SDRule-L: Managing Semantically Rich Business Decision Processes
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This paper discusses sdrule-l, an extension of object role modeling (ORM) for managing dynamic business decision processes. It introduces constraints and operators for modeling sequences and implications of events, aiming to enhance semantic decision support systems (SDSS). The document outlines the approach for implementation, limitations, and future work, focusing on translating constraints into queries to check for violations.
![Introduction
Semantic Decision Support Systems (SDSS) → requires proper
capturing of business semantics to
Fact-based Modeling (FBM) & Object Role Modeling (ORM)
Fact-oriented modeling language
Facts vs. Fact-types
Example
Fact: ”Christophe” knows ”Yan”
Fact-types: [Person] knows (/known by) [Person]
[Person] having (/ of) [Name]
Important in FBM and ORM are ...
grounding in natural language
verbalization
graphical notation
... for the involvement of non-technical domain experts
2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 4](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentatie-130829135711-phpapp01/85/SDRule-L-Managing-Semantically-Rich-Business-Decision-Processes-4-320.jpg)
SDRule-L: Managing Semantically Rich Business Decision Processes
- 1. SDRule-L: Managing Semantically Rich Business Decision Processes (short paper) Yan Tang Demey and Christophe Debruyne Vrije Universiteit Brussel STARLab 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 1
- 2. Outline Introduction and Problem SDRule-L Approach Implementation Limitations, Future Work and Conclusions 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 2
- 4. Introduction Semantic Decision Support Systems (SDSS) → requires proper capturing of business semantics to Fact-based Modeling (FBM) & Object Role Modeling (ORM) Fact-oriented modeling language Facts vs. Fact-types Example Fact: ”Christophe” knows ”Yan” Fact-types: [Person] knows (/known by) [Person] [Person] having (/ of) [Name] Important in FBM and ORM are ... grounding in natural language verbalization graphical notation ... for the involvement of non-technical domain experts 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 4
- 5. Introduction However, FBM and ORM have ... limited support for modeling and reasoning over dynamic rules such as the sequence of events SDRule-L extends ORM to capture such rules How can we reason over such rules to support decision making? 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 5
- 6. SDRule-L
- 7. SDRule-L SDRule-L extends ORM by introducing constraints, operators and corresponding graphical notations such as: Sequence constraints; Cluster constraints; Implication- and negation constraints; Skipper. 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 7
- 8. Sequence Constraints Relations between events: ness constraint on r1/r2 from Fig. 1 (O1). We use 𝒮𝒪ℐ𝒬(𝐷) – a DL dialect – to for- malize Fig. 1 (O2) as follows: ∃𝑟1. ⊤ ⊑ 𝐴 𝑟1 ≡ 𝑟1 ∃𝑟2. ⊤ ⊑ 𝐵 𝑟2 ≡ 𝑟2′ ∃𝑟1 . ⊤ ⊑ 𝐶 ∃𝑟2 . ⊤ ⊑ 𝐶 𝐶 ≡≤ 1𝑟1 . ⊤ ⊓ ∃𝑟1 . ⊤ ⊔≤ 1𝑟2 . ⊤ ⊓ ∃𝑟2 . ⊤ In what follows, we will use objectification to objectify roles. Sequence is a common constraint for an event. In SDRule-L, two events can have the relations as indicated in Table 1. Table 1. SDRule-L Sequence (𝐸 : event on the right of the connector;𝐸 : event on the left) ID Name Graphical Notation Verbalization 1 Succession 𝐸 is before 𝐸 2 Continuation 𝐸 is exactly before 𝐸 3 Overlap 𝐸 and 𝐸 overlap 4 Trigger 𝐸 triggers 𝐸 5 Terminator 𝐸 is terminated by 𝐸 6 Coincidence 𝐸 and 𝐸 are in parallel Allow us to use 𝐸 for denoting an event. An event contains two basic time indica- tors: begin time stamp (which we indicate as 𝑇 ) and end time stamp (indicated as 𝑇 ). 𝐸 is a valid event iff 𝑇 ≥ 𝑇 . We use a dot “.” to indicate the holder of an element. For example, for an event 𝐸 , its begin time stamp is denoted by 𝐸 . 𝑇 . Given two >> _ _ -_ >> >> |=| Events have time stamps denoting the beginning and end of an event. 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 8
- 9. Sequence Constraints Example: Device opening opened by Curtain sending sent by Message >> Device opening Curtain TRIGGERS Device sending Message. 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 9
