Session 2

Getting to know you
Name Classical Myers Brigs VARK
Lauren Andrews Sanguine/P ISFJ R
Keith Thomas Phlegmatic/M ESTJ A
Everest Aaron Phlegmatic/ ISFP R
Moonesh Baboo Melancholy/P ISFJ K
Sahadai Gadar-Baboo Melancholy/P I/E STJ R
Cheryl Ann Antoine Melancholy/P I/E SFJ R
Patricia Musai Melancholy/S ISFJ A/R
Abeo Gervais Melancholy/C ISFJ R
Allison Ross Sanguine/P ISTJ K

 What is Counseling?

 What is Christian Counseling?

 What is Pastoral Counseling?

 What is Pastoral Care?

Counseling is a science and an art . It is a
science because it applies techniques and
procedures that are utilized in helping a
person to understand their situations and
employ the most adequate solutions for
problem solving and life change; it is an art
because it allows the therapist to use unique
or own personality and experiences in
assisting the client.

Counseling is the process by which a
professional relationship allows an
individual to be equipped to deal with
crisis/life’s circumstances.

Counseling refers to the application of
mental health, psychological or human
development principles, through
cognitive, affective, behavioral or
systematic intervention (Gladding p. 6)

Counseling is an applied social
science that helps individuals get
better understanding of themselves
to handle their roles & relationships
effectively.

Counseling attempts to provide
encouragement and guidance for those
who are facing losses, decisions, or
disappointments…stimulate personality
growth and development; help people
cope more effectively with the problems
of living, with inner conflict and with
crippling emotions… (Collins 1988, p.16)

Christian Counseling may be defined as an
art and a science of applying Biblical
principles to treat clients’ issues with the use
of all the rudiments of professional
counseling.

Sin is the primary focus of mankind’s dysfunction
(Rom 5:12-14)
Salvation, and transformation through counseling from
the gospel is the primary solution.
Scripture is authoritative and necessary for
Christian counseling because it is God’s soul care
guidebook

Triune
God

Self Others

Material Universe

A Four-Dimensional
Relational Model

Pastoral Counseling is being able a pastor to
effectively listen, discern, interpret and access
a situation using Biblical principles to wisely
help the individual or patient develop inner
strength to cope until they are able to over
come.
Christian Counseling may be defined as an art
and a science of applying Biblical principles to
treat clients’ issues with the use of all the
rudiments of professional counseling.

 Pastoral counseling is the application or
employment of psychotherapeutic
techniques by trained members of the
clergy to assist parishioners who seek
help for personal or emotional problems.
 This area of counseling incorporates, but
does not impose, religious values and
spirituality. Pastoral Counselors will talk
with you about your religious values and
spirituality.

YES
 Pastoral counseling incorporates religious
values, prayer and reading from the
scripture together with professional
counseling teaching, science and
techniques.
 Christian counseling generally does not
incorporate the scientific or professional
teachings and relies more on a strictly
Christ-centered approach to healing.

To give watchful attention to or to be
concerned about the feeding, well
being, and growth of the flock.

Definitions
Hulme 1981
Pastoral Care Pastoral Counseling
• a supportive  one-to-one
ministry to people relationships or in
and those close to groups …that
them who are assist them in
experiencing that working through
familiar trials: illness, pressing
surgery, death, problems…
bereavement, etc.

Differences

Pastoral Care Pastoral Counseling
• Demonstrates  Demonstrates
general empathy specific empathy
• Intimate but not  Intimate and

personal personal
 Build relationship
• Demonstrates
general courtesy

Similarities
The relationship between pastoral care and
pastoral counseling is intertwined,
emphasizing the importance of helping
people at various levels: providing support,
encouragement and direction.
Within the church pastoral care operates as
an initiation (immediate or delayed) to
pastoral counseling, and likewise, pastoral
counseling utilizes qualities of pastoral care
in its execution (empathy, genuineness and
non-judgememt).

Pastoral counseling came into being when
pastors decided to incorporate psychology and
psychologists wanted to incorporate religion into
counseling sessions. There are hundreds of
pastoral counseling agencies throughout the
United States and other countries.

An association was created in 1960 by a group of
local pastors and community leaders. They are
also accredited to train pastoral counselors. One
of the most immediate and pressing goals is to
diversify the staff and client base.

 Pastoral counseling is to guide you in the
process of self-exploration while
providing a safe, accepting spiritual
environment
 Pastoral counseling will help you see
yourself from an outside perspective.

Pastoral counseling has incorporated
much from the psychological discipline
(Hulme 1981) and is criticized as
becoming a psychological or
psychotherapeutic discipline of its own
(Ibid).

Therefore the traditional religious base and
approach to pastoral counseling has lost
its uniqueness

Guidance Is the process serious
Focuses on of
problems
helping people make
Psychotherapy important choices
associated with
that affect their lives.
Psychology intra-psychic, that
The science
Help clients to
…(Gladding p.5)
internal, personal
systematically
Helping The ability to (p.6)
manage their
issues/conflict
studies behavior
Motivation stimulate a in living to
problems person
and experiences
Operate as an
operate or behave in
more effectively
The systematic
Intervention agent between
a selected training
way
An authoritative
process ofand
the client
Coaching entitypersonal
their that
and assimilation in
order to confronta
determines how
issue
Mediation
issues is settled or
dispute

 Guidance focuses on helping individuals
choose what they value most.
 Counseling focuses on helping
individuals make changes.

 Psychotherapy focuses on causing
change
 Counseling focuses on assisting the
person to change
 They have different clients
› Psychotherapist – deals with neurosis (mental
dysfunctions)
› Counselor – deals with persons with poor
coping and decision making skills.

