Shah medium of instruction
- 1. University of Sindh Jamshoro Faculty of Education Dr. Amjad Ali Arain Presentation By: Shah Bakhsh Roll No. M/Edu/2K16/42
- 3. Definition “Medium of instruction is the language that is used in teaching. It may or may not be the official language.” Mother Language as Medium of Instruction “Mother languages are essential to providing quality education, which in turn supports the achievement of the new global development agenda.” Irina Bokova (Director General UNESCO)
- 4. Philosophy of Mother Tongue as Medium of instruction • According to the experts the best medium of instruction is the mother tongue for the students. Usage of the an other language will affect their learning ability and they will left behind from those who are learning in their mother tongue.
- 5. Cont… • According to Prof Mujib of Jamia Millia (Delhi), when a child is learning in a second language he translate a world in 17 seconds from foreign language to his mother tongue and then retranslate to the foreign language in other words when a student is talking to his teacher it take him 34 second to translate and retranslate. So imagine how much time he is wasting instead of direct approach.
- 6. Medium of Instruction in top 10 literacy ranked countries • In South Korea, Korean is used in most schools (including Universities and Colleges). • In Finland, Finnish is the language used in most schools, but Swedish, also an official national language, is used in a number of schools. • In Greenland, Danish and Greenlandic are the languages of instruction but more courses are becoming available in English. • In Latvia, 60% of all subjects are taught in Latvian and 40% in a national minority language.
- 7. Contd… • In Liechtenstein, West Greenlandic is used in Greenland's schools, and is the sole medium of instruction in primary schools. Germany and English are used in Tertiary Education. • In Estonia, as of 2011, there were 463 Estonian- medium schools, 62 Russian-medium schools and 36 mixed medium schools, 25% of vocational education being in Russian while the remainder Estonian. In higher education, 90.2% is in Estonian, 7.8% in Russian and 1.85% in English.
- 8. Contd… • In Cuba, the colonial experience of Cuba makes Spanish the most widely spoken language here. Spanish is official language and medium of instruction in schools. • In Azerbaijan, Azeri is the main language of instruction. Instruction in Russian and to a lesser extent in English at both secondary and post secondary level is also offered in some educational institutions. Georgian is the language of instruction in secondary schools in the Georgian-populated northern regions. • In Georgia, most schools conduct education in Georgian. The number of Azerbaijani schools is being reduced.
- 9. Contd… • THE TRILINGUAL EDUCATION SYSTEM IN LUXEMBOURG Medium of Instruction • Nursery school • only Letzeburgesch • Primary school • first years: Letzeburgesch • transition to German by the end of grade six • German is taught as a subject in the first year • French is introduced at the end of grade two • Secondary schools • for the first three years, most classes (general and technical) are taught in German • French replaces German in the fourth grade • some classes are still taught in German • - complementary • pupils have a less well– developed knowledge of French
- 10. Medium of instruction in South Asian Countries • In India, the medium of instruction varies among English, Hindi and the respective states’ official languages. Private schools usually prefer English, and public (primary/secondary education) schools tend to go with one of the last two. However, the medium of instruction in colleges and universities is always either English or a regional language. Literacy rank : 185 , Literacy Rate: 62.8% • In Sri Lanka, Sinhala, Tamil and English are Medium of instruction. Literacy rank : 129 , Literacy Rate: 91.2%
- 11. Contd… • In Bangladesh, Bengali and English are used as mediums of instruction. Literacy rank : 193 , Literacy Rate: 57.7% • In Maldives, English is medium of instruction in all but the local language, Dhivehi, is also used extensively. Literacy rank: 57 , Literacy Rate: 98.4% • In Nepal, the medium of instruction in school was made Nepali language after the restoration of democracy in 1990. Literacy rank : 194 , Literacy Rate: 57.4% • In Bhutan, English is medium of instruction, while the National language is Dzongkha. Literacy rank : 200 , Literacy Rate: 52.8%
- 12. Contd… • In Pakistan, most public schools use Urdu, but private schools have English as medium of instruction. Literacy rank : 199 , Literacy Rate: 54.9% 43% 15% 14% 11% 8% 4% 5% Languages spoken in Pakistan Punjabi Pashto Sindhi Siraiki Urdu Balochi Others
- 13. • Punjab: Government of the Punjab ordered to teach Science and Mathematics in English in each school vide Notification No. PS/SSE/Misc/2009/176 dated 18-09-2009. 75.20% 17.40% 4.50% 1.20%0.70% 0.10% 0.90% Languages spoken in Punjab Punjabi Siraiki Urdu Pashto Balochi Sindhi others
- 14. 73% 18.13% 3.90% 1%1% 1%1% 0.70% Languages spoken in KPK Pashto Hindko Siraiki Khowar Kohistani Urdu Punjabi others KPK: The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government, led by Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf, has changed the medium of instruction in public schools from Urdu to English from April 2014.
- 15. Sindh: In the rural areas of Sindh the medium of instruction is Sindhi while Urdu in urban areas. English is also medium of instruction in private schools. 60% 21.10% 7.00% 4% 2% 1% 5% Languages spoken in Sindh Sindhi Urdu Punjabi Pashto Balochi Siraiki Others
- 16. 54.80% 29.60% 13% 5.60% 2.50% 2.40% 1% 4.10% Languages spoken in Balochistan Balochi Pashto Brahvi Sindhi Punjabi Siraiki Urdu Others
- 17. • Balochistan: in Balochistan the medium of instruction is Urdu in public sector school and English as medium of instruction in private schools. • Balochistan cabinet in January 2014 approved the inclusion of regional languages in educational curriculum of the province as a first step towards promotion of indigenous languages. • The cabinet decided to include Balochi, Brahvi, Pashto, Persian and Sindhi in educational curriculum of the province.