Scales and Preparation of Maps
1 like2,497 views
The document provides a comprehensive overview of map scales and preparation, defining a map as a diagrammatic representation of land or sea that shows various features. It discusses elements of maps, types of scales, and the preparation of base maps using GIS, emphasizing the importance of accurate representation and land-use classifications. Additionally, it references multiple sources and guidelines for effective map-making and land-use planning.
Scales and Preparation of Maps
- 1. Scales and Preparation of Maps 2022
- 2. Maps: Representation of Reality Definition: Map is a diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing administrative boundaries, natural/physical features, roads, etc Source: Historic Map Works LLC/Historic Map Works/GettyImages
- 3. Elements of Map 1. Title, sub-title 2. Direction 3. Scale 5. Key or Inset Map 6. Prepared by or ownership 4. Legend
- 4. Scales Types Feature 1. Statement of Scale/ Word scale/ Verbal e.g. 1cm is equal to 100m Easy to understand but tough to convert/ judge reality 2. Representative Fraction or Numeric Scale • Distance x : y • Areal x2 : y2 • In Distance scale, units remain same in numerator ‘x’ and denominator ‘y’ • Easier to read • Universally accepted • It changes with a little zoom-in or zoom- out, a usual error in prints 3. Graphical • Linear • Bar • Usually adopted for small-scale drawings • Readability remains same even with zoom- in/out or variation in print scale • Chances of error are higher while translating in reality x km x km
- 5. Measurement of areas Source: NCERT
- 6. Appropriate Scales for Maps Source: URDPFI Guidelines, Vol I., 2015
- 7. Contents of base maps Information depiction depends on: • Purpose of map • Scale • Projection • Method of map‐making • Draughting skill Regional Base Map City Base Map Site Base Map Boundaries National, State, District, Taluk, Village Metropolitan, urban, ULB, zonal, census, cantonment, urban/ rural village All adjacent ownerships Network NH, SH, district roads, expressways, Railway lines, bridges NH, SH, MDR, arterial, sub- arterial, collector/ distributer All access roads/ streets, pedestrian paths, trails Topography Forests, hills, rivers & streams, lakes, wetlands, etc. Hills, water bodies, Rivers and streams, canals, lakes, swamps, marshy lands Vegetation (trees, bushes, hedge), water pond, water pools Land-use Urban settlement, rural settlements, important headquarters Residential, PSP, Govt instt., commercial hubs, transport hubs, major greens, heritage sites, floodable areas, etc. All adjacent built-uses, floor- wise use Contours 100m interval 3m to 5m interval (usually) 500 mm interval Utilities Power stations, dams, etc HT lines, water & sewer lines, waste dumping areas, etc. HT/ LT lines, dustbins, water & sewer lines,RWH, etc
- 8. Contents of base maps 1. Land cover 2. Structures 3. Boundaries 4. Hydrography 5. Geographic names 6. Transportation 7. Elevation 8. Orthographic imagery
- 9. Preparation of GIS base maps Preparation includes overlaying of; 1. Arial photo 2. Physiographic conditions 3. Population size & type information 4. Ownership boundaries 5. Any other feature of importance Source: Guide to Preliminary Planning Surveys of Urban Areas Including Land Use Classification, TCPO, 2004
- 10. Preparation of Planning base maps using GIS Preparation includes overlaying of; 1. Arial photo 2. Physiographic conditions 3. Population size & type information 4. Physical & Social infrastructure 5. Any other feature of importance Source: URDPFI Guidelines, Vol I., 2015
- 11. Landuse Classification Major landuse classifications identified are under 10 broad catagories; Source: URDPFI, 2015
- 12. Landuse Land-cover Classification : Regional Urban landuse classification for plans at scale 1:2,50,000 to 1:50,000 ; Source: Guide to Preliminary Planning Surveys of Urban Areas Including Land Use Classification, TCPO, 2004
- 13. Landuse Land-cover Map : Regional Plan Delhi NCR Regional Plan for 2021
- 14. Land Use Classification : Urban scale Urban landuse classification for plans at scale 1:50000 to 1:8000 ; Source: Guide to Preliminary Planning Surveys of Urban Areas Including Land Use Classification, TCPO, 2004
- 15. Land Use Map : Master Plan
- 16. Land Use Map : Master Plan Delhi Master Plan for 2041
- 17. Land Use Map : Zonal Development Plan Landuse plan of Amravati at Zonal level and Layout Plan level Source: https://www.researchgate.net/fi gure/A-Land-use-map-of- Amaravati-Capital-City- Source_fig3_342062498, accessed on 16-11-022