Traffic & Transportation surveys
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This document outlines various types of transportation surveys that are important for transportation planning, including road network inventory, traffic volume counts, origin-destination surveys, household surveys, economic activity surveys, public transportation studies, safety studies, and parking surveys. The objectives, methodology, sampling approach, and expected outputs are described for each type of survey. Conducting comprehensive transportation surveys is essential for developing an effective transportation plan.
Traffic & Transportation surveys
- 1. Dhwani Shah Assistant Professor Bhaikaka Centre for Human Settlements APIED, V.V. Nagar dhwani.shah@apied.edu.in
- 2. The Process for Survey Traffic Analysis Zone Types of Surveys 1. Inventory of road network system 2. Classified traffic volume counts 3. Road Side Origin and destination surveys 4. Household Survey (Mobility survey ) 5. Activity place study 6. Terminal studies 7. Public transport system study 8. Para transit study 9. Safety studies (accident studies, including collision & traffic incidences) 10. Pedestrian Survey 11. Intersection Survey 12. Speed and delay studies 13. Parking Demand Characteristics 14. Parking Supply Contents
- 3. The Process for Survey 1. Define the purpose and usage 2. Define the data collection Objectives and Constraints 3. Identify the target population and area 4. Select Survey Mode and Sampling Procedure 5. Develop Survey Questionnaire 6. Survey Implementation 7. Post processing
- 4. The area for which you want to carry out the study/ propose a transportation plan. Depending on the need for the study, your area can be- State A particular region City Study Area
- 5. Geographic areas dividing the planning region into relatively similar areas of land use and land activity. Zones represent the origins and destinations of travel activity within the region. Every household, place of employment, shopping center, and other activity are first aggregated into zones and then further simplified into a single node called a centroid. Traffic Analysis Zone
- 6. TAZs serve as the primary unit of analysis in a travel demand forecasting model. TAZs are where trips begin and end. The smaller the TAZs, the more accurate the forecasts might be. It depend on what scale you want to analyse- at state level, city level etc. One should consider roadway network and physical geography when delineating TAZ boundaries.
- 7. Those zones outside the study area along the model boundaries are defined as external zones. To accurately reflect travel patterns within the study area, the study area should be large enough so that nearly all (over 90 percent) of the trips begin and end within the study area. Intrazonal trips are those that are short enough to begin and end within the same zone and, thus are not assigned to the roadway network.
- 8. A single movement from Origin to Destination for a particular purpose is called a Trip. People travel to reach their activities at different destinations. Trip Home Work Schools Shops
- 9. Surveys
- 10. Inventory of road network system “Inventory” - a complete list of items Review of existing transport infrastructure and facilities, including: Flyovers/ underpasses, Major intersections, Parking/ Pedestrian / NMV facilities, Level Railway Crossings Road Inventory
- 11. Objectives To appreciate the physical characteristics of the identified road network in terms of right of‐ way, carriage way, number of access points, surface type, etc. To identify physical constraints and bottleneck points along the identified road network. To assess the capacity potential of the identified road network To understand the existing transport situation in order to develop a rational land use and transport plan and mobility improvement measures.
- 12. Survey Methods: Manual Sampling Size Two sections for a roadwith similar land uses Samples to be collected where ever section has variation Expected Output Physical characteristics and physical constraints of road network and transport infrastructure
- 13. Source: Transportation Lab, CEPT University
- 17. This survey is carried out to understand the variety of vehicles that passes through a road over 24 hours a day/ to get Average Daily Traffic (ADT). Objectives To appreciate traffic characteristics in terms of size, composition and variation – directional and temporal (wrt time). To appreciate the spatial distribution of traffic To establish the level of service on the road network system Classified Volume Counts (CVC)
- 18. Survey Methods Manual Method Video Photography Using automatic devices like Sensors Sensors Manual Method Video Photography
- 19. Sampling Size The traffic volume count surveys should be carried out continuously for 24 hours of the day, for three to seven days to get Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Expected Output Traffic Characteristic of the study area Traffic volume Spatial distribution of traffic Circulation of traffic
- 20. Source: Transportation Lab, CEPT University
- 22. Road Side Origin and destination surveys at Cordon and Screen lines Road Side Origin and Destination Surveys An imaginary line circumscribing the boundary of the study area is termed as the cordon line. Imaginary lines along the physical and natural barriers, having road crossing points within the study area, are termed as screen lines.
