Security Requirements for IVC Network

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 601
Security Requirements for IVC Network
D. V. Jamthe1, D. B. Khadse2, Y. B. Malode3
1 Asst. Prof, Computer Science & Engineering Department, PBCOE, M.H., India
2 Asst. Prof, Computer Science & Engineering Department, PBCOE, M.H., India
3 Asst. Prof, Information Technology Department, PBCOE, M.H., India
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Abstract – IVC Network will improve in the near future
for the safety, comfort of drivers and passengers on the
road. In IVC network vehicles are equipped with the
necessary transmission Links and embedded systems
that will make such type of communication possible
using Bluetooth or DSRC. The IVC Network has dynamic
topology therefore massage broadcasting should be
done in Secure mode. This paper presents security
requirements for IVC Network, as the vehicle is
broadcasting a message is not a selfish or malicious
vehicle. Therefore VAM is needed to ensure the integrity
and reliability of the messages exchanged in the
network. For this Public Key Infrastructure techniques
are the solution for authentication that resides on the
idea that each vehicle is assumed to carry out a certain
amount of secure operations such as signing and
Timestamping. Using PKI encryption technique, there
will be no communication delay or overhead.
Key Words: IVC, IVCN, VAM, VANET, ITS, PKI, V2V.
1. INTRODUCTION
IVC networks developed to improve the safety, security
and efficiency of the transportation systems and enable
new mobile applications and services for the traveling
public. The purpose of Vehicular Communication Network
(VC) is to create a safer environment and better driving
conditions for vehicles on the road. Safety applications are
the most important and more urgent to develop, since its
matter of saving lives by preventing traffic accidents.
VANET consist of Inter Vehicle Communication (IVC) &
roadside to vehicle communication (RVC). IVC and RVC
applications fall into two categories: Safety-related
Information and Infotainment services. Only the security
issues of safety-related applications are focused as they
are lying at the core of IVC NETWORK concept and bring
challenging problems.
In Inter-Vehicular Communication Network, the vehicles
regularly broadcast safety-related messages. The idea
behind safety application in Inter - Vehicular
Communication Network is to have a mechanism in which
vehicles on a road can exchange data or information so
that to prevent accidents. This exchange of information is
going to be through wireless messages between a vehicles
and surroundings vehicle on the same road. The
surrounding vehicle will use these messages to inform the
driver of some dangerous situations happening on the
road. [1] Therefore, through these messages the driver of
each vehicle will make a better decision regarding a
specific situation such as collision, congestion, or
construction. Therefore, security and privacy are
necessary in Inter - Vehicular communication for a
successful acceptance and deployment of this technology,
because attackers or pranksters can cause a huge damage
in terms of life and road accidents as described in [2]. As a
wireless communication technology, VANET is highly
vulnerable to abuse and attacks. An adversary may inject a
false information in order to mislead the target vehicles or
with tampering the on board unit, implement an
impersonation attack. He may also, by recording the
messages of target vehicle, track the vehicle’s location and
collect private information about the vehicle.
Therefore it is need to secure the broadcast messages
between vehicles on one hand, and each vehicle on the
road should be known to be trusted on this other hand.
Vehicle authentication on the roads might make the
process of implementing Vehicular Communication
harder. Each driver on the road should keep user’s privacy
protected to accept to use this technology which is an
issue. Therefore, the authentication process should take
place without affecting the privacy of the vehicles. For
example, if a vehicle receives any message from a
surrounding vehicle, it should test and check if that
surrounding vehicle has a valid certification or not,
otherwise the message received will be ignored. In this
paper we evaluate proposed security mechanisms for
Inter - Vehicular Communication Network, most of which
haven’t been implemented yet for vehicle to vehicle.
The Inter-Vehicle Communication systems are a new
paradigm of networking. Largely related to mobile ad hoc
networks and their distributed, self-organizing structure,
they also introduce new threats [3]. Vehicle to Vehicle
Communication is one of the most promising technologies
to make traffic in future safer and efficient. The number of
possible use cases is immense; the technology
development is in progress [4]. In Intelligent Transport
Systems (ITS), it has exchange necessity information
between vehicles such as position and speeds in order to

guarantee an efficient trip and insurance. Through the
Inter-Vehicular Communication Network, each vehicle can
exchange information such as position, speed,
acceleration, direction of the vehicle with its neighbours as
shown in Figure1. Therefore this transfer of messages
should be in secure mode.
