Solstice Navigator Arduino-driven Dual Axis Solar Tracker using LDR and Servo Motors.pptx
- 1. PRESENTATION BY: NENDRALLA BHAVANA ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS 160120734063 CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SOLSTICE NAVIGATOR:
- 2. • Introduction • Objective • Literature Survey • Proposed System • System Design ( Components required) • Block Diagram • Circuit diagram • Code • Flow chart • Simulation in TinkerCAD • Advantages and Disadvantages • Applications • Future Scope • Conclusion DEPARTMENT OF
- 3. • These convertors convert light into electric current using PV effect. Photo voltaic cells are used to power small and medium sized applications. • Important and relatively inexpensive source of energy where grid power is inconvenient, unreasonably expensive to connect. Solar power is the conversion of the sunlight into electricity, either directly using PV or indirectly using CSP. In order to do this, it is necessary to have solar cells. These cells are typically in the form of panels that perpendicularly placed ,facing the sun, to capture maximum light possible. • These system uses lenses or mirrors and tracking system to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. • A working fluid is heated by the concentration, sunlight and then it is used for power generation. DEPARTMENT OF
- 5. The objective of the dual-axis solar converter conducted through TinkerCAD simulation is to design, analyze, and optimize a sophisticated solar tracking system capable of dynamically adjusting both azimuth and elevation angles to maximize solar energy harvesting efficiency. The primary goal is to develop a robust and accurate control algorithm that integrates real- time solar position calculations with the mechanical movement of dual-axis solar panels. Through comprehensive simulation studies, the project aims to achieve enhanced energy output compared to fixed solar installations, showcasing the effectiveness of the dual-axis solar converter in capturing sunlight at optimal angles throughout the day. Additionally, the project seeks to explore the impact of various environmental factors, such as cloud cover and shading, on the system's performance, and to propose adaptive control strategies to mitigate their effects. Ultimately, this project aspires to contribute valuable insights into the potential of dual-axis solar tracking systems for improving the overall efficiency and viability of solar energy harvesting in diverse environmental conditions. DEPARTMENT OF
- 6. Autonomous Solar Inverter S.no Year of Publication Title of Article Publication Methodology DEPARTMENT OF Rangarajan, Shriram S., Chandan Kumar Shiva, A. V. V. Sudhakar, Umashankar Subramaniam, E. Randolph Collins, and Tomonobu Senjyu. "Avant-garde solar plants with artificial intelligence and moonlighting capabilities as smart inverters in a smart grid." Energies 16, no. 3 (2023): 1112.. 2023 The methodology involves proposing new structural and schematic solutions for autonomous inverters of solar power plants based on single-three- phase transformers with a rotating magnetic field, with a focus on improving the operational and technical characteristics of solar photovoltaic installations generating three-phase voltage. The paper also discloses the features of the proposed solutions' work on voltage conversion and stabilization. 1
- 7. A Novel Transformerless Single-Stage Grid-Connected Solar Inverter S.no Year of Publication Title of Article Publication Methodology DEPARTMENT OF Gangavarapu, Sivanagaraju, Manisha Verma, and Akshay Kumar Rathore. "A novel transformerless single-stage grid- connected solar inverter." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics (2023). 2023 The methodology involves developing a converter dynamic model using a state- space averaging approach, designing a proportional resonant current controller for inverter closed-loop operation with the grid, and verifying the analysis and design through simulation and experimental results. 2
- 8. 5 Level transformerless inverter for single phase solar PV applications. S.no Year of Publication Title of Article Publication Methodology DEPARTMENT OF Guo, Bin, Xin Zhang, Mei Su, Hao Ma, Yongheng Yang, and Yam P. Siwakoti. "A single-phase common-ground five- level transformerless inverter with low component count for PV applications." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 70, no. 3 (2022): 2662-2674. 2022 The methodology involves analyzing the operation modes of the proposed inverter, a simple modulation strategy, and design guidelines in detail, as well as presenting experimental results demonstrating the feasibility and good performance of the proposed inverter. 3
- 9. A photovoltaic solar tracker is a mechanical device to rotate PV panels to achieve an optimal angle concerning the sun's rays. PASSIVE OPEN LOOP ACTIVE DEPARTMENT OF SINGLE AXIS DUAL AXIS POLAR TYPE HORIZONTAL TYPE TIMED TRACKERS ALTITUDE/ AZIMUTH TRACKERS
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- 11. • A single axis tracker can pivot in only one plane - horizontal or vertical. The horizontal type is used in tropical regions where the sun gets very high at noon, but the days are short. The vertical type is used in high latitudes (such as in UK) where the sun does not get very high, but summer days can be very long. • Although the construction is less complicated it is also less effective in harnessing the total solar energy. • Dual axis solar tracker has two degrees of freedom that act as axes of rotation. These axes are typically normal to one another. • It can rotate simultaneously in horizontal and vertical directions and are able to point at the sun at all times. Dual axis trackers track the sun both East to West and North to South for added power output (approx. 40% gain) and convenience. DEPARTMENT OF
