Selenium 101

SELENIUM 101
automates browsers

I’M
• BertVan Hauwaert
• CEO, CFO, CTO, … of
be.coded
• Freelancer

ICE-CREAM CONE
Manual tests
Automated
GUI tests
Integration
tests
Unit
tests

CUPCAKE
ManualTest
Automated GUITests
Automated IntegrationTests
(API, Component)
Automated
UnitTests
Manual testers
Automated GUI
testers
Developers

TESTING PYRAMID
Automated
GUI tests
Automated API tests
Automated Integration tests
Automated Component tests
Automated Unit tests
Manual
Session
BasedTesting

Functional tests
Examples
Story tests
Prototypes
Simulations
Exploratory testing
Scenarios
Usability testing
UAT
Alpha / Beta
Unit tests
Component test
Performance & Load testing
Security testing
“ility” testing
Business facing
Technology facing
Supportingtheteam
Critiqueproduct
Automated & manual
Automated
Manual
Tools
AGILETESTING QUADRANTS
Q2
Q1 Q4
Q3

BROWSERTESTING
• Headless browser emulators
• Browser controllers

WHAT IS SELENIUM?
• Suite of tools
• Automates browsers
• Testing purposes
• Boring web-based administration tasks

TOOLS - SELENIUM IDE
• Selenium IDE
• Firefox extension
• Record and playback interactions
• Use it to
• Create quick bug reproduction scripts
• Create scripts to aid in automation-aided exploratory
testing

TOOLS - SELENIUM RC
• Selenium Remote Control
• Server
• Automatically launches and kills browsers
• Acts as a HTTP proxy for web requests from them
• Client libraries
• for your favourite computer language
• Deprecated

TOOLS - SELENIUM WEBDRIVER
• Successor to Selenium RC
• Driving a browser natively
• Accepts commands > browser
• Sent in Selenese or Client API
• Using a browser driver

TOOLS - SELENIUM GRID
• Web browsers on remote machines
• One server acts as a hub
• Tests contact hub to access browsers
• Running tests in parallel

COMMANDS
• Selenese
• 3 types
• Actions
• Accessors
• Assertions

SCRIPT SYNTAX
• Command + 2 parameters
• Not always required
• Parameters
• Locator
• Text pattern to verify
• Text pattern or variable to insert

LOCATOR
• Identiﬁes an element
• identiﬁer
• id
• name
• XPath
• link text
• DOM
• CSS

LOCATOR - IDENTIFIER
• identifier=loginForm
• identifier=password
• identifier=continue
• username 
<html>
<body>
<form id="loginForm">
<input name="username" type="text"/>
<input name="password" type="password"/>
<input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/>
<input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/>
</form>
<a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a>
</body>
<html>

LOCATOR - ID
• id=loginForm 
<html>
<body>
</form>
</body>
<html>

LOCATOR - NAME
• name=username
• name=continue
• name=continue value=Clear
• name=continue Clear
• name=continue type=button 
<html>
<body>
</form>
</body>
<html>

LOCATOR - XPATH
• xpath=/html/body/form[1]
• //form[1]
• xpath=//form[@id='loginForm']
• xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] 
<html>
<body>
</form>
</body>
<html>

LOCATOR - XPATH
• //input[@name='username']
• //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] 
<html>
<body>
</form>
</body>
<html>

LOCATOR - XPATH
• //input[@name='continue'][@type='button']
• //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] 
<html>
<body>
</form>
</body>
<html>

LOCATOR - LINK
• link=Register 
<html>
<body>
</form>
</body>
<html>

LOCATOR - DOM
• dom=document.getElementById('loginForm')
• dom=document.forms['loginForm']
• dom=document.forms[0] 
<html>
<body>
</form>
</body>
<html>

LOCATOR - DOM
• document.forms[0].username
• document.forms[0].elements['username']
• document.forms[0].elements[0] 
<html>
<body>
</form>
</body>
<html>

LOCATOR - DOM
• document.forms[0].elements[3] 
<html>
<body>
</form>
</body>
<html>

LOCATOR - CSS
• css=form#loginForm 
<html>
<body>
</form>
</body>
<html>

LOCATOR - CSS
• css=input[name="username"]
• css=input.req[type="text"]  
<html>
<body>
<input class=“req” name="username" type="text"/>
<input class="req pwd" name="password" type="password"/>
</form>
</body>
<html>

LOCATOR - CSS
• css=input.pwd
• css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) 
<html>
<body>
<input class="req" name="username" type="text"/>
<input class="req pwd" name="password" type="password"/>
</form>
</body>
<html>

LOCATOR - CSS
• css=#loginForm input[type="button"] 
<html>
<body>
</form>
</body>
<html>

TEXT PATTERNS
• Globbing
• Regular expressions
• Exact

TEXT PATTERNS - GLOBBING
• glob:
• *
• Match anything inside character class
• [ ]
• Character class
• [aeiou]
• [0-9]
• [a-zA-Z0-9]