Figure1. Inter – Vehicular Communication Network
In the next section, the Adversaries, Threats and Attacks
are discussed. Section III discussed security challenges in
IVC Networks. Section IV states the security requirement
for IVC Networks. Section V and VI discussed Security
Solutions for IVC Network and Public Key Infrastructure
Technique respectively. Section VII states the result of
response time for encrypted communication. Finally the
paper concludes and discuses a future work to provide a
security for collision avoidance in IVC Network.
2. ADVERSARIES, THREATS AND ATTACKS ON IVC
NETWORK
In IVC Network, V2V communication is done through the
wireless network, which in some cases can be fatal for
different attacks. Therefore, it should be noticed that any
wireless device that runs on the same communication
protocol stack can be a threat to the network. The list of
adversaries that should be aware of is very long, and the
methods are very different. [5] Here are some types of
adversaries:
Greedy Drivers:
Try to convince the vehicle around user that there is a
congested road ahead so that they will choose alternate
routes and allow user a clear path to destination.
Snoops:
Everyone who wants to get maximum information about
other drivers. After collecting the information probably
harm the user.
Hackers:
Teenagers or hackers probing for vulnerability and
seeking fame. It could also abuse the security vulnerability
to DoS attacks to disable applications or prevent critical
information from reaching another vehicle.
Industrial Insiders:
Attacks by insiders are particularly insidious, and the
extent to which vehicular networks are vulnerable will
depend on other security design decisions.
Malicious Attacker:
Malicious attackers deliberately attempt to cause harm via
the applications available on the vehicular network.
Now the most important thing is vulnerabilities and its
impact on IVC Network users.
A. Denial of Service (DoS): in which the attacker will
overwhelm a vehicle with messages in order to
congest the communication channel.
B. Message Suppression Attack: In a more subtle attack,
the adversary may use one or more vehicles to launch
a suppression attack by selectively dropping packets
from the network.
C. Fabrication Attacks: An adversary can initiate a
fabrication attack by broadcasting false information
into the network. These attackers are diffuse wrong
information in the network to affect the behavior of
other drivers (e.g., to divert traffic from a given road
and thus free it for themselves) as shown in Figure2.
D. Spoofing Attacks: Very common in regular or wired
attacks is spoofing, which basically means
impersonating somebody you are not, and therefore,
send messages to other nodes, which you are not
supposed to send. So, combining spoofing with
message fabrication can lead to very dangerous
results.
E. Eavesdropping: In this an intruder will can interfere
into the conversation of two drivers in two vehicles
and get message in which there might be some
important information critical to a driver’s privacy, or
will violate her/his privacy.
F. Alteration of Data: It consists of attacking a network in
order to alter the data inside the message exchanged
on the road. The attacker will access the content of a
certain message in the network and change it as
wished. Again this can cause very serious
consequences, in the case the hacker changes the
message from a regular message to a warning which
will affect the traffic on the road or even create
incidents.
G. Masquerading: In masquerade attacks, an entity poses
as another entity. It is caused when an unauthorized
vehicle pretends to be another vehicle by using false

identities and can be motivated by malicious or
rational objectives.
Figure2. In this example bogus information attack,
colluding attackers (A2 and A3) disseminate false
information to affect the decisions of other vehicles (V)
and thus clear the way of attacker A1.
Figure 3: Signal Interruption of V2V Communication
3. SECURITY CHALLENGES IN IVC NETWORK
Inter – Vehicular Communication Network is a new
concept in VANET that will change roads and vehicles.
However, implementing this technology will not be as easy
as it looks. There are many challenges which prevent the
implementation of such system. Vehicle to vehicle
communication will need some degree of authentication
mechanism in order to secure the communication.
Therefore, the authentication mechanism needs to have
some degree of information about the vehicle and the
driver. It’s totally understandable that most drivers on the
road want their identity to be kept private, that’s why this
issue of privacy versus authentication, will be one of the
main issues in implementing IVC NETWORK worldwide.
