Site Organization.ppt

Chapter – 6
Construction Site Organization
and
Management

Site management
It is the day-to-day on site control of a construction
project. The purpose is:-
 to prepare the site for the construction,
 to keep it within the timescale and budget,
 to tackle with any delays or problems
 to ensure quality, health and safety
 to coordinate communications between all
parties involved in the on-site development and
with the public.
Construction Site Organization and
Management

 The site-based management can make significant
improvements in the cost and time savings during the
construction process without involving a mass of
additional work.
 The role of site managers is to control and maintain
work performance and then taking actions to rectify
situations where performance is unsatisfactory.
Management

Site Management, in general, involves many tasks,
such as
 Site investigation before construction process starts,
 Material delivery and procurement management,
 Keeping better site records,
 Keeping good site communication and high level of
information flow,
 Monitoring performance regularly, establishing a well
co-ordination system among different parts, and
 Performing a good site layout planning.
Management

Construction site layout planning (site planning):
 It is the process of determining what temporary
facilities (TF) will be needed during construction,
where each TF will be placed on site and the
duration each TF will occupy a finite area on site.
It is prepared by the contractor as part of their
mobilization activities before work on site
commences.
 Construction site must be carefully organized so
that construction activity is in full swing or ensuring
the continuous (uninterrupted) operation during
construction.
Management

Construction site layout planning Objective:
 Site must be designed to maximize efficiency of operations in
order to promote worker productivity, to shorten project time
and to reduce cost
 It must create a project with a good work environment in order
to attract and retain the best personnel and thus contribute to
better work quality and productivity.
 A well planned site including all facilities and utilities lead to:
increasing efficiency utilization of resources( productivity,
materials) and safety reducing area(s) needed for temporary
construction maximizing utilization. A detailed planning of the site
layout and location of temporary facilities can make improvement by
minimizing travel time, waiting time, and increasing worker morale by
showing better and safer work environment.
Management

 If there is no effective and systematic approach to site
planning, extensive time loss and cost overruns could
result in large projects, where the number of manpower,
subcontractors, and equipment involved are high.
 It is a part of technical preparation of the construction
site in case of physically challenging situations such as:
 small/narrow space on plots
 significant inclination
 heavy traffic
 obstacles in material logistic
 heritage protected buildings, objects, zones
 special technical challenges
Management

What are the requirements ?
A. Optimization: time, cost, material logistic and transport.
B. Minimize: accidents, damage and health injury, resource
consumption, transport times, material loss and waste.
C. Maximize: work safety, work and operation efficiency.
It is not a static plan –a process is planed!
Methods
A. Intuitive method: based on personal experience, company
traditions and random decisions.
B. Computer aided method: Based on mathematical models:
Generic algorithm
Fuzzy logic system
Neutral network
Management

Management
Influencing Factors

The ways to improve the efficiency of the construction site
layout planning are
 Good and systematic early planning
 Requires knowledge and experience about the site
layout
 Increase the level of safety at construction site
 Good communication among workers in conveying
information
 Provides design guidelines and examples of good and
efficient site layout
 Using software to simulate the course of activities at
construction site
Management

 Problems That Occur Due to Poor Site Layout
 Failure to plan the site layout in advance is a prime cause of
operational inefficiency, and can increase the overall cost of
a project substantially.
 In the absence of a precise site layout plan, the following
problems may occur.
Management
A. Someone guesses to be the correct location. This problem may
involve double or triple handling of materials to another location. For
example:
 They may stocked over a drainage line or near the edge of excavation;
 They are too far from the work area;
 They are too remote from the hoist or not within the radius of the crane;
 They impede the smooth flow of work traffic across the site;
 Their delivery was wrongly phased, and they are not needed until much
later in the project;

Management
B. Plant and equipment wrongly located. For example:
 The mixer is inaccessible for the delivery of materials;
not enough room for the storage of aggregates;
 Fixed cranes are unable to reach all parts of the works;
 Hoists have insufficient capacity or height to handle the
loads or badly located in relation to the floor layout;
C. Inadequate space allowed. Where inadequate space is
allowed for the stacking of materials or activities:
 Materials may be stacked to high or stacked on roadways
causing hazards.
 Working areas may become too cramped or additional
areas may have to be allocated with the consequent
waste of time caused by having to travel between them.