TEXT PATTERNS – REGULAR
EXPRESSIONS
• regexp: or regexpi:
PATTERN MATCH
. any single character
[ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets
* quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)
+ quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)
? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)
{1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)
|
alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the
right
( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier

TEXT PATTERNS - EXACT
• Exact:
• “Real *”
• glob:Real * will also match “Real number”
• exact:Real *
• regexp:Real *

TEST CASE
• Set of Selenium commands
• Executed one by one

TEST SUITES
• A test suite is a collection of tests
• <html> 
<head>  
<title>Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1</title>  
</head>  
<body>  
<table> 
<tr><td><b>Suite Of Tests</b></td></tr> 
<tr><td><a href="./ultimateQuestionOfLive.html">Ultimate question of live</a></td></tr> 
<tr><td><a href="./recursion.html">Recursion</a></td></tr> 
</table> 
</body> 
</html>

COMMONLY USED
COMMANDS
• open
• opens a page using a URL.
• click/clickAndWait
• performs a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.
• waitForPageToLoad
• pauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when
clickAndWait is used.
• waitForElementPresent
• pauses execution until an expected UI element, as deﬁned by its HTML tag, is present
on the page.

COMMONLY USED
COMMANDS
• verifyTitle/assertTitle
• verifies an expected page title.
• verifyTextPresent
• verifies expected text is somewhere on the page.
• verifyElementPresent
• verifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the
page.
• verifyText
• verifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.

ASSERTION ORVERIFICATION
• Assert
• Fail test, abort current test case
• Verify
• Fail test, continue to run the test case

TIP - BASEURL
<tr> 
<td>store</td> 
<td>http://domain</td> 
<td>baseUrl</td> 
</tr> 
 
<! – … --> 
 
<tr> 
<td>open</td> 
<td>${baseUrl}/page</td> 
<td></td> 
</tr>

TIP – OVERWRITE METHOD
<tr>
<td>getEval</td>
<td>window._oldFooBar = window.fooBar;
window.fooBar = function(arg1, arg2) {
window._oldFooBar(arg1, arg2);
window.fooBarData = {
arg1: arg1,
arg2: arg2
};
if (window.console){
window.console.log(window.fooBarData);
}
};</td>
<td></td>
</tr>

TIP – OVERWRITE METHOD
<tr>
<td>assertEval</td>
<td>window.fooBarData.arg1</td>
<td>baz</td>
</tr>

TIP – NO ORPHANEDTEXT
<a href=“/property/123”>
Koekoekstraat 70 - Melle
<em>235.000 EUR</em>
</a>
<a href=“/property/123”>
<span>Koekoekstraat 70 - Melle</span>
<em>235.000 EUR</em>
</a>

TIP – IDENTIFY FUNCTION
<button id="login-button">
<span>Login</span>
</button>
WAI-ARIA role landmarks
//li[@role="menuitem" and .=“About us ,”]

TIP – MAGNIUM
• Magium = Selenium + Magento

DEMO
• Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the
Universe, and Everything
• Recursion

DOCKERTOTHE RESCUE
• https://hub.docker.com/r/selenium/
• selenium/hub
• selenium/node-chrome
• selenium/node-ﬁrefox

DOCKER-COMPOSE
hub:
image: selenium/hub
ports:
- "4444:4444"
firefox:
image: selenium/node-firefox
links:
- hub
chrome:
image: selenium/node-chrome
links:
- hub

EXAMPLE
abstract class AbstractSeleniumTestCase extends TestCase 
{ 
 
protected $webDriverUrl = ‘http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub'; 
protected $webDriver; 
 
public function setUp() 
{ 
$this->webDriver = RemoteWebDriver::create(
$this->webDriverUrl, DesiredCapabilities::firefox()
); 
} 
 
public function tearDown() 
{ 
if ($this->webDriver) { 
$this->webDriver->quit();
 
} 
}
}

EXAMPLE
public function testRecursion() 
{ 
$this->webDriver->get('http://www.google.be'); 
$this->webDriver->findElement(WebDriverBy::id('lst-ib')) 
->sendKeys('Recursion')->submit(); 
 
$this->webDriver->wait(10, 300) 
->until( 
function ($webDriver) { 
try { 
$webDriver->findElement(WebDriverBy::cssSelector('a.spell')); 
return true; 
} catch (NoSuchElementException $ex) { 
return false; 
} 
} 
); 
 
$aSpellElement = $this->webDriver->findElement(WebDriverBy::cssSelector('a.spell')); 
$this->assertEquals("Recursion", $aSpellElement->getText()); 
$aSpellElement->click(); 
$this->takeScreenshot(__FUNCTION__); 
}

RESOURCES
• http://www.seleniumhq.org/
• https://github.com/becoded/talk-selenium-101
• https://github.com/facebook/php-webdriver
• http://magiumlib.com/

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