UNIT 1 OUR BODY SYSTEMS PRESENTAION FOR STUDENTS
- 1. UNIT 1 OUR BODY SYSTEMS
- 2. Body system is a group of organs that work together. 2 What is a body system?
- 4. What would happen if you did not have a skeleton as shown? Name at least three things you can and cannot do if you have no bones. What if humans had no bones? 3
- 5. Babies are born with about 300 bones, but adults only end up with 206? Some bones fuse as we grow! • Understand the major components of the human skeletal system • Explain the functions of the skeleton • Identify specific bones and their roles in the body Today, you’ll be able to: 4
- 6. It serves as a framework for the human body. It comprises bones and connective tissues, including cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. Bones are living tissues with blood supply. They constantly change and remodel as humans grow. The Skeletal System 5
- 7. The Skeletal System 5 Skeletal system consists of bones and joints. They form a structure called a skeleton. There are 206 bones for adults. (300 bones for newborn) Bones have different shapes and sizes. Joints connect two bones.
- 8. skull ribs humerus radius ulna femur tibia fibula spine Can you try to point out which bones the listed names refer to? Try to do it on your own without looking at other resources and see how many you can identify. Naming the Human Bones 6
- 9. skull ANSWER KEY spine humerus pelvis femur ribs radius ulna tibia fibula Naming the Human Bones Did you know that bones also serve as storehouses for two minerals: calcium and phosphorus? These minerals are essential for nerves and cells to function properly. 7
- 10. Carpal bone Femur Long Bone • Cylindrical in shape • Acts as a lever and helps support the weight of the body Short Bone • Small and compact • Designed for strength and stability Bones are classified according to their shapes. Types of Bones 8
- 11. Scapula Vertebra Flat Bone • Has a flat surface • Serves as a protector and a point of muscle attachment Irregular Bone • Has a complex shape • Has a variety of functions, such as protection and providing support Bones are classified according to their shapes. Types of Bones 9
- 12. Lesson Checkpoint Name the bones below! What types of bones are they, and what are their primary functions? 10
- 13. Lesson Checkpoint Name the bones below! What types of bones are they, and what are their primary functions? ANSWER KEY Sternum (flat) protection of heart and lungs Pelvis (irregular) attachment of muscles Tibia (long) weight-bearing 11
- 14. The spine of an average adult is made up of 26 bones. coccyx (tailbone) sacrum 24 individual vertebrae Support It gives shape and support to the body. The spine, for example, helps humans maintain an upright position. Functions of the Skeleton 12
- 15. Protection Bones protect our internal organs. For example, the skull protects our brain, while the ribcage safeguards the heart and lungs. Functions of the Skeleton The human skull consists of 22 bones fused together. These bones cannot move except for the mandible (lower jaw). 13
- 16. Movement Bones team up with joints and muscles to allow movement. As muscles contract, they pull on the bones, enabling people to walk, run, jump and engage in various activities. Functions of the Skeleton Bones in the elbows and knees are joined by flexible joints. These joints allow the bones to glide, swing or rotate. 14
- 17. Producing Blood Cells Red and white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow—a soft, spongy material in the hollow centre of a person’s bones. Functions of the Skeleton In adults, most blood cells are produced in the spine, hips, ribs, and breastbone. In children, blood cell production takes place in the long bones, like the femur. 15
- 18. Choose one bone amongst all that you have learned today. What makes this bone unique and what is its role in the human body? Share your answers with a partner and prepare to discuss them in class. Bones and Beyond 16
- 19. Let’s Review! Choose the best answer. 17
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- 22. It serves as a framework for the body. It is comprised of bones and connective tissues. The Human Skeleton Bones in the human body are grouped as long, short, flat, and irregular. Types of Bones The skeletal system supports the body, protects organs, allows movement, and produces red blood cells. Functions of the Skeleton A Recap 20
