Smart Health Monitoring Device

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3161
Smart Health Monitoring Device
Charanya K Rao1, Nithyashree R 2, Nagashree R Nadig3, Sushma T4
1,2,3 Student, Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, DSCE, Karnataka, India
4Professor, Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, DSCE, Karnataka, India
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Abstract - This paper is based on a project that aims to
integrate the monitoring of important health parameters like
body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen level in the human
body. The project includes the MAX30102 oxygen level and
heart-rate sensor, and a temperature sensor. The
microcontroller Arduino Lilypad is used to integrate the data
collected from the sensors into the monitoring device. This
device will allow a person to measure their Mean Arterial
Pressure (MAP) in about one minute, oxygen levels up to 100,
and the precise body temperature. With the onset of a global
pandemic, humanity has realized the need to monitor these
parameters in order to ensure an efficient diagnosis of SARS
Covid-19 Virus, as well as any underlying disease in the body.
The working prototype of this projectisaimedtobeintegrated
with a Machine Learning algorithm that enables the
monitoring of these parameters;alongwith theopportunity to
analyze real-time data in order to diagnose an underlying
condition. The instrumentation in the bio-medical industry
already has devices that monitor these parameters
individually, but this project aims to amalgamate them into a
single device for ease of use and systematic data storage. This
paper discusses major aspects of the project like objectives,
methodology, circuit diagram, social relevance, and scope for
development.
Key Words: Health monitoring device, Instrumentation,
Data Storage, Body Temperature, Oxygen Saturation
1. INTRODUCTION
Fever is one of the first reactions of the human body to an
infection and is a common symptom of illnesses like
influenza and COVID-19. Part of the human brain called the
hypothalamus constantly adjusts the body temperature in
order to maintain a suitable environment for the body to
carry out its functions effectively. A fever is produced when
the hypothalamus receives a signal fromtheimmunesystem
directing it to raise body temperature in reaction to the
presence of an unwanted foreign particle in the body. This
creates a heated, hostile environmentthatweakensthevirus
and triggers an immunological response.
A temperature greater than 100°F can indicatethatthebody
is fighting an infection. By regularly monitoring body
temperature and analyzing the normal range for an
individual, subtly higher temperatures can be detected
easily.
The normal resting heart rate in an adult ranges from 60 to
100 beats per minute. A lower resting heart rate usually
implies efficient heart functioning and bettercardiovascular
fitness. A well-trained athlete, for instance, might have a
typical resting heart rate of close to 40 beats per minute. A
heart rate that is extremely high or low could point to a
problem even if everyone's typical range varies. A condition
known as tachycardia may be present if the heart rate is
continuously over 100 beats per minute. On the other hand,
Bradycardia, a disorder that affects non-athletic people,
might be indicated by a resting heart rate below60beatsper
minute. Monitoring heartratehelpsdiagnoseanyunderlying
condition in individuals with abnormal readings and helps
take preventive measures before it’s too late.
Oxygen saturation, also known as SpO2, is the ratio of the
amount of oxygen-carrying haemoglobin in the blood to the
amount of haemoglobin that does not carry oxygen. In order
for the body to operate properly, it needs a certain level of
oxygen to be present in the blood. Very dangerous illnesses
like hypoxemia can be caused by extremelylowSpO2values.
As a result of this condition, there is a visible effect on the
skin, known as cyanosis (spots of blue tint) due to the lack of
oxygen in the blood circulating throughout the body. Low
oxygen levels in the blood can develop into hypoxia (low
oxygen levels in the tissue), which can worsen the condition
of organs connected to the tissue. When a person has a
condition that lowers blood oxygen levels, such as a heart
attack, heart failure, COPD, anaemia, lung cancer, asthma, or
pneumonia, monitoring SpO2levelsisessential todetermine
their heart health as well as overall health.
A health monitoring such as the one proposed in this paper
is required in order to track these vital health parameters
from time to time. This real-time approach towards
monitoring has the potential to eliminate occurrences of
emergency and unforeseen casualties among the young and
old alike.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Table -1: Literature Survey: Key Findings
Author/Topic/Publisher/Year Key Findings
SHATHIYS, L VERAVIJAYAN
Heartbeat and Temperature
Sensor Using Arduino (Heart
Rate Monitor) & Internet of
Things
Politenik
The heartbeat sensor
was initially designed to
measure internal
temperature and
heartbeatofhumanbody
which is highly relatedto
heart stroke and heart
attack cases. The most
serious form of heat
injury is heatstroke and
it can occur if the body
temperature rises to104
F or higher.[4]
Mr. Amar Saraswat
Sensing Heartbeat and Body
Temperature Digitally Using
Arduino
SCOPES
2016
An embedded system
which can measure the
heart rate and body
temperature and store
the data for the doctor
to know the condition
of the patient can help
for this purpose.[5]
Vikram Singh R. Parihar
Heartbeat and Temperature
Monitoring System for Remote
Patients Using Arduino
IJAERS
2017
The temperature sensor
produces analog output
voltage which is
proportional to the
temperature. The
temperature sensor
required analog to
digital converter (ADC)
so that the analog output
voltage can be converted
to digital form.[6]
Samik Basu, Sinjoy Saha,
Soumya Pandit and Soma
Barman
Smart Health Monitoring
System
for Temperature,BloodOxygen
Saturation, and Heart Rate
Sensing
with Embedded Processing
and Transmission Using IoT
Platform
2020
MAX3010x family
sensors are used to
measure both blood
oxygen saturation and
heart rate in comparison
to the previously
selected sensor which
measures only the heart
rate.[7]
Real-time pulse oximetry
extraction using a lightweight
algorithm and a task pipeline
scheme
John Vourvoulakis, Leonardos
Bilalis
IEEE
2021
The
photoplethysmographic
signal (PPG) is used to
estimate SpO2 and HR. It
indicates the light
absorption of
oxygenated and
deoxygenated
hemoglobin at a certain
wavelength. Red and IR
wavelengths are often
used to extract PPG
signals. Subsequently,
various algorithms can
be applied to the PPG
signals in order to obtain
SpO2 and HR.[8]
Design and Implementation of
an SPO2 Based Sensor for Heart
Monitoring Using an Android
Application
Radwa Sameh, M Genedy
2020
The pulse oximeter’s
measurementsarebased
on the PPG signal
acquired. PPG is a non-
invasive measurement
technique which uses a
light source and a light
detector to measure the
variation in the volume
of blood flowing to and
from the given region. [9]
3. SOCIAL RELEVANCE
With the onset of new viral diseases and deteriorating
human immunity, monitoring of vital health parameters
becomes all the more important.Annual healthcheck-upsdo
not suffice anymore, and day-to-day updates on these
parameters are becoming more important than ever before.
Integration of this project with MachineLearning will enable
regular monitoring of patients’ parameters.
The real-time data from this device can be used by medical
professionals for easier diagnosis of chronic diseases based
on the patient’s medical history. Studying these parameters
and the response of the body to a change in them helps
scientists and researchers understand the connection
between these health parameters and complications of
infectious diseases like Covid-19 better with time.
Integration of the prototype with IoT is aimed at providing
alert signals on gadgets via e-mail/messaging notifications.
When fully developed, this device can also be used
effectively in hospitals/dispensaries. The Arduino Lilypad
Microcontroller can be easily sewn into clothes. Due to its
size and portability, the prototype can be easily used by
individuals regularly.

