robotics and automation

Presented by
Deepak Ravi (162509)
Dhruv Upadhaya (162510)
Submitted to:
Dr. (Mrs.) Ritula Thakur

 Automation
 Benefits of Automation
 Disadvantages
 History of automation
 Automation tools
 Types of automation
 Emerging applications
 Automation and unemployment
 Robotics
 Robot
 History of robotics
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Uses
1

 Robot v/s Humans
 Career in Robotics
 Applications of robotics
 Basics of Robotics
 Actuators
 Relays
 Motor Driver
 Microcontroller
 Sensor Module
 Chassis and Wheels
 Programming
 Conclusion
2

 Automation or automatic control, is the use of various control systems for
operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat
treating ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering and stabilization of
ships, aircraft and other applications and vehicles with minimal or reduced
human intervention.
 Automation is the implementation of a process by automatic means.
 Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical, hydraulic,
pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices and computers, usually in combination.
 Automatic. Pertaining to a function, operation , process, or device that, under
specified conditions, functions without intervention by a human operator .
3

 Increased throughput or productivity.
 Improved quality or increased predictability of quality.
 Improved robustness (consistency) of processes.
 Increased consistency of output.
 Reduced direct human labour costs and expenses.
4

 Unpredictable/ excessive development cost
 High initial cost
 Unemployment
5

 1.MANUAL CONTROL
5.PLC
2.PNEUMATIC CONTROL3.HARD WIRE LOGIC CONTROL
4.ELECTRONIC CONTROL
USING GATES
6

 ANN - Artificial neural network
 DCS - Distributed Control System
 HMI - Human Machine Interface
 SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
 PLC - Programmable Logic Controller
 Instrumentation
 Motion control
 Robotics
7

Fixed automation
Programmable automation
Flexible automation
9

 Fixed automation refers to the use of custom-engineered (special purpose)
equipment to automate a fixed sequence of processing or assembly operations.
 This is also called hard automation.
 The primary drawbacks are the large initial investment in equipment and high
production rates and the relative inflexibility.
10

 In programmable automation, the equipment is designed to accommodate a
specific class of product changes and the processing or assembly operations can be
changed by modifying the control program
 For each new batch, the production equipment must be reprogrammed and
changed over to accommodate the new product style.
 Suited to batch production
 Period of non-productive time followed by a production run for each new batch.
11

 Extension of programmable automation.
 In flexible automation, the equipment is designed to manufacture a variety of
products or parts and very little time is spent on changing from one product to
another.
 a flexible manufacturing system can be used to manufacture various combinations
of products according to any specified schedule.
 Customization
 The reprogramming of the equipment in flexible automation is done off-line
12

 Stores
 Automated Vehicle Surveillance
 Automated highway systems
 Home automation
 Industrial Automation
15

 Some believe that unemployment is rising due
to the robotics and automation, people’s brain
and strength are needed every time in life.
 The bosses avoid paying high wage to human
instead of automation. Despite people assume
that robotics and automation increase the
unemployment, human intelligence is on top
of all technologies.
16

 The origin of the word “robot” is
’robota’ which means hard labor.
 Robotics is the branch of mechanical
engineering, electrical engineering,
electronic engineering and computer
science engineering that deals with
the design, construction, operation,
and application of robots, as well as
computer systems for their control,
sensory feedback, and information
processing.
17

In 1942 the science fiction writer Isaac Asimov created his Three Laws of
Robotics.
In 1948 Norbert Wiener formulated the principles of cybernetics, the basis of
practical robotics.
Fully autonomous robots are only appeared in the second half of the 20th century
Real robots were only possible in the 1950's and 1960's with the introduction of
transistors and Integrated circuits.
18

In Industries,build things like cars,and electronics,home made etc,,.
In Nuclear science, Sea-exploration, Servicing of transmission electric signals,
Designing of bio-medical equipments etc.
Military and agriculture etc...,
 Robots need no environment comfort.
 More capabilities
19

High cost of Robots.
Many techniques have not been developed for automation yet.
Robotic System and robots are limited to their functions.
Required maintance which is costly
 capablty in decision making
people loss their jobs due to Humanoid robots.
 Dangers for human beings
20

 Dirty tasks
 Repetitive tasks
 Dangerous tasks
 Impossible tasks
 Robots assisting the physically challenged people
 Space robotics
 Under water robotics
 Nuclear Science
 Biomedical Equipment
21

Feature Human Robot
Manipulation Arms and Fingers. Legs
for locomotion.Muscles
are actuators
Motors and other forms of
actuators
Vision Eyes Cameras
Smell Nose Research in progress
Taste Tounge Research in progress
Feel Skin Tactile Sensors
Communication Nerves Wires, Fiber optics, radio
Thinking capacity Brain Computers and
microprocessors
27

CAREER IN ROBOTICS
 Robotic Industry is growing at an exponential pace in India.
 World market for industrial robots is projected to rise by 4.2% per annum
 Opportunities exist in automating agriculture related activities.
 India is emerging as one of the top market for robots.
28

 sensor
 Actuators
 Relays
 Motor Driver
 Microcontrollers
 Chassis and Wheels
 Programming
 Power
 Communication
30

Optical sensor Tactile Sensor
Pressure Sensor Gyroscope
35

Geared DC Motor Servo Motor
Stepper Motor IC Engine
31

Click here to visit -ROBO INDIA
33

 Brain of robot
 Implement your logic on hardware
 Serves as input and output device
 Reusable
 Example-
 8051 Family
 AVR Family
34

 High Ground clearance
 Low centre of gravity
 Appropriate size to weight ratio
 Appropriate torque motors
 Appropriate wheels/ track belt
37

Software environment
 Keil | 8051 family
 AVR Build tool | AVR family
 Hardware
 USB Programmer
 Parallel port
 Serial port
38

 Robotics and automation will offer great benefits to humanity in the future.
Robotics and automation enables great advantage for people to do works in a
short period.
 Defending the country, creating new machines, operating with robots. Therefore,
the technology is developing rapidly and people should benefit from technology’s
opportunities.
39

robotics and automation

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