Ppt on automatic solar tracking system
- 1. Submitted To Prof. L.D. Malviya As. Prof. Neeraj Malviya Submitted by Narendra Thakur (0801EC161040) Nitin Chadar (0801EC161043) Praharsh Tripathi (0801EC161048) Somen Das (0801EC173D16) Sachchidanand Lawwanshi (0801EC173D11)
- 3. • Introduction • What is a Solar Tracker ? • Need for a Sun Tracking System • Dual axis sun tracking system • Hardware requirements • Hardware components description • Block diagram • Working flow diagram • Screen shots of work done • Future Scope • Applications • Conclusion
- 4. • EXTRACTING usable electricity from the sun was made possible by the discovery of the photoelectric effect. • Subsequent development of the solar cell, which is a semi-conductive material that converts visible light into a direct current. • The best efficiency of the majority of commercially available solar cells ranges between 10 and 20 percent. • This project seeks to identify a way of improving efficiency of solar panels. • Solar arrays, a series of solar cells electrically connected, generates a DC voltage which can be used on a load.
- 5. • Solar tracking is a system that is mechanized to track the position of the sun to increase power output by between 30% and 60% than systems that are stationary. • There are various types of trackers that can be used for increase in the amount of energy that can be obtained by solar panels. Dual axis trackers are among the most efficient. • There will be bigger increase in efficiency in cases where the weather is sunny and thus favorable for the tracking system.
- 6. • A solar tracker is a generic term used to describe devices that orient or align various payloads toward the sun. • Example for payloads are photovoltaic panels, reflectors, Collectors, lenses or other optical devices. • The system focuses on the optimization of the electric energy produced by photovoltaic cells through the development of a sun-tracking system.
- 7. • Trackers generate more electricity than their stationary counterparts due to increased direct exposure to solar rays. This increase can be as much as 10 to 25% depending on the geographic location of the tracking system. • A tracking system helps the solar panels keep oriented to the sun at the optimum possible angle. • Very efficient trackers will offer more efficiency because they are able to track the sun with more precision.
- 8. • Our tracker is a dual axis tracker, meaning it tracks in both X and Y. To put it into even more simple terms, it goes left, right, up, and down. • This means once you have your tracker set up you will never need to change or adjust anything, since anywhere the sun moves your tracker will follow. • Our tracker is an active tracker which is controlled by computer program (via an Arduino). This means that we use sensors to find the brightest source of light at all times
- 10. SOLAR PANEL VOLTAGE REGULATOR(LM 7805) LDR (LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR) SERVO MOTOR MICROCONTROLLER(ATmega328p) CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR RESISTORS CAPACITORS
- 11. • Voltage Regulation • Voltage regulators are designed to automatically maintain voltages at a constant level. The LM7805 voltage regulator is used. • It is a member of the 78xx series of fixed linear voltage regulator Ics. • Voltage sources in circuits could be having fluctuations and thus not be able to give fixed voltage output.
- 12. • These are made of two types, cadmium sulfide (CdS) and gallium arsenide (GaAs The simplest optical sensor is a photon resistor or photocell which is a light sensitive resistor). • The resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically. • When the light level is low the resistance of the LDR is high. This prevents current from flowing to the base of the transistors. • Consequently the LED does not light. However, when light shines onto the LDR its resistance falls.
- 13. • Servo motors are used for various applications. They are normally small in size and have good energy efficiency. • Inside the servo there are three main components; a small DC motor, a potentiometer and a control circuit. Gears are used to attach the motor to the control wheel. • Servos can usually turn only 90 degrees in either direction for a total of 180 degrees movement. • The PWM sent to the motor determines the position of the shaft, and based on the duration of the pulse sent through the control wire the rotor will turn to the position that is desired.
- 14. • Microcontroller is a single chip micro computer made through VLSI fabrication. • The ATmega328P is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. • By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega328P achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. • It has 28 pins. There are 14 digital I/O pins from which 6 can be used as PWM outputs and 6 analog input pins.
- 15. • Crystal oscillators are electronic oscillator circuits that use inverse piezoelectric effect. • With this effect, when electric field is applied across certain materials they will produce mechanical deformation. • a crystal uses mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material so that there is creation of an electric signal with precise frequency. • The crystal action can be represented by an equivalent electrical resonant circuit.
- 16. • The photovoltaic cell is the basic building block of a photovoltaic system. • The individual cells can vary from 0.5 inches to 4 inches across. • One cell can however produce only 1 or 2 watts that is not enough for most appliances. • Performance of a photovoltaic array depends on sunlight. Climatic conditions like clouds and fog significantly affect the amount of solar energy that is received by the array and therefore its performance.
- 19. Components Quantity Price Solar Panel 1 400 LDR 2 60 Servo Motor 2 170 Crystal Oscillator 1 50 Microcontroller 1 19 R,L,C components and other Hardware 1000 Net Cost 1699/-
- 20. Simulation for dual axis sun tracking system
- 21. Simulation for 12V DC to 220V AC inverter
- 22. Schematic for servo controller
- 23. Schematic for inverter Schematic for LDR panel
- 24. • By connecting the solar panels in an array more energy can be extracted. • Using aluminum type of material for the assembly set up the weight upon the motors can be reduced which will automatically reduce the power consumption of the system. • With the mono crystalline PV panel in use the efficiency of the project can be increased. Mono crystalline PV panels have also more lifetime than polycrystalline panels. • In Zigbee transmitter- receiver pair by interfacing range extension modules signal range can be extended up to 10 miles.
- 25. • Can be used for small & medium scale power generations. • For power generation at remote places where power lines are not accessible. • For domestic backup power systems.
- 26. Solar Tracker is a proven system: high-quality, reliable, and durable. Our dual-axissolar tracker shines in residential installations, especially when the home's roof is unfit for panels due to orientation or structural issues. Our tracking technology captures the more of the day's solar potential with a smaller footprint, so you'll get a significantly higher production--and more power means bigger savings for us.
- 27. M. A. Panait, T. Tudorache, “A Simple Neural Network Solar Tracker for Optimizing Conversion Efficiency in Off-Grid Solar Generators”, International Conference on Renewable energies and Power quality (ICREPQ), march 12-14, Santander, 2008. http://www.solarpoweristhefuture.com
- 28. Thank You