4. METHODOLOGY
When the microcontroller is turned on, the circuit begins
to read the heart rate, SpO2, and ambient temperature from
the LM-35 temperature sensor and the MAX30102 sensor.
The IR LED of the pulse sensor glows whenever a pulse is
found. The phototransistor detects the flash of the IR LEDs
and modifies the resistance. An interrupt of 2millisecondsis
established to count the beats per minute (BPM). For
wireless connection, the HC05Bluetoothmoduleisincluded.
The gadget attached to it receives the data from the sensors
and transmits it to the microcontroller Arduino Lilypad,
which stores the information.Additionally,thecollecteddata
is transferred to the server where it will be kept and trends
will be analysed to help with disease diagnosis or just to
keep track of various health markers.
4.1 HC05 Bluetooth Module:
The HC-05 Bluetooth module was created for wireless
communication. Both master and slave configurations are
compatible with the module. It can operate upto100 metres
distance. However, this is dependent on the geographic,
atmospheric, and other environmental factors,aswell asthe
transmitter and receiver calibrations.
The IEEE 802.15.1 defined protocol is used by the HC-05
Bluetooth module to enable users to create wireless
Personal Area Networks. For the purpose of transmitting
data over the air, it uses radio technology known as
frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FSSH). To
communicate with other devices, it uses serial
communication. USART is used for communication with the
microcontroller.
Fig -1: Pin Diagram for HC05 Bluetooth Module
4.2 HC05 Bluetooth Module:
Lilypad is a member of the Arduino family of boardsandwas
created specifically for wearable applications. The Lilypad
Arduinomicrocontrollerrunsonrechargeablebatteries. This
makes it possible to connect sensors and actuators
effectively for simple incorporation into clothing and
materials.
Fig -2: Pin Diagram for Arduino Lilypad Microcontroller
4.3 MAX30102 Sensor:
A heart-rate monitor module and a pulse oximetry sensor
are combined in the MAX30102. To facilitate the rejection of
ambient light, it has internal LEDs, optical components
photodetectors, and low-noise electronics. To simplify the
design-in process for wearable devices, the MAX30102
sensor offers a full system solution. It runs on a single 1.8V
power source and the inside LEDsarepoweredbya separate
3.3V power source. A common I2C-compatible interface is
used for communication. Software-based module shutdown
requires zero standby current, allowing the power rails to
run continuously.
Fig -3: Pin Diagram of MAX30102 Sensor

