Soft skills scarcity
- 1. 1 Our Students’ Soft Skills Scarcity: Why Academics Affairs should lead. by Jason Stone Why don’t our students know this stuff? Our finest students stood nervously as our University’s President sized them up during inspection. In a few moments, these students would meet the State Chancellor for Higher Education, the Oklahoma State University system President, a handful of State Regents and other educational dignitaries. The students fidgeted and fussed with new professional clothes that bound and bunched. They straightened hemlines and neck ties. They avoided eye contact and examined the tops of their shoes. Then the President asked the question that started everything. “How’s your handshake?” she queried one of the nervous young women. Our President wanted to know if the students understood how to properly shake hands. A few scared but honest students confessed that they did not. Several others pretended they knew what to do; however, it was quickly determined that none of these 30 honor students had been coached about how to properly shake hands in a professional situation. The President, and other members of the administration who were present, went around the room for next 10 minutes coaching the group. By the time the VIP’s arrived, all the students did a great job demonstrating their new-found soft skill. While this story is unique to our institution, the lessons learned from it are not. This vignette became a central part of our administration’s message over the course of the next several months. Faculty, staff, and students began to pay more attention to the soft skills that we used with each other and with our students. Of course, soft skills are abilities that are not technical in nature that help students be good citizens, employees, and people. According to the US Department of Labor (Skills to pay, 2013), Soft skills include things like communication, attitude, team work, networking, problem solving/critical thinking, and professionalism. For those of us in Liberal Arts, focusing on soft skills led to a year-long theme exploring good mental habits and critical thinking. Focusing on an overarching theme in addition to the routine course content boosted the quality of our students’ soft skills.
- 2. 2 That’s not my job! A general managerial axiom states that as organizations become more complex, they become increasingly specialized. Higher education is also governed by this principle. At most American colleges, specialization has been the trend for decades. The days when a talented faculty member got a bit of teaching load release to be the Registrar or direct the library are long gone. In recent years, higher education has hired more and more non- teaching employees to perform functions that support instruction. Most universities and a substantial number of community colleges have career services, business and industry relations, and student services departments. The intent of specialization is to better serve the students. However, without robust communication and clear lines of responsibility, some important functions can fall through the cracks. Imagine a baseball team trying to field a pop fly that lands in the middle of two outfielders and two infielders. The four players may congregate and anticipate that one of the other three will catch the ball. The typical result is that by deferring to one another, they are all complicit in failing to field the ball. Our students’ soft skills are that pop fly dropped in error. Just like a baseball team that fails to communicate, your college will fail to ensure that each student has soft skills without clearl y delineated responsibilities and robust communication. Somebody has to yell, “I got it”, or the ball will get dropped. This writing is a challenge to all academic affairs employees to yell, “I got it” when it comes to soft skills. The complexity of today’s jobs has also encouraged specialization in how we prepare students for those jobs. Universities across the country are cutting general education courses as a way to provide increased time for major courses and to speed up time to matriculation in the face of high college costs. But as students develop a deeper understanding of their major, they may be missing out on the skills that must be demonstrated in networking and interviews to land the job in the first place. Much of our technical specialization puts the cart before the horse. Students have to have soft skills or few will notice their hard skills. While specialized knowledge is important, great soft skills are often the differentiator that help a student earn a job offer. The responsibility for the sharpening of those skills belongs to every university employee. However, because the coordination of student instruction and strategic planning for student growth happens in Academic Affairs, this unit is most responsible for ensuring that each student has the requisite soft skills they need to be successful.
- 3. 3 What are soft skills? According to the US Department of Labor’s (2012) Special Report “Skills that pay the Bills”, there are six essential soft skills: communication, enthusiasm/attitude, teamwork, networking, problem solving/critical thinking, and professionalism. During conversations with faculty members about adding soft skills to their classes, much skepticism is expressed. Some balk; others question how such a time-consumptive effort fits into the already crowded structure of existing courses. Many faculty members perceive that present instructional time is already too scarce to effectively teach everything that a faculty member would like to cover. Subsequently, these faculty members cannot envision an instructional world where they are able to add a robust exploration of complicated soft skills in addition to the content of the course. Other even more skeptical faculty members outright deride soft skills as the most recent “buzz word” making the rounds in higher education literature – a flash in the pan that will quickly fade away. Some faculty members recognize the importance of soft skills, but do not feel they have the necessary background to teach them. How can we help faculty embrace a comprehensive soft skills curriculum that provides students with an overarching framework that they understand? My answer: internal marketing. Many administrations fail to recognize that each of the soft skills identified by the Department of Labor are components of work that faculty have been asking of students for years. The science professor who requires students to work in P.O.G.I.L. groups on projects is teaching teamwork. The business professor who requires students to present their business plan to the class is teaching communication. The English professors who expose students to controversial topics and guide them to respond are teaching critical thinking. Indeed, most college classes reinforce if not focus on the development of one or more of these soft skills. However, faculty members do not look at these skills as a list of competencies that they are solely responsible for developing; instead, faculty members view these skills as tools that students need to complete collegiate-level assignments and writings. While some of these soft skills are easily focused upon in a variety of different assignment formats, other skills like shaking hands, interviewing, making eye contact, and professionalism are not obviously curricular in nature.
