personal experiences • Debrief class/student what has been learned • Summarize content and apply to new situation • Give learner new situation to identify transfer of knowledge 13
- 14. 9 Events of Instruction #1 • Gain attention (the hook) #2 • Orient the learner (prep and objectives) #3 • Stimulate recall of prior knowledge #4 • Present content material #5 • Provide learner guidance #6 • Elicit performance “practice” #7 • Provide informative feedback #8 • Assess if lesson objectives have been learned #9 • Enhance retention and transfer 14
- 15. Additional Resources 9 Events of Instruction: http://citt.ufl.edu/tools/gagnes-9-events-of-instruction/ http://blog.integratedlearningservices.com/2010/06/anatomy-of-elearning-lesson-nine-events.html http://www.slideshare.net/CPappasOnline/robert-gagnes-instruction-design-model-the-nine-events-of-instructions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUymf-qHuAw 7 min 9 events &ADDIE inc Gagne’ background Writing Performance Objectives: http://www.itma.vt.edu/modules/spring03/instrdes/lesson6.htm (Dick & Carey) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pkFpm-QEmQ (Dick & Carey) ADDIE http://www.slideshare.net/CPappasOnline/the-addie-instructional-design-model 15