- 23. Objectives To appreciate the traffic characteristics To appreciate the desired patterns of passenger and goods traffic To assess the intensity of through and destined traffic To use in model validation
- 24. Survey Methods Road Side Interview Method (RSI) Registration Number Plate survey RSI Registration Number Plate survey using surveillance camera
- 25. Sampling Size: The survey should normally be conducted for three consecutive days, on sample basis, if possible during a representative week in the year and must encompass the weekly market day and one working day Expected Output Travel pattern O‐D matrix to calibrate a transport demand model
- 26. Source: Transportation Lab, CEPT University
- 28. Objectives To get the socio‐economic characteristics of the household To get the travel characteristics of the household (total trips, purpose of trips, mode used, trip length, trip origin and destination etc.) To appreciate desired pattern of traffic To get an opinion (of the residents of the study area) regarding general transport problems of the city and the probable areas of improvement. Household Survey (Mobility survey)
- 29. Survey Methods: Household interviews Sampling Size Population Sampling rate <50,000 1 in 5 50,000‐ 1,50,000 1 in 8 1,50,000 – 3,00,000 1 in 15 3,00,000‐ 5,00,000 1 in 20 >10,00,000 1 in 25
- 30. Expected Output Socio‐economic profile of the study area, number of trips, purpose of trips, mode used, trip length, trip origin and destination, vehicle ownership
- 31. Source: Transportation Lab, CEPT University
- 32. Source: Transportation Lab, CEPT University
- 33. Source: Transportation Lab, CEPT University
- 36. Objectives To appreciate the activity pattern in terms of type and intensity To appreciate the employment levels by type of activity To appreciate the trip and other characteristics of employees To develop trip production and attraction rates by type and intensity of activities Activity place study/ Economic Activity Survey
- 37. Survey Methods : Primary survey Sampling Size : 100 % of land use survey and Sample size of trip rate to be decided based on the size of study area. Expected Output : Identify trip generation rates
- 39. Terminal- facility where passengers and freight are assembled or dispersed Objectives To appreciate physical characteristics of the terminal regarding size, space usage etc. To appreciate the operational characteristics in terms of flow of vehicles/good/people to and from the terminal To appreciate the user characteristics (in case of passenger terminal) regarding their origin, destination, mode used, trip length etc. To appreciate the parking characteristics in the terminal To appreciate the problems, constraints and potentials for expansion of the terminal activity Terminal studies
- 40. Survey Methods Inventory User surveys Operator Surveys Sampling Size : Sample size to be decided based on the size and characteristics of study area and availability of users Expected Output : Physical characteristics of the terminal, operational characteristics in terms of flow of vehicles/good/people, parking characteristics in the terminal
- 41. Objectives To appreciate system and operational characteristics To appreciate the performance and economic characteristics Survey Methods Inventory User surveys Operator Surveys Public transport system study
- 42. Sampling Size: Sample size to be decided based on the size and characteristic of study area Expected Output : System and operational characteristics
- 43. Para transit informal means of transit, share autos, share taxis, maxi cabs etc moving people across short distances Objectives To appreciate role and function of Para transit To appreciate the system characteristics of Para transit To appreciate characteristics Para transit users Para transit study
- 44. Survey Methods Inventory User surveys Operator Surveys Sampling Size : Sample size to be decided based on the size and characteristic of study area Expected Output: System and operational characteristics
