SD & D Types of programming language
- 1. Types of programming language
- 2. Types of programming language There are 3 types of programming language: 1.Procedural 2.Declarative 3.Object-Oriented
- 3. Procedural languages In a procedural language, the programmer specifies the sequence of operations to be performed A procedural program has a clear start point, and end point Livecode, Python, BASIC and C are examples of procedural programming languages (although LiveCode can also be described as Event Driven)
- 4. Procedural languages Larger programs are broken down into smaller subprograms, known as functions or procedures Subprograms should have a specific purpose. Using subprograms means a program is modular. Procedural languages provide the programmer with variable data types such as integers, real numbers and strings
- 7. Declarative languages The programmer declares all of the facts and rules at the outset Queries can then be performed on the facts and relationships in order to solve problems Used in medical diagnosis, weather forecasting, financial projection and planning Examples are PROLOG and LISP. Declarative languages are often used in artificial intelligence
- 8. Declarative languages Sample PROLOG listing
- 9. Object-oriented languages In object-oriented programming (OOP) the language is modelled around objects rather than actions Objects can have attributes and methods A car object can have the attributes: Colour Engine size Number of doors A car object can have the methods: Drive forward Brake Unlock doors
- 10. Classes
- 11. Classes In OOP we define a class as the blueprint for our objects In our example, car is a class – it is not a specific make or model of car but a blueprint for all cars We use our class to create an instance of an object
- 12. Instances
- 13. Inheritance Object-oriented programming allows classes to inherit commonly used state and behaviour from other classes
- 14. Inheritance
- 15. Encapsulation Encapsulation is the principle of placing data (attributes) and functions (methods) into a single component (class) Using encapsulation we can hide much of the functionality and data from parts of the program that don’t need to access it