- 4. 4 If your students’ hard skills are lacking, no amount of soft skills will help them keep their jobs. They might be able to use the soft skills to talk their way into an organization, but their hard skills, or lack of them, will determine how long they stay and how high they rise. Hard skills such as: care plans, covalent bonds, calculating equations for math for engineering, and tactical room entry procedures for emergency response teams are all curricular. Conversations between administration and faculty with the businesses who employ our graduates help to place these important hard skills in context. If the hard skills have been acquired, academic leaders may hear commentary from stake-holders expressing that your institution’s alumni know their technical information but are seriously lacking in critical thinking or professionalism. Other stakeholders might say things like, “your students and alumni can succeed at tasks if they are directed and provided significant oversight and structure.” But students may not be arriving at their first jobs out of school with important soft skills that employers need to compete in the twenty-first century economy. How can the Habits of the Mind help? Costa & Kallick’s “Habits of the Mind” are 16 mental dispositions that help individuals grapple with complex problems. These Habits provide the scaffolding upon which good critical thinking, teamwork, and professional behaviors can be built. The Habits are deeply intellectual. Faculty members light up when talking about mental habits. They see this discussion as the bread and butter of what they hope to teach students. The “Habits of the Mind” provide a framework to market the teaching of soft skills to academics. These 16 habits will help students to finish their studies, embrace lifelong learning, and become productive members of democratic society. To discuss mental habits is to embrace how college enriches and empowers students.
- 5. 5 For faculty, education is about better metal habits. Check out Table 1.1 and note the relationships between Costa & Kallick’s Habits of the Mind and the Department of Labor’s soft skills. The overlap is uncanny. The difference is perception. This gulf in perception can be spanned with marketing. What does this part do? Have you ever popped the hood of an automobile and been confused about what you saw? Automobiles function efficiently because all of the interconnected and inter-related parts are doing their assigned tasks. A curriculum is like an automobile. One part, isolated from the rest, is limited. Only when the parts are brought together to make a whole does the magic of engineering kick in and the automobile’s form and function are made apparent. Faculty leaders and administrators have to pop the hood of the curriculum and determine where each of these soft skills is being taught. The leader of this process must be Academic Affairs. Like a good mechanic, Academic Affairs should know how each part would be impacted by changes to another. Academic Affairs has a view of the whole hood compartment and how the curriculum flows. Using “Habits of the Mind” provides Academic Affairs a bridge to connect the needs of employers with an academically focused program. It is easy to spot teamwork and critical thinking. Sure, communication is being taught in most classes, but it may be surprising to learn that non- verbal communication (e.g. handshaking) is not represented. It may be even more surprising to learn that students are required to take up to 10 hours of science, but no hours in listening, interpersonal communication, or interviewing. As academic leaders, we have to determine where each of these soft skills should be manifest in the curriculum and ensure that they are being taught in the appropriate places with the appropriate opportunities for application and practice. While many soft skills are easily integrated into existing learning opportunities, where in the curriculum does handshaking belong? Which class teaches students how to write a professional email or a resume? This sounds easy, but be prepared for push back if you float the idea of changing or adding a general education requirement to catch the soft skills that don’t easily fit into the traditional curriculum. These efforts belong in Academic Affairs because we are responsible for making sure that our students will represent our institution well. Our students are our products, and our communities, especially employers, are our ultimate customers. We must accept responsibility for the soft skills shortcomings of our graduates and endeavor at every turn to coach and grow
- 6. 6 our students’ soft skills. This will require tremendous resolve and commitment. In a higher education landscape dominated by all things S.T.E.M., Academic Affairs must lead to ensure that our students’ soft skills are central to curriculum. While it is important for students to possess technical knowledge and discipline-specific training, soft skills are the catalysts that enable students to put their technical skills to optimum use. Soft skills are often the tie-breakers which allow our alumni to join good organizations. Soft skills open doors for students. Hard skills keep those doors of opportunity open.