- 45. Bus Stand To Mayagara halli Sr. No. GPS Point Start Time Boarding (No.) Drop Off (No.) Origin Destination Fare 1 2 3:46 12 0 Bus Stand B.G.S Rotery Hospital 5 2 3 3:48 9 3 B.G.S Rotery Hospital Gandhinagara 5 3 4 3:52 8 1 Gandhinagara S.P Office 5 4 5 3:57 8 0 S.P Office Vijay Nagar 5 5 6 4:04 7 3 Vijay Nagar Gausia Collage 5 6 7 4:11 6 1 Gausia Collage S B Doddi 5 7 8 4:21 6 1 S B Doddi Madapura 10 8 9 4:29 5 5 Madapura Mayagara halli 10 1 10 4:40 8 5 Mayagara halli Madapura 5 2 11 4:47 3 1 Madapura S B Doddi 5 3 12 4:55 3 0 S B Doddi Gausia Collage 5 4 13 5:00 4 0 Gausia Collage Vijay Nagar 5 5 14 5:09 5 0 Vijay Nagar S.P Office 5 6 15 5:13 7 0 S.P Office Gandhinagara 5 7 16 5:17 8 1 Gandhinagara B.G.S Rotery Hospital 10 8 17 5:24 7 7 B.G.S Rotery Hospital Bus Stand 10
- 46. Volume Counts Along Across Objectives To appreciate pedestrian characteristics in terms of size composition and variation – directional and temporal. To appreciate the spatial distribution Safety: Continuity of street lighting for carriageway and pavements Comfort: Continuity of shade, provision of access ramps Convenience: Presence of pedestrian pathfinding signage, street furniture such as garbage bins, seating, drinking water Pedestrian Survey
- 47. Survey Methods Manual Counts Video Sampling Size: Day count will then give the Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Expected Output: number of pedestrians and need for additional pedestrian facilities
- 48. /Across the Road
- 49. Intersection Survey Intersection Turning Movement Survey Queue length Survey Objectives Measures turning movements at key intersections during the morning and evening peak hours. A queue length survey at major bottlenecks can show the severity of traffic congestion quantitatively. Intersection Survey
- 50. Survey Methods : Manual counts Sampling Size Directional movement of traffic in the peak hour Counts for 2 hours each in the morning and evening peak periods unless there exist extended peak hours. Expected Output : Performance characteristics of an Intersection
- 53. Objectives To get the journey and running speed along the road network To identify the bottleneck point To quantity delays and identify factors causing delay Speed and delay studies
- 54. Survey Methods Moving Observer method Registration Number Method Sampling Size: The average of around six runs Expected Output: Journey and running speed, travel time, delay causing factors
- 55. Source: Transportation Lab, CEPT University
- 57. Objectives To appreciate the trends of accidents in the study area To appreciate the temporal and spatial variation of accidents To identify the accident prone areas To identify planning and management measures for improvement of traffic safety Safety studies (accident studies, including collision & traffic incidences)
- 58. Survey Methods: Secondary data collection from police stations Sampling Size: Accident record for last 2 years Expected Output: Identification of accident prone areas
- 59. Data to be collected Total Number of Accidents Involving Pedestrians Cyclists 2 Wheelers Cars Buses Number of Injured or Dead Number of Dead Number of Injured Identification of hazardous locations Major accident causes
- 60. Objectives: To assess the Parking Supply Survey Methods: Parking Space Inventory Sampling Size: Each typology to be covered / representative sample to be collected Expected Output: Determine availability of existing parking Parking Supply
- 61. Objectives To assess the parking characteristics in terms of parking duration and accumulation by mode To assess future levels of demand To develop a parking policy Survey Methods Parking Space Inventory Parking usage Survey by patrol Questionnaire type Parking survey Parking Demand Characteristics
- 62. Sampling Size: Each typology to be covered / representative sample to be collected Expected Output: Parking duration, load, volume, turn‐over