Session 23 ic2011 cheng
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Thermogravimetric analysis with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) was used to analyze the pyrolysis and gasification of woody biomass, coal, and their mixtures. Yellow poplar, red oak, and Kingwood coal were tested individually and in various mixtures. The results showed that biomass decomposes at lower temperatures than coal, releasing gaseous products like CO2, CH4, CO, and H2O. Adding biomass to coal was found to enhance and stimulate the pyrolysis and gasification processes of coal. The study provides insight into how different biomass materials may influence the thermal decomposition of coal.
Session 23 ic2011 cheng
- 1. TGA-FTIR ANALYSIS OF WOODY BIOMASS AND COAL FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION Qingzheng (George) Cheng1, Jingxin Wang1 Kaushlendra Singh1, John Zondlo2 1Division of Forestry and Natural Resources 2Chemical Engineering West Virginia University , Morgantown, WV 26506 FPS Conference, Portland, Orogon June 21, 2011 1 Outline • Introduction • Objectives • Materials and Methods • Results • Conclusions 2 1
- 2. Introduction Source: Energy Information Administration (2007) Introduction Source: Energy Information Administration (2007) 2
- 3. Introduction Opportunity • Reduced use of nonrenewable fuels, • Less dependence on imported fuel sources, • Rural economy development, and • Reduced GHG emissions • To use available, abundant, renewable, resources ranging from plant to animal biomass, or other renewable resources. 5 Introduction Biomass is plant matter such as trees, grasses, agricultural crops or other biological materials. It can be used as a solid fuel, or converted into liquid or gaseous forms, for the production of electric power, heat, or chemicals. Biofuel is any gas, liquid, or solid fuel derived either from recently living organisms or from their metabolic by-products. Source (Wang et al. 2006) 6 3
- 4. Introduction Electricity Generation • 90% of electricity generation in West Virginia came from coal. 7 Introduction Coal vs. Wood or Coal + Wood ? Coal : 8,000-15,000 Btu/Ib, 27% volatile, 45-86% carbon Wood: 7,000-9,000 Btu/Ib, 70-80% volatile, 20-26% carbon 8 4
- 5. Introduction (CBTL) • Most economical until other resources available to produce liquid fuels at lower costs; • One potential way of reducing the carbon emission of coal to liquid fuels; • Enhance rural community and economic development. (Wu, Wang, Cheng and DeVallance. International J of Energy Research 2011) 9 Objectives Specific objectives Pyrolysis and gasification in TGA/FTIR system: Use TGA/FTIR system (thermogravimetric analysis- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) to conduct pyrolysis and gasification for coal and biomasss mixtures and analyze the resulting gaseous components. 10 5
- 6. Materials Yellow poplar Red oak Kingwood Coal King- 90 80 70 50 20 wood Yellow 10 20 30 50 80 poplar Red oak --- 20 --- --- --- 11 Methodology TGA-FTIR TGA-FTIR FTIR Interface Connection line TGA 12 6
- 7. Methodology • Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) T: room-950 °C, 10 °C/min (natrigen flow rate 50 ml/min) • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR): Resolution: range at 4 cm-1 Spectra collected every 30 s 13 Results Yellow poplar 14 7
- 8. Results Yellow poplar 15 Results Red oak 16 8
- 9. Results Red oak 17 Results Kingwood coal 18 9
- 10. Results Weight loss of wood vs coal 19 Results Weight loss Td of KW coal + YP (10 to 80) 469 °C 78.2% 20 10
- 11. Results 3D FTIR of diff Kingwood : YP ratios 21 Results Kingwood +YP vs RO=80:20 22 11
- 12. Conclusions Thermal analysis demonstrates that woody biomass sources are easily decomposed, with most of their weight lost under lower temperature compared with coal. The biomass pyrolysis process could be divided into different stages: moisture evaporation, hemicellulose decomposition, cellulose and lignin degradation. Woody biomass could enhance/stimulative coal pyrolysis/gasification. Different biomass may have different influences. The main gaseous products from the pyrolysis of biomass, coal, and their mixture with different ratios included CO2, CH4, CO, H2O and some organics (a mixture of acids, aldehydes (C=O), alkanes (C–C), and ethers (C–O–C)). 23 Thanks! 24 12