Fig -4: Block Diagram of the Prototype
Fig -5: Project Circuit Diagram
5. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The following results were obtained by powering the
prototype. The parameter readings are in the order of Heart
Rate, Oxygen Level, and Body Temperature. The following
are readings obtained on the serial monitor in Arduino IDE.
When the prototype is integrated with LCD output, results
can be obtained on the same.
Fig -6: Serial Monitor Output (Heart-rate, Oxygen Level
and Temperature readings)
When developed into a device that can be sewed into an
individual’s clothes or developed into a wearable watch, the
device outputs more accurate values that can be monitored
from time to time due to its close proximity with the
individual’s body. Integration of the project with Machine
Learning Algorithm opens up a wide range of applications
for the prototype, for both professional and personal use.
The objectives of the project are thus achieved, with
enormous scope for development of the project into a real-
time working model that can be used in themedical industry
to ease the monitoring of these vital parameters by medical
professionals.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (Optional)
We would like to take this opportunity to thank the
Electronics and Instrumentation Department of Dayananda
Sagar College of Engineering for having provided us the
opportunity to carry out this project.
We would like to show our gratitude to Dr. Rajashekar JS
(HOD, Department of EIE, DSCE) for their constant support
throughout the course of the project and research for the
manuscript.
We thank Professor T Sushma (Professor, Department of
EIE, DSCE) for her for sharing their pearls of wisdom and
guidance throughout the project.

We would also like to thank Dr. Krushnasamy
Subramanian (Associate Professor, Department of EIE,
DSCE) for coordinating the project and encouraging us to
publish the paper.
REFERENCES
[1] https://microcontrollerslab.com/hc-05-bluetooth-
module-pinout-examples-arduino-applications/
[2] https://nerdytechy.com/arduino-lilypad-pinout-and-
guide/
[3] https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/f/nordic-q-
a/62193/max30102-heart-rate-module-connected-to-
nrf52-dk
[4] http://repository.psa.edu.my/bitstream/123456789/2
144/1/HEARTBEAT%20AND%20TEMPERATURE%20S
ENSOR%20MONITOR%20VIA%20MOBILE%20PHONE
%20DJK5C%20SATIHYS.pdf
[5] https://www.scribd.com/document/451467243/Sensi
ng-Heart-beat-and-Body-Temperature-Digitally-docx
[6] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317117507
_Heartbeat_and_Temperature_Monitoring_System_for_R
emote_Patients_using_Arduino
[7] https://research.caluniv.ac.in/publication/smart-
health-monitoring-system-for-temperature-blood-
oxygen
[8] https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9493400
[9] https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-
6596/1447/1/012004

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