Another IVC NETWORK security challenge is the
forwarding of event-related messages on very large ad hoc
networks of highly mobile nodes in such a way that the
information can be trusted by receiving nodes because by
doing so we improve traffic safety and mobility [6]. One of
the most reasonable ones was to use the vehicle
information instead of driver’s information. That is,
including the license plate information (number) of the
vehicle, this actually constitutes a unique id, in the
authentication message that will be used in
communicating with other vehicles. The other main issue
facing the implementation of IVC NETWORK on the road is
availability. Meaning that all the system should be
available to send and receive message all the time, and in
real time. For example if a vehicle has an accident, it
should send a warning messages to all the neighboring
vehicles in real time or near real time so that the drivers of
the other vehicles can avoid that accident, the figure 4
below show how that works. However, if there is a delay of
broadcasting that message, the message will be
meaningless since the other vehicles will not benefit from
it. Conversely, implementing a system whose response
time is real time or near real time, will make it more
vulnerable many different types of hackers’ attacks, but
DoS attack will have the most impact on the system. It will
easily overwhelm the system with a huge number of
meaningless messages and makes it crash easier.
Another challenge for VANET is the range of coverage of
the broadcasting a message. A message can be lost in the
case of too few vehicles on the road, because there will be
no vehicle to work as relay to that specific message and
can be lost. Through some experiments conducted in [7]
only 50% to 60% of vehicle on the road will receive a
message that was intended to be sent to them. Another
challenge is the error tolerance as mentioned in [8].
Figure 4: V2V and V2I in the case of an accident on the
road
Inter – Vehicular Communication Network is intended to
reduce the number accidents and save lives. Therefore, the
applications that should be used should have a very low
rate of failure, otherwise, it can cause to disastrous results.
Therefore, the applications to be deployed and used
should have a very low margin of error in order for them
to be deployed in vehicles. Mobility is another concern to

IVC NETWORK developers, since vehicle network is so
random and mobile. It’s clear that the dynamic topology of
the network will create the problem of the connectivity, so
that, if there is a few numbers of vehicles on the road,
some of them will not receive the message, if this vehicle is
outside the transmission range of the closest vehicle on
the road.
4. SECURITY IMPLEMENTATION REQUIREMENT
FOR IVC NETWORK
In Inter-Vehicular Communication Network, the vehicles
form a mobile ad-hoc network which consists of a
collection of mobile hosts that communicate via radio
transmission. There is a challenge in balancing security
and privacy needs. On the one hand, the receivers want to
make sure that they can trust the source of information.
On the other hand, the availability of such trust might
contradict the privacy requirements of a sender. The
implementing security applications in IVC NETWORK,
vehicle can’t be achieved without a regular maintenance of
the equipment that VANET provides. Actually, a regular
check on the software and hardware will allow the
authorities to ensure that vehicle’s software hasn’t been
changed or modified for the sake of impairing the Inter-
Vehicular Adhoc Network on the road.
In any cryptographic system, the confidentiality and the
integrity of the private keys are essential while vehicles by
their nature are highly vulnerable for tampering. Security
and reliability of VANET relies on the tamper resistant
Hardware Security Modules (HSM) in which the
cryptographic keys are stored. Also cryptographic
operations, such as digital signatures and encryption, are
performed. For that every vehicle should be registered
with an authority that provides VANET technology. For
securing IVC NETWORKs communication possible, most of
the drivers of the road are considered, or at least, most
likely to be honest. Meaning that most of the users of the
technology will attempt to modify or change the software
or the configuration they are given.
5. SECURITY SOLUTIONS FOR IVC NETWORK
For successfully deploy of Inter-Vehicular Communication
Network on roads, we need to face the problem of
potential security threats presented above. Some of these
solutions were worth considering and present in this
section.
