2. 2
Contents:
Introduction
Architecture of existing grid
Problems associated with existing grid
The smart grid
Comparison
Architecture
Components
Barriers to smart grid technology
Literature Survey
Conclusion
Reference
3. 3
Electric Grid
A network of synchronized power providers and consumers that are connected by
transmission and distribution lines and operated by one or more control centers.
5. 5
Indian Power Scenario
*Source-Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Source Installed Capacity (MW) % of Share in Total
Fossil Fuels (Total) 239,709 51.30%
Coal 212,368 45.40%
Lignite 6,620 1.40%
Gas 20,132 4.30%
Diesel 589 0.10%
Non-Fossil Fuels (Total) 228,276 48.70%
Hydro 47,728 10.20%
Wind 50,037 10.70%
Solar 105,646 22.60%
Bio Mass Power/Cogen 10,743 2.30%
Waste to Energy 841 0.00%
Small Hydro 5,100 1.10%
Nuclear 8,080 1.70%
Total Installed Capacity 467,885 100%
8. 8
Factors affecting performance of existing grid
Increasing demand of electricity.
Supply shortfall of electricity.
Peak demand.
Integration of renewable energy systems.
Overcoming difficulties in meter reading.
Poor efficiency of conventional power generating
systems.
Security of supply.
9. 9
Problem associated with existing grid
The existing electricity grid is unidirectional in nature.
Around 8% of the output is lost along the transmission
lines.
20% of its generation capacity exists to meet peak
demands only. (It is in use only 5% of the time).
11. 11
What Makes aGrid “Smart?”
The digital technology that allows for two-way
communication between the utility and its customers, and
the sensing along the transmission lines is what makes the
grid smart.
The Smart Grid will consist of controls, computers,
automation, and new technologies and equipment
working together.
Technologies will work with the electrical grid to
respond digitally to our quickly changing electric
demand.
13. 13
Duties of Smart Grid
More efficient transmission of electricity.
Quicker restoration of electricity after power
disturbances.
Reduced operation and management cost for utilities
and ultimately lower power costs for consumers.
Reduced peak demand which will also help lower
electricity rates.
Improved security.
Better integration of customer owned power
generation systems.
14. 14
Giving Consumers Control
The Smart Grid is not just about utilities and technologies; it is about giving
consumer the information and tools they need to make choices about their
energy use.
Asmarter grid will enable an unprecedented level of consumer participation.
With a smarter grid, customer can have a clear and timely picture of electricity
usage and if combined with real-time pricing, this will allow consumers to save
money by using less power when electricity is most expensive.
Smart Grid has the potential to help consumers save money by helping them to
manage their electricity use and choose the best times to purchase electricity.
They you can save even more by generating their own power.
15. 15
Building and T
esting the Smart Grid
The Smart Grid will consist of millions of pieces and parts-controls,
computers, power lines, and new technologies and equipment.
It will take some time for all the technologies to be perfected,
equipment installed, and systems tested before it comes fully on
line. And it won’t happen all at once—the Smart Grid is evolving,
piece by piece, over the next decade or so.
Once mature, the Smart Grid will likely bring the same kind of
transformation that the Internet has already brought to the way
we live, work, play, and learn.
20. 20
Smart Protection
Security and Privacy
Failure protection mechanism
Information metering and measurements
System reliability
21. 21
Advantages of Smart Grid
More efficient transmission of electricity.
Quicker restoration of electricity after power disturbances.
Reduced peak demand, which will also help lower
electricity rates.
Increased integration of large-scale renewable energy
systems.
Better integration of customer-owner power
generation systems, including renewable energy
systems.
Improved security.
22. 22
Barriers to smart grid technology
Huge amount of investment and lack of financial resources.
Market uncertainty.
Lack of regulatory framework.
Low public awareness and engagements.
Lack of Infrastructure.
Technology Immaturity.
Lack of innovativeness in industries.
23. 23
Literature Survey
From smart grid to an energy internet: Assumption architecture
and requirements. Conference Paper
,2008
An implementation of smart grid is an energy internet where energy flows from suppliers
to customer like data packets do in the internet. This paper uses electricity as an example to
present some key assumptions and requirements for building an energy internet.
A framework for operation and control of smart grid with
distribution generation, Power and Energy, 2008
This paper discusses a framework for operation and control of smart grid with
distributed generation and F
ACTS in which two control such as voltage control and
stability control are included.
24. 24
Toward a smart grid: Power delivery for 21st century, 2009
•This article present the security, agility, and robustness of large scale power
delivery infrastructure that faces new threats and unanticipated conditions.
Smart grid technologies: Communication technologies and
standards,2011
•This paper addresses critical issues on smart grid technologies primarily in terms
of information and communication technology (ICT) issues and opportunities. The
main objective of this paper is to provide a contemporary look at the current state
of the art in smart grid communications as well as to discuss the still-open research
issues in this field.
25. 25
Conclusion
Smart grid is a concept designed to provide electricity in more efficient way
according to customer’s need. It integrates multiple energy sources and avoids over-
generation as well.
By analyzing arguments for and against smart grid deployment, we can conclude
that Smart Grid is worth doing because of the benefits of energy savings, positive
environmental impact and long term economic outcome.
26. 26
References
Xi Fang, Satyajayant Misra, Guoliang Xue, Dejun Yang, SmartGrid — The New and
Improved Power Grid: ASurvey, Year: 2012, IEEECommunications Surveys.
Ali Ipakchi, Farrokh Albuyeh, Grid of the future, Year: 2009, IEEEPower and
Energy Magazines
Y
eYan, Yi Qian,Hamid Sharif,David Tipper, A survey
• on SmartGrid Communication Infrastructures: Motivations, Requirements and
Challenges, Year: 2013, IEEEJournals & Magazines
Hassan Farhangi,The path of the smart Grid, Year: 2010, IEEEPowerand Energy
Magazines
https://www.smartgrid.gov
https://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/108107113