- 13. DEPARTMENT OF S.no Component used Quantity 1. Arduino UNO R3 1 2. Servo motor ( Micro Servo-SG90) 2 3. LDR ( LDR Photo Resistor Sensor) 4 4. Resistors ( 10K Ohm) 4 5. Breadboard (mini) 1 6. Potentiometer (10K) 2
- 14. Runs using a control loop and require feedback of some kind (DC Motor, gear, control circuit, Potentiometer), requires control PMW Signal which represents an output position and applies power to the DC motor until the shaft turns to the correct position, determined by the position sensor. Micro controller, with 14 digital inputs/ output pins(6- PWM outputs), 6 analog input, 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connector, a power jack and a reset button, having number of libraries, including one for servo motor control. The input supply needed is ideally 7-12V DEPARTMENT OF
- 15. Works on principle that, if intensity of light on it increases, resistance decreases and thus more current flows through it, Bigger LEDs have higher sensitivity. Rating of each photo voltaic solar panel is, Pmax=1.3MW, Vmax=7.5V, two such panels are connected in series to get a stable output of 12V. DEPARTMENT OF
- 16. Basically a voltage regulating circuit which is placed between a solar panel and battery to be charged on any load connected to the panel. It regulates the voltage that is recieved from solar panels. It placed between solar panel and battery. Charge controller limits the rate at which electric charge is added to the battery. DEPARTMENT OF
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- 18. Charge Controller DEPARTMENT OF Battery Solar panel Servo motor Servo motor LDR Arduino Power Supply
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- 20. #include <Servo.h> Servo horizontal; // horizontal servo int servoh = 180; int servohLimitHigh = 175; int servohLimitLow = 5; // 65 degrees MAX Servo vertical; // vertical servo int servov = 45; int servovLimitHigh = 60; int servovLimitLow = 1; // LDR pin connections // name = analogpin; int ldrlt = A0; //LDR top left - BOTTOM LEFT <--- BDG int ldrrt = A3; //LDR top rigt - BOTTOM RIGHT int ldrld = A1; //LDR down left - TOP LEFT int ldrrd = A3; //ldr down rigt - TOP RIGHT void setup(){ horizontal.attach(9); vertical.attach(10); horizontal.write(180); vertical.write(45); delay(2500); } void loop() { int lt = analogRead(ldrlt); // top left int rt = analogRead(ldrrt); // top right int ld = analogRead(ldrld); // down left int rd = analogRead(ldrrd); // down right int dtime = 10; int tol = 90; // dtime=diffirence time, tol=toleransi int avt = (lt + rt) / 2; // average value top int avd = (ld + rd) / 2; // average value down int avl = (lt + ld) / 2; // average value left int avr = (rt + rd) / 2; // average value right int dvert = avt - avd; // check the diffirence of up and down int dhoriz = avl - avr;// check the diffirence og left and rigt if (-1*tol > dvert || dvert > tol) { if (avt > avd) { servov = ++servov; if (servov > servovLimitHigh) {servov = servovLimitHigh;} } else if (avt < avd) {servov= --servov; if (servov < servovLimitLow) { servov = servovLimitLow;} } vertical.write(servov); } if (-1*tol > dhoriz || dhoriz > tol) // check if the diffirence is in the tolerance else change horizontal angle { if (avl > avr) { servoh = --servoh; if (servoh < servohLimitLow) { servoh = servohLimitLow; } } else if (avl < avr) { servoh = ++servoh; if (servoh > servohLimitHigh) { servoh = servohLimitHigh; } } else if (avl = avr) { delay(5000); } horizontal.write(servoh); } delay(dtime); } DEPARTMENT OF
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- 24. • Reduction of Energy Usage • Decrease in Disposing of Dry- Cell Batteries • Offsetting Green House Gases • Lower Rates of Waste and Pollution • Lower sensitivity of the photovoltaic effect. • Electricity production is higher due to the better performance of the solar panels. • The appearance of mechanical problems due to wear and tear over time. • Electronic mechanisms and sensors are exposed to harsh weather conditions for at least 20 years and will likely need to be replaced. • Major maintenance of this type of solar energy facility. • The initial solar installation cost is higher, although it will be compensated by getting a higher solar power performance. DEPARTMENT OF
- 25. • Solar Power Generation Systems. • Residential Solar Installations. • Off-Grid Power Systems. • Solar-Powered Water Pumping Systems. • Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations. • Educational and Research Facilities. • Space Applications. • Environmental Monitoring Stations. DEPARTMENT OF
- 26. • Integration with Smart Grids. • Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Integration. • Hybrid Systems with Energy Storage. • Urban Planning and Building Integration. • Urban Planning and Building Integration. • Increased Efficiency and Cost Reduction • Environmental Adaptability. • Global Implementation and Standardization. • Research into New Materials and Manufacturing Techniques. DEPARTMENT OF
- 27. In conclusion, the exploration of dual-axis solar trackers has revealed a compelling and promising avenue for optimizing solar energy harvesting The advantages of dual-axis solar trackers have been underscored, emphasizing their ability to significantly enhance energy yield when compared to fixed installations. By accommodating changing solar angles throughout the day, these trackers exhibit a remarkable adaptability that positions them as valuable assets in diverse solar energy applications. DEPARTMENT OF
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