- Authentication and location detection
The first issue that we need to address is making sure that
the message is really sent from the party that pretends to
send it. Therefore, there is a need of using authentication
of all vehicles on the road. To do this, each vehicle should
be kept track of by some authority or infrastructure in
some cases, by using authentication. To achieve this public
key cryptography authentication is used. In this fashion,
each vehicle will broadcast its identity (public key) along
with the signature of a current timestamp. This is very
important to make sure that the authentication is recent
and at the same time have different signatures from the
vehicle to ensure its identity. So when each vehicle
receives such a broadcast, it signs the other vehicle’s ID
and rebroadcasts it. Doing this will help vehicles to predict
the location of the specific vehicle on the road. [9], [13]
- Preserving Privacy and Anonymization
In IVC NETWORKs the issue of privacy and preserving the
personal information of a driver and vehicle, is raising
concerns for both vehicle manufacturers and future
potential users. Therefore, there shouldn’t be any
disclosure on any private information of the driver or
vehicles. So a vehicle should not trace the exact identity of
other vehicles of the road, but only to verify the
connection between the information sent and the vehicle
present in the road. In other words, make sure the vehicle
it pretends to send the message, is indeed the one who
really did. To achieve this, there is a need to include an
intermediary service that will map the permanent identity
of the driver or/and vehicle and a temporary ID. The
authors called this service, anonymization service. This
service as mentioned earlier maps between the permanent
identity of driver or vehicle and a random ID it provides to
that vehicle to keep track of it; it’s extremely important
that this temporary ID should not be traceable to the
driver or vehicle. Therefore, there should be a strong
algorithm at the level of the anonymization service to
achieve that. Although this technique will create an
additional overhead, it will provide the driver with the
required privacy and prevent spoofing. [10]
- Active Position Detection
Position security in VANET is very important to the
process of verifying the source of any communication or
message through the network. To achieve that, we need to
use onboard radars to detect neighboring vehicles and to
confirm their coordinates. Based on that data, a history of

the vehicles movement is created. [11] Consequently, a
check on the history and computing similarity, we can
prevent a large number of Sybil attacks and position based
attacks
- Secure Aggregation
Using this technique, each vehicle on the road will keep
count of the vehicles it passes and authenticate them.
Authentication will take place using an infrastructure aid
that will deliver as explained above some unique valid IDs
that can be understood by all vehicles on the road, and as
mentioned above will preserve the privacy. Through this
information collected each vehicle will have an estimation
of the number of vehicles ahead. [13]
6. PUBLIC KEY INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNIQUE
At the basic level, PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) can be
described as a technique that enables users on a network
to securely exchange data. This is achieved by the use of
public key/ private key pair that are generated and
exchanged through a certified authority. A PKI is an
arrangement that binds public keys with users’ identities
through a certificate authority (CA). CA uniquely identifies
user identities individually. To achieve that, each user
must be individually registered with a CA. After
registration the CA adds this user to a list and updates its
list of users’ identities and their assigned public keys. In
addition to the registered users, CA will keep another list
of the users with revoked certification. Meaning, the ones
who were registered before, and for a reason, they should
not trusted anymore.
The technique PKI allows two network vehicle users to
authenticate each other to exchange using encryption.
Therefore, password exchange mechanism can avoided,
which can be very dangerous wireless medium. Since
nobody can guarantee that a network is completely secure.
Due to smooth and easy logic PKI infrastructure is
advantageous. In this sender will sign a message, encrypt
it using his private key. Similarly the receiver decrypts
with the public key of the sender. It is also feasible for the
sender to encrypt something the sender encrypts the
message with the public key of the receiver. Then only the
receiver can decrypt the message using his private key.
Figure 5: Illustration of Public Key Infrastructure [12]
7. SIMULATIONS
All the vehicles on the roads should broadcast their
relative information to the surrounding nodes. For secure
and reliable communication in IVC NETWORK, the
proposed solution in this study is implemented. The
simulation is done on the simulator taking two types of
vehicles, one which is broadcasting the information
without encryption and another is broadcasting the
messages with encryption as shown in following Figure6.
Figure6: Vehicles Broadcasting Information
Figure7: Response time Simulation Result
Figure7 shows the response time of ready vehicles in the
presence and absence of PKI encryption. The results
obviously show that the response time in the case of
encrypted communication is higher than in the regular
communication (without encryption).