 Motivation stimulates a person through
external influence and reward
 Counseling focuses on empowering the
person to effect life change

Psychology Spirituality
• Focus on God
 Focus on the mind
• Describes the source
 Describe human
of man
experiences and • Applies Faith
behaviors • Understand the
 Applies Logic meaning (source) of
 Understand the being
structure of being
Psychology can not deduce the meaning or morality of
life while Theology/Spirituality is not equip to explore the
dynamics of personality.

 Unique Assumptions – Sin is the primary
cause (fall of man) of man’s deprived
state and that restoration/forgiveness of
God through salvation and
transformation will make man ‘totally
whole’.
 Unique Goals – To stimulate spiritual
growth by encouraging confession of sin,
experience divine forgiveness and
commit lives to Jesus Christ.

 Unique Methods – The application of
prayer and faith in God are cornerstones
of pastoral counseling.
 Unique Counselor-Characteristics –
Demonstrate personal reliance upon the
same factors of salvation, transformation
and a relationship with God.
 Unique Giftedness

In the Church In an Agency
(Counselor: Pastor) (Counselor: Professional)
The counselor may only be trained The counselor has received formal
within a Biblical context, which will training in understanding behavior
be used in guiding the counseling and approaches to counseling.
process. There is no defined demographic
Most persons who are counseled by (grouping) that comes for counseling
this person are members of the at the agency.
church/constituency. Agency counselors do not have any
Church counselors generally have previous contact with clients before
personal contact with persons before counseling.
the initiation of counseling. People gravitate towards the agency
Persons gravitate towards the church counselor because of reputation.
counselor because of relationship.

In the Church In an Agency
(Counselor: Pastor) (Counselor: Professional)
The church counselor may have the The agency counselor relies totally
ability to enhance the story of the upon the story of the client during the
client from sources outside the counseling relationship.
counseling relationship. The agency counselor does not have
The church counselor generally has any contact with persons close to the
direct contact with persons close to client; except by consent.
the person coming for counseling. The agency counselor can not cross
The church counselor may be engaged reference independent counseling
in counseling persons close or related relationships; except for couples,
to the person. family and group counseling.
Church counseling is used to guide a Agency counseling is used to explore
person morally/spiritually. choices.

 The actions of people are as a result of
basic desires and needs.
 Basic Needs
› Love
› Acceptance/Belonging
› Companionship/Support
› Identity and Direction (who am I?)
 If a needs are not fulfilled people
become dysfunctional .

 Low Self-Esteem
 Poor Judgment Skills
 Dependency
 Mistrust/Rejection
 Isolation
 Anxiety/Double Mindedness

 Anger
 Suspicion
 Resentment
 Loneliness
 Frustration
 Depressed

S.A.L.T. stands for stressed, angry, lonely, and tired/
threatened

The effect of an issue/problem on a person’s life:
• View of Self
• Choices
• Response to situations
• View of Others
• Expectations
• Relationships
• Functioning
• Health

Public
(Superficial) Self

Private (Hidden)
Self

Extravert Introvert (Closed)
(Open)

More is revealed More is hidden
than hidden than revealed

What Counseling is Not! What Counseling Is!

≠ It is not about giving  Providing a support
advice base for people
≠ It is not about the
coercion of people
 It focuses on the
into your way of needs of the client
thinking  Provides realistic
≠ It is not about working tools that can be
out someone’s used by the client
problem for them
≠ It is not telling the
client what to do
≠ Not criticizing the
client

 Caught = the condition (sinfulness)
 Restore = the mission (heart transformed)
 Gently = the attitude/character (do no
harm)
 Watch = the protection (watch self &
ministry); see also I Tim. 4:16
 Carry = daily goal (help bear burdens in
personal relationships with people)

The PREACH principle for development:
 − Physical
 − Resources
 − Emotional
 − Action
 − Conceptual
 − Historical

Adequately
Trained
13%

Need Training
87%

Survey conducted among pastors:

• Marriage Counseling •HIV/STI Counseling
• Family Counseling •Pastoral Counseling
• Career Counseling
 Psychoanalytic Therapy
• Financial Counseling
• Grief Counseling  Adlerian Therapy
• Substance Abuse  Existential Therapy
Counseling  Person-centered Therapy
• Rehabilitative  Gestalt Therapy
(behavioral) Counseling
• Mental Health  Behavioral Therapy
Counseling  Cognitive Behavioral
 Reality Therapy

Goals of Counseling
• Facilitating Behavior Change
• Improve ability to develop healthy
relationships
• Enhance coping skills
• Promote/ Improve decision making
skills
• Facilitating overall development of
the client
• Clients to develop a Christian/moral
base (salvation and transformation)

Negative Motives Positive Motives
• Emotional distress/displacement – • Is adjusted (have an identity)–
unresolved issues, and using copes with personal issues
someone else's problems to over
• Respect and appreciate self
shadow own.
• Vicarious Coping – Live their lives • Objective (Open to Change) –
through others ability to be open minded
• Filling Void of Loneliness – a since • Makes life oriented chooses
of feeling important to others • Can admit to mistakes
• Desire Power – Ability to control • Appreciate the influence of
others culture
• Need to Rescue – The counselor • Sincere interest in other
places self as the rescuer • Effective interpersonal skills
(personal healing)

 Empathy
• Affect  Ethics
• Anxiety  Expectations
• Behavior  Feelings
• Client  Grief
• Cognition  Guidance
• Confidentiality  Intervention
• Coping Skills  Mood
• Counseling  Needs
• Crisis  Problems
• Denial  Psychology
• Depression  Stress
• Diagnosis  Sympathy
• Disorder  Therapy
• Dysfunction  Trauma

Session 2

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Session 2