Skeleton system
- 2. Learning Objectives 5 Major Functions of the skeleton 4 Different types of bones 4 Different types of joints and their range of movements Parts of a joint: Ligament, tendon, cartilage, Synovial fluid Names of bones Healthy management of bones
- 3. How do you think we will look like without skeleton?
- 4. Functions of skeleton • Shape • Support • Body movement • Protection • Blood cell formation
- 5. Function 1: Shape Bones provide basic shape and structure for the body
- 6. Function 2: Support The skeleton supports the soft tissues of the body as it forms a rigid framework to which our muscle, tendons, ligaments attach.
- 7. Function 3: Body Movement Bones act as levers for muscle attachment Our bones are levers which are pulled by the muscles to cause movement
- 8. Function 4: Protection Our bones are very strong and can provide protection to the vital organs. e.g. the skull protects the brain, and the ribs and sternum protect the heart and lungs
- 9. Function 5: Making Blood Cells Inside long bones is a substance called bone marrow, which makes new blood cells.
- 11. Types of bones Long Short Flat Irregular
- 12. Long Bones Any bone that is longer than its width Eg: Femur, Humerus
- 13. Short Bones As wide as they are long Eg: Bones such as the Carpals and Tarsals in the wrist and foot
- 14. Flat bones Strong, flat pieces of bone Can you think of others?
- 15. Irregular Bones Do not fit into any of the other categories and often have an unusual shape Vertebrae Sacrum Mandible
- 16. Some interesting facts 1. How many bones do we have in our body? 206 2. How many bones does the hand have? 27 3. Giraffes and humans have the same number of bones in their neck. True or False
- 17. 22 bones in skull 6 in middle ears 1 hyoid bone 26 in vertebral column 25 in thoracic cage 4 in pectoral girdle 60 in upper limbs 60 in lower limbs 2 in pelvic girdle 206 bones in all
- 18. Types of joints Ball and socket Hinge Pivot Gliding
- 19. Ball and Socket Joints enables the bone to move in a 360° angle. Which other joint is also ball and socket?
- 20. Hinge Joints - motion only in one plane (backward and forward) Which other joint is also hinged?
- 21. Pivot Joints - moves by rotating Which other joint is also pivoted?
- 22. Gliding Joints - Flat or slightly flat surfaces move against each other
- 23. Ligaments A tissue that connects bone to bone Video on Knee Anatomy
- 25. Tendons A tissue that connects muscle to bone
- 26. Cartilage A tissue that helps to prevent the bones from rubbing against each other and wearing down the bone.
- 27. Cartilages Knees Cartilage - Menicus Intervertebral Disc Cartilage
- 28. Synovial fluid A fluid that reduce friction between the joints during movement.
- 29. Name of bones Skull Mid Section Lower body (Pelvic) Upper Limb Lower Limb
- 30. Skulls
- 32. Rib Cage Clavicle (Collar Bone) Sternum
- 33. Shoulder Blade and Collar Bone
- 35. Bones of pelvis Male pelvis: anterior view Female pelvis: anterior view
- 36. Arms Humerus Radius Ulna Ulna
- 38. Tibia and Fibula
- 39. Healthy Management of Bones Our bones start becoming thinner and lose their density as we age. This will lead to Osteoporosis (A disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture) if we do not keep our bone healthy This is especially for women after menopause
- 40. Solution Calcium and phosphorous are minerals that give strength to bones. People must obtain these minerals from food. People who do not have enough of these minerals will have brittle bones and become stooped when they are old.
- 41. Top 8 food for Healthy, Stronger bones Milk Yogurt and Cheese Sardines Green-leafy Vegetables Soy Foods (Tofu) Fortified Foods (Food that has essential minerals and vitamins added eg: Orange Juice and Cereals) Calcium Supplements Nuts and Seeds (Almonds, Pistachios, sunflower seeds, seaweeds) http://www.themedguru.com/20100305/feature/top-8-foods-healthy-bones-86132627.html
- 42. Workout for Healthy Bones Aerobics Cycling Dancing - especially contra dancing, tap dancing, polka and other folk dances that involve stomping, hopping etc. Gardening Gymnastics Jogging Jumping rope or doing Jumping Jacks Race Walking Tennis Stair climbing - going down stairs is best Weight Bearing Exercise http://www.osteopenia3.com/bone-density-exercises.html