Robotics and technologies 2020
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Sophia, a social humanoid robot developed by Hanson Robotics, was activated on February 14, 2016, and became a Saudi Arabian citizen in 2017. Robotics engineering is an interdisciplinary field focused on the design, construction, and application of robots, which perform tasks that humans either cannot or prefer not to do. The document outlines the evolution of robots, their anatomy, components, programming, applications, and notable advancements in robotics research.
Robotics and technologies 2020
- 2. By Dr. H. A. Tonday Asst. Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Shreeyash College of Engineering and Technology, Aurangabad
- 4. Sophia is a social humanoid robot developed by Hong Kong based company Hanson Robotics. Sophia was activated on February 14, 2016. In October 2017, Sophia became a Saudi Arabian citizen.
- 5. The ancient Egyptian Queen Nefertiti
- 6. Robotics Engineering • It is a field of engineering which deals with the construction, design, application and operation of robots. • Robotics Engineering is an interdisciplinary area that allow all branches of engineering, science, and technology. • The development of Robotic technology follows the development of Numerical Control.
- 7. What Are Robots? • Robots are general-purpose, programmable, and controllable machine performing certain pre- defined tasks. • Perform the duties that humans are either unable or prefer not to complete. • Some robots are manufactured to do jobs which are hazardous to people like exploring mines, foundry works, defusing bombs, etc. • The word ‘Robot’ derives from the Czech word “robota,” which means forced work or labor. The mechanism behind robots is called “Robotics”.
- 8. Evolution Of Robots • In 1920, a science fiction, Czechoslovakian play titled Rossun's Universal Robots (RUR) by the Czech writer Karel Čapek. • in the early 1950s by George C. Devol, an inventor from Louisville, Kentucky. He invented and patented a reprogrammable manipulator called "Unimate," from "Universal Automation.“ • In 1962, Unimation, Inc. was founded with Engelberger as president produced a polar configuration robot. • Utilized for unloading die casting machine at Ford Motor Company Plant. • In 1969 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering student Victor Scheinman created the Stanford Arm, recognized as the first electronic computer-controlled robotic arm. • In 1979, Definition of “Robot” is established by Robot Institute of America
- 9. Robotics Engineer • A professional designer who is responsible for creating robots and robotic systems is called a “Robotics Engineer”. • Through their creations, a robotics engineer helps to make jobs safer, easier, and more efficient, in various manufacturing industry. • A robotics engineer will spend the majority of their time designing the plans needed to build robots.
- 10. Typical Day-to-Day Duties of Robo Engineer • Building, configuring, and testing robots • Designing software systems to control their robotic systems, such as those robots used for manufacturing • Designing automated robotic systems that are used to increase the production and precision levels within a specific industry • Analyzing and evaluating the prototypes and robotic systems they have created. This is generally a never-ending task, since technology is constantly changing and advancing • Reviewing and approving cost estimates and design calculations • Serving as technical support for the robotic systems they have created • Teaching plans paths to robots • Performing research into the design, operation and performance of robotic mechanism components or systems.
- 11. Robot Anatomy • Joints: A joint of an industrial robot is similar to a joint in the human body: It provides relative motion between two parts of the body. • Links: Links are the rigid components of the robot manipulator. • Connected to each joint are two links, an input link and an output link. • The purpose of the joint is to provide controlled relative movement between the input link and the output link.
- 12. Degrees Of Freedom • Defined modes in which a mechanical device or system can move. • The number of degrees of freedom is equal to the total number of independent displacements or aspects of motion. • A machine may operate in two or three dimensions but have more than three degrees of freedom.
- 15. Industrial Robot Configurations • Body-and-Arm Configurations: – Cartesian coordinate robot – Polar configuration – Cylindrical configuration – SCARA – Jointed-arm-robot
- 17. Joint Drive Systems • Electric drive system, • Hydraulic drive system, and. • Pneumatic drive system • Their combinations
- 18. Intelligent Control System • interact with its environment • make decisions when things go wrong during the work cycle. • communicate with humans • make computations during the motion cycle. • Make computations during integration. • Quick respond to advanced sensor inputs such as machine vision
- 19. End Effectors • Grippers – mechanical grippers – vacuum grippers – magnetized devices – interchangeable fingers – Electric grippers, – hydraulic gripper – Pneumatic gripper
- 20. End Effectors
- 21. End Effectors • Tools – spot welding gun – arc welding tool – spray painting gun – cutting tools – assembly tool – Others
- 22. Sensors in Robotics • Internal sensors arc those used for controlling position and velocity of the various joints of the robot. These sensors form a feedback control loop with the robot controller. • External sensors are used to coordinate the operation of the robot with other equipment in the cell. In many cases, these external sensors are relatively simple devices.