Management
D. Site huts /Sheds wrongly located in relation to their effective
use such as:
 Site office located too near noisy activities such as mixer,
or located too near to site roads in dusty conditions, or
too remote with insufficient overview of the site.
 Warehouses having inadequate access for loading and
unloading or located in insecure area.
Therefore,
before moving on to a site, it is necessary to prepare a
detailed site plan, showing the positions to be taken by
every item of equipment, accommodation, ancillary work
areas and materials storage areas.

The Effect of Poor Site Layout Design
 Double handling materials
 Accident occurs at the site
 Vandalism and material lost
 Increase distance travels in site
 Increase cost of project
 Increase completion time of project
 Reduce the quality of works
Management

Construction site layout involves
 Identifying, Sizing, and Placing temporary facilities
(TFs) within the boundaries of construction site.
 These temporary facilities range from simple lay-
down areas to warehouses, fabrication shops,
maintenance shops, batch plant, and residence
facilities
Management
 Site Layout Elements

Site Layout Elements
■ Safety:
– Fire prevention, fire extinguishers are basic
requirements on a construction project
– Medical services: a first aid kit is a must. In remote
projects a well-equipped medical room with a doctor
and nurse is important
– Construction safety clothing
■ Site Accessibility; easy accessibility will keep the morale
of the equipment and vehicle drivers high, minimize the
chance of accidents, and save time in maneuvering to
arrive at and leave the project (roads, parking lots)
Management

■ Information Signs
– Site map showing gates escape ways;
– Traffic regulatory signs
– Display of safety rules
– Emergency routes and underground services
■ Security
– Entrance (proper guard entrance to the site)
– Lighting (standby generator to maintain site lighting)
– Fencing (boundaries should be fenced off from a
security point of view)
Management

■ Accommodation
– It is necessary to provide camp accommodation for
all type of staff involved in the project
■ Offices
– Offices should be close together, close to the site, and
in a safe area
– Provide proper office equipment
■ Water Supply and Sanitation
– It is necessary to have water and toilet facilities in
convenient
– locations to accommodate the work force
Management

■ Material Handling
– One third or more of all construction operations can be
classified as material handling
– Use of proper equipment for handling and planning for
minimizing multiple handling results in cost and time savings
■ Storage and site cleaning
– Laydown areas; storage of large materials and equipment
– Warehouses: sheltered storage facilities
– Material staging areas: materials are stored near the work on
a short-term basis
– Site cleaning: It is necessary to keep work place clean from
debris
Management

■ Craft Change-Houses
– It provides sheltered space for craft personnel to change and
store clothes, wash, and rest during waiting periods
■ Batch plant and Fabrication Shops
– Batch plants are provided on projects where it is more
economical to produce concrete on site
– Aggregate storage piles, cement silos and admixture tanks will
accompany an on-site batch plant
– Shops are used where materials and equipment are fabricated
on site: electrical, mechanical, carpentry, etc.
– Testing shops used to house the testing equipment
Management

Management

Temporary Facilities Characteristics
■ Satisfying environmental and safety regulations (batch plant,
etc.)
■ Availability of diverse solutions for the same problem (build
on site, rent a building, ..)
■ Relatively short life span of a specific location
■ Reutilization with a minimum loss for the same or modified
function at another location
■ Easy of assembly, dismantling, and exploitation; Prefabricated
modules are ideal for constructing temporary facilities and they
are usually easy to assemble and dismantle
■ Standardization of design; This approach makes the
maintenance, transportation and storage of temporary facilities
easy. The benefits of the learning curve can be gained from
repetitive field operations