- 23. page 1 Activity Book 4A Follow the instruction given on page 1. HOMEWORK 20
- 24. 20 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM JOINTS IN THE HUMAN BODY
- 25. 20 LET’S DISCUSS A joint, also known as an articulation, is any place where adjacent bones or bone and cartilage come together to form a connection. Joints are between two bones.. Joints allow for movement (e.g., limb movement) and stability (e.g., skull bones’ stability). DEFINITION OF JOINTS
- 26. 20 LET’S DISCUSS Ball and Socket joint Allows us to swing and move in circular motion (circles) Ball-and-socket joints consist of a spherical head of one bone fitting into a cup-like depression of another bone. Shoulder Pelvic/hip joint
- 27. 20 LET’S DISCUSS HINGE JOINT Allows to move back and forth in one direction elbows Knee Fingers and toes
- 28. 20 LET’S DISCUSS HINGE JOINT Allows to move back and forth in one direction elbows Knee Fingers and toes
- 30. 20 LET’S DISCUSS Muscular system is made of muscles. Muscles are thick, stretchy bands that cover our skeleton. Muscles are attached to the bones and pull on them to make them move. Muscular System
- 31. TYPES OF MUSCLES The muscular system is a complex network of tissues responsible for movement, stability, and various bodily functions. It consists of three main types of muscle tissue. Skeletal Muscles Cardiac Muscles Smooth Muscles
- 32. FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Heat Production Muscle contractions generate heat, crucial for regulating body temperature Posture and Stability Muscles aid in sustaining posture and stabilizing joints. Movement Skeletal muscles collaborate with the skeletal system to generate voluntary movements. Circulation Cardiac muscles propel blood, while smooth muscles in blood vessels regulate blood flow and pressure. Digestion Smooth muscles in the digestive tract facilitate the movement of food through the digestive system Respiration The diaphragm and intercostal muscles are pivotal for breathing.
- 33. Muscles often work in pairs. When one muscle contracts, the partner muscle relaxes.
- 34. Skeletal and muscular systems must work together. Without either one of them, we are not able to move.
- 35. 1.3 Caring of skeletal and muscular system Have a balanced diet to keep our bones and muscles strong. * drink milk (calcium) - good for the bones * eat lean meat – good for the muscles Have a good posture - put less strain on our muscle and skeletal systems. -helps our body grow well. Exercise regularly
- 37. LET’S DISCUSS DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Digestive system is a group of organs that work together to digest food. Digestion is a process when food has to be chewed or chopped up and it will change into simple substances. - is the breaking down of food into small substances. Pathway of food in the digestive system
- 38. DIGESTIVE ORGANS The mouth is the first organ in the digestive system. It serves several essential functions: • Ingestion: Food enters the mouth, allowing the initial stage of digestion. • Mechanical Digestion (Chewing): Teeth break down large food pieces into smaller ones. • Chemical Digestion: Saliva initiates digestion by breaking down starch into sugar. MOUTH
- 39. DIGESTIVE ORGANS -Long tube that is connected to the stomach GULLET/ Esophagus
- 40. DIGESTIVE ORGANS - The stomach is a hollow organ, or "container," that holds food while it is being mixed with digestive juices. - After 2 -4 hours the digested food will be like a “thick soup” STOMACH
- 41. DIGESTIVE ORGANS -More digestive juices are added for digestion. -Digestion is completed here. -It is where the food gets absorbed from the intestine and into our body through the blood. SMALL INTESTINE DIGESTIVE ORGANS -also known as colon Any food that the body doesn’t need or can’t use it is sent to the large intestine and later leaves the body as waste. -Absorption of remaining water -Undigested food as waste then passed through the anus. LARGE INTESTINE
- 42. 1.5 Caring for our Digestive System Aiding Digestion eating fruits and vegetables drink a lot of water chew our food properly Making sure that our food is safe - ensure that the food we eat is clean and fit to our consumption. -ensure that the food we eat is safe, we must have a good hygiene. Textbook, pages 10-13
- 43. Handling and eating food
- 44. Pages 6- 9 Activity Book 4A ACTIVITY BOOK 20