- 10. Cluster Constraints Treating a set of fact types as an object Modalities: Possible → ♦ Mandatory → Device receiving received by Signal opening opened by Curtain sending sent by Message Opening Curtain Listen and React Sending Message♦ 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 10
- 11. Implication and Negation Device opening opened by Curtain sending sent by Message Device opening opened by Curtain sending sent by Message ¬ ¬ IF Device opening Curtain, THEN Device sending Message IF Device NOT opening Curtain, THEN Device NOT sending Message 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 11
- 12. Skipper Used to ignored rules in a particular commitment. Device sending sent by Message ¶ EACH Device sending AT LEAST ONE Message (SKIPPED) 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 12
- 13. Approach
- 14. Approach 1) Parse SDRule-L Markup file 2) Translate fact-types into Description Logics 3) Process constraints in SDRule-L Commitment Static constraints translated into DL; Dynamic rules and higher-order constraints Adopt approach of Tao et al. 2010 Translate constraints into queries checking existence counterexamples 4) Notify user of problems 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 14
- 15. Translating fact-types into DL Person “Employment” works for employs Company ⇓ Person with of Employment of with Company 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 15
- 16. Translating fact-types into DL A “C” r1 r2 B A r1 r1’ C r2’ r2 B Translation into DL: ∃r1. A and ∃r1 . C and r1− ≡ r1 ∃r2. B and ∃r2 . C and r2− ≡ r2 C ≡ ≤ 1r1 . ∃r1 . ≤ 1r2. ∃r2 . 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 16
- 17. Process SDRule-L Constraints Events – roles involved with sequence constraints – are ”cast” as being of the type ”event” and have a start- and end-time. A “C” r1 r2 B ... >> Event with of with of Timestamp 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 17
- 18. Process SDRule-L Constraints Create SPARQL ASK queries checking existence of counterexamples Device opening opened by Curtain sending sent by Message >> Test general timestamp correctness ASK { ?x <.../#start> ?t1. ?x <.../#end> ?t2. FILTER(?t1 > ?t2) } Test sequence constraint ASK { { ?a <.../#sending_r1> ?rc1. ?rc1 <.../#start> ?t1. ?a <.../#opening_r1> ?rc2. ?rc2 <.../#end> ?t2. FILTER(?t1 >= ?t2) } UNION { OPTIONAL{ ?a <.../#sending_r1> ?rc1. } ?a <.../#opening_r1> ?rc2. FILTER(!BOUND(?rc1)) } } 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 18
- 19. Process SDRule-L Constraints Create SPARQL ASK queries checking existence of counterexamples Device receiving received by Signal opening opened by Curtain sending sent by Message Opening Curtain Listen and React Sending Message♦ Test cluster constraint ASK { ?a a <...#Device>. OPTIONAL {?a <.../rec_r1> ?x1. OPTIONAL {?a <.../ope_r1> ?x2. FILTER(!BOUND(?x1) || !BOUND(?x2)) } ASK { ?a <.../sen_r1> ?b. OPTIONAL { ?a <.../rec_r1> ?c. FILTER(!BOUND(?c)) } 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 19
- 20. Implementation
- 21. Implementation SDRule-L Markup Parser Jena and Pellet Available as a module, part of a ”suite” 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 21
- 22. Limitations, Future Work and Conclusions
- 23. Limitations and Future Work Ambiguous paths → similar limitation arises in the graphical notation of external uniqueness constraints in ORM. Sequence on unconnected fact types Possible path 1 Possible path 2 Fig. 9. An example of a sequence applied on unconnected fact types and two possible paths of connections 5 Conclusion In this paper, we have discussed the most recent results concerning SDRule-L, which is a semantic decision support language. In particular, we have presented constraints A ra/rb B rc/re EC ra/rc rc/rd D ra/rd>> A ra/rb B rc/re EC ra/rc rc/rd D ra/rd>> A ra/rb B rc/re EC ra/rc rc/rd D ra/rd>> We currently only support sequence constraints with same ”starting point”. Similar limitation for Implication, and Cluster constraints. 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 23
- 24. Conclusions 1. Formulated the problem of modeling and reasoning about aspects not supported by popular fact-based modeling languages 2. Extended ORM with SDRule-L 3. Translate SDRule-L into DL 4. Check constraint violation by looking for counterexamples 5. Implemented ideas, part of IDE 2013-08-27 @ EC-Web 2013| page 24