Considerations of selecting temporary facilities:
■ Construction type: The construction of an industrial
plant, power plant, requires more storage and
fabrication area than other projects such as a highway
project
■ Type of contract: For turn-key contract, the
contractor can consolidate the administrative and
construction operations, means fewer but larger and
more efficient temporary facilities can be selected. On
the other hand, if the project is managed under a
series of different contracts, this will translate into a
higher number of smaller temporary facilities serving
each individual contractor.
Construction Site Organization and Management
Facilities Selection

Considerations of selecting temporary facilities:
■ Project size: A small project can be managed from a
trailer or portable structure. While a five to ten year
project may need temporary facilities of a more
permanent nature
■ Project location: Projects located in uninhabited regions
or in places where skilled labor is scarce require
additional facilities for eating and living. Project far from
industrial centers require more on site services such as
batch plant, equipment maintenance shops, long term
storage area, and even some other recreational centers for
the families

Construction Site Zones
Management
 Central zone: The structure and the
closest place around. (Usually place
for tower crane, lifting equipment,
scaffolding)
 Internal zone: Uploading places,
active depots (e.g. formwork,
prefabricated elements, etc.)
 Intermediate zone: The tower crane
still reaches this zone. Facilities of
prefabrication, inactive depots.
 External zone: The tower crane
does not reaches this zone. Ideal for
temporary facilities, staging
buildings, parking places, small
machine and power tool container,
etc.

Construction Site Zones
Management
L1: local labor force (5 km from
site). No lodging or transportation
needs
L2: nearby labor force (5 - 60 km
from site). No lodging needs, but
daily transportation needed
L3: far away (more than 60 km
from site). Lodging facilities
needed

■ Temporary facilities list
Management

■ The size of temporary facilities is mainly
based on
– Manpower requirements
– Estimated quantity of work
– Production rate of resources
– Availability of site space, and
– Cost considerations
– safety regulations
Management

■ Rules of thumb of sizing temporary facilities
Management
■ Rules of thumb of sizing temporary facilities: offices

■ Rules of thumb of sizing temporary facilities: project cost
Management
■ Material Storage Area

Management
TRAFFIC ON THE SITE
Temporary or final roads should satisfy
 gradient of the slopes: <10% (<15%) , one track lane:
3,00m and two track lane: (5,50-6,00m)
 material: compressed soil, crushed stone, concrete,
asphalt, etc.
 minimal turning radius: depends of the machinery
 turning of machinery: (around the axis), Y-turn, U-
turn, roundabout
 parking space requirement: for the working staff + site
management
 entrances: passenger and vehicles separated (keep
close to minimum)

Simplified Step By Step
1) Collect all the input information and questions about the building
2) Collect all the input information and questions about the site and environment
3) Arrange the site layout, make your decisions:
a. Mark the neighborhood and the environment (roads, trees, etc.)
b. Mark the site and the existing elements of the building
c. Main equipment
d. Main materials and depots
e. Inside roads
f. Welfare facilities (calculated amount)
g. Health & safety objects
h. Further materials (e.g. sound proofing) and waste containers
i. Further equipment (scaffolding, etc.)
j. Further objects
k. Infrastructures
l. Compose the construction description
4) Check the layout, check the activity schedule, check the resource, check the cost
Management

Site Planning Step By Step
 Step 1:- Site Geometry And Topography
Management

 Step 2 – Infrastructure and Traffic
Management

Step 3. Equipment and Installations
Management

Construction site layout plan document content
1.Graphic representations(Drawings):
site map
general site plan
organizational phase plans
detailed operation plans
2. Written documentations:
 technical description of the building (information on all kind
of input)
 detailed description of the selected technologies
 detailed site description (public roads, storages, depots,
materials, facilities, transportation, etc.)
 work safety documentation
 description on machinery, equipment, temporary objects
 waste management documentation
 supporting calculations and schedule
Management

7.INSURANCE
IN
CONSTRUCTIONINDUSTR
Y
..Insurance .ppt

Site Organization.ppt

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