8. CONCLUSION
Securing Inter Vehicular Communication Network (IVC
NETWORK) is a crucial and serious issue, since failure to
do so will delay the deployment of this technology on the
road. All vehicles’ drivers want to make sure that their and
vehicles identity is preserved while exchanging messages
with the other entities on the road. Using PKI encryption
technique, Vehicle authentication is ensures the integrity
and reliability of the messages exchanged in the network.
In future research directions, optimal inter-vehicular
collision avoidance secure technique to the dynamic
clustering mechanism will be taken an issue of IVC
NETWORK. This is to ensure that the vehicles perform
safety communication with each other, by defining a
critical “inter-vehicular distance” to be maintained
between any two vehicles.
REFERENCES
[1] Increasing Broadcast Reliability In Vehicular Ad Hoc
Networks Nathan Balon And Jinhua Guo University Of
Michigan – Dearborn 2006.
[2] U.S. Department Of Transportation, Bureau Of
Transportation Statistics. Transportation Statistics
Annual Report, 2003.
[3] Attacks On Inter Vehicle Communication Systems –
An Analysis By Amer Aijaz, Bernd Bochow, Florian
Dotzer, Andreas Festag, Matthias Gerlach, Rainer
Kroh, Tim Leinmuller Proceedings Of The 3rd
International Workshop On Intelligent
Transportation Wit(2006).
[4] Inter-Vehicle Communication Systems: A Survey
Mihail L. Sichitiu, North Carolina State University
Maria Kihl, Lund University Ieee Communications
Surveys & Tutorials 2nd Quarter 2008.
[5] A Survey Of Security In Vehicular Networks Antonios
Stampoulis, Zheng Chai.
[6] Florian D., Lars F., Przemyslaw M.: ‘Vars: A Vehicle Ad
Hoc Network Reputation System’. Int. Conf. On A
World Of Wireless, Mobile And Multimedia Networks
(Wowmom 2005), 2005, Pp. 454–456.
[7] J. Yin, T. Elbatt, G. Yeung, B. Ryu, S. Habermas, H.
Krishnan, And T. Talty. Performance Evaluation Of
Safety Applications Over Dsrc Vehicular Ad Hoc
Networks. In Proc. Of Acm Workshop On Vehicular
Ad Hoc Networks (Vanet), 2004.
[8] Jean-Pierre Hubaux, , The Security And Privacy Of
Smart Vehicles, Ieee Security And Privacy Magazine,
2(3):49-55, May-June 2004.
[9] Maxim Raya, Adel Aziz And Jean-Pierre Hubaux,
Efficient Secure Aggregation In Vanets, Vanet’06,
September 29, 2006, Los Angeles, California, Usa
[10] G. Yan, S. Olariu, and M.C. Weigle, Providing Vanet
Security through Active Position Detection. Computer
Communications, Volume 31, Issue 12, 30 July 2008,
Pages 2883-2897
[11] Public Key Infrastructure. (2009, November 2009). In
Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved October
10, 2009.
[12] Bryan Parno and Adrian Perrig. Challenges in
Securing Vehicular Networks, HotNets 2005.
BIOGRAPHIES
The author1, D. V. Jamthe received
the B.E. Degree in Information
Technology from Rashtrasant
Tukadoji Maharaj University of
Nagpur, India, in 2005. He has
received Master of Engineering
(M.E.) Degree in Wireless
Communication and Computing from G. H. Raisoni
College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
His research area includes Wireless Network,
Computer Network, Computer Security, Adhoc
Network, and VANET.
The author2, D. B. Khadse
received the B.E. Degree in
Information Technology from
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj
University of Nagpur, India, in
2007. He has received Master of
Engineering (M.E.) Degree in
Wireless Communication and Computing from G. H.
Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra,
India.
The author3, Y. B. Malode
received his B.E. degree in
information technology from the
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj
University of Nagpur, India, in
2006. He has received his
Master’s Degree in Computer
Science and Engineering from Rajiv Gandhi College of
Engineering, Research and Technology, Chandrapur,
Maharashtra. He is majoring in computer Science and
is familiar with Data Mining. His research area
includes Data Mining, Periodicity mining and Image
processing.

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