- 23. Sensors in Robotics • Tactile sensors: 1) Force sensors 2)Touch sensors • Proximity sensors • Optical sensor • Temperature sensor • Fluid Pressure sensor • Machine visions • fluid flow, • electrical voltage, current, resistance, and • various other physical properties.
- 24. Robot Programming A robot program can be defined as a path in space to be followed by the manipulator, combined with peripheral actions that support the work cycle. • Lead Through Programming • Motion Programming.
- 25. Programming Languages It honestly depends on what kind of robotics that you are getting into. • APT Language • C, C++, Python, JAVA • MATLAB or OCTAVE • FANUC Robot Programming • SIEMENS NX robot programming • KUKA robot programming • EDISON robot programming • ABB robot programming • Variable Assembly Language (VAL) • LEGO's NXT
- 26. Industrial Robot Applications • Material Handling Applications • Manufacturing (Processing) Operations • Assembly and Inspection • Transportation • Packaging and parcels • Automations • Dirt cleaning, sewage cleaning etc.
- 27. World Famous Robots Industrial robot Unimate 2-XL Robot ASIMO assembly line robot Welding robots Domestic robot AIBO robots Roomba Leonardo's robot Military robots Cobot Packaging and labeling robot QRIO MANAV FEDOR R.O.B. OceanOne Robot
- 28. Questions regarding Robots • Largest robot • According to the Guinness Book Of Records, the largest walking robot in the world is reported to be Tradinno, a 15m-long dragon robot weighing 11 tons that was used in a German. • Smallest robot: • The world's smallest flying robot is the 'RoboBee' developed at the Wyss Institute, Harvard. It's the size of your fingernail The smallest crawling, untethered micro-robot is only 0.2mm long. It is powered through a special floor that contains tiny electrodes. • Which was the first industrial robot? • Unimate • What are the Laws of the robotics? • First law, second law and third law
- 29. Questions regarding Robots • What are the components of a robot? Power supply Actuators Electric motors Sensors- Controller • What is AI? Why do we implement AI in the robots? Artificial intelligence is a technology which can develop intelligent devices that can react and work as a human being. AI includes: – Speech recognition, Learning, Problem-solving, Planning
- 30. • Elektro was the first humanoid robot. • t is estimated that more than one million industrial robots are in operation today, with the majority being in Japan. • There are two robots on Mars - Spirit and Opportunity. They were built to last 90 days on Mars but they lasted for several years. • The United States military has 4,000 robots that are used for scouting in dangerous countries like Iraq and Afghanistan. • A robot vacuum cleaner was invented that is capable of sensing its environment and cleaning the floor without human help to move the device. Facts Of Robots
- 31. Facts Of Robots • Star Wars the movie franchise made robots even more popular in the imagination of people. • Work is underway to develop a microrobot that will be capable of performing a biopsy of a patient from the inside of that patient. • Some people fear that robots will eventually take over the world because they will become their own species. • A robot has been created that uses bacteria-filled fuel cells. • The robot is capable of producing electricity from dead flies to power its battery. It can also use rotten apples to create fuel.
- 32. Facts of Robots • The smallest robot is called a nanobot or nanrobots. It is less than one-thousandth of a millimetre. • Japan's NES System Technologies recently built a winebot, capable of identifying many different types of wines and cheeses. • The new World Robotics report shows that more than 2.4 million industrial robots are operating in factories around the world.
- 33. Industrial Robot Applications • Material Handling Applications • Manufacturing (Processing) Operations • Assembly and Inspection • Transportation • Packaging and parcels • Automations • Dirt cleaning, sewage cleaning etc.
- 34. Robotics Research Institutes In India • (AICRA) All India Council for Robotics and Automation, Delhi. • Robotics Research Center, IIIT Hyderabad. • Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore. • CSIR - Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal. • Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IIT Kanpur). • Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad (IIIT Allahabad) • Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi • National Institute of Engineering, NIE Mysore.
- 35. Where We Stand in Robotic Research?
- 36. Thank You