Speech function, politeness and cros curtural
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This document discusses speech functions, politeness, and cross-cultural communication. There are six speech functions: expressive, directive, referential, metalinguistic, poetic, and phatic. Politeness can be positive, emphasizing shared values, or negative, showing respect through social distance. Cross-cultural misunderstandings can occur if different cultures have varying social norms around language use. The conclusion states the main speech functions and that positive politeness focuses on solidarity while negative politeness pays respect.
Speech function, politeness and cros curtural
- 1. SOCIOLINGUISTICS Speech functions, politeness and cross-cultural communication Budi Ardian Saputra ENGLISH DEPARMENT PROGRAM SEKOLAH TINGGI KEGURUAN DAN PENDIDIKAN DHARMASRAYA 2014
- 2. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In this chapter we discuss about Speech Function, Politeness and Cross Cultural Communication. Because different speech communities emphasize different function, and express particular function differently. And then, we need to understand the social values of society in order to speak politely. Because have positive politeness and negative politeness.
- 3. CHAPTER II CONTENT There are the functions of speech: 1. Expressive (express speaker's feelings) Examples: Good morning sue Lovely day 2. Directive (get others to do things) Look I wonder if you could possibly sort this lot out by ten Clean up your room 3. Referential (provide information) I need them for a meeting. The apples are on the table 4. Metalinguistic (comments on language) ‘Hegemony’ is not a common word Nouns can be mass or count 5. Poetic (aesthetic language--poems, mottos, rhymes) Piper picked a pack of pickled peppers. A stitch in time saves nine 6. Phatic (language for solidarity and empathy) Example: Hi, how are you, lovely day isn’t it. B. Directives Directives are concerned with getting people to do things. There are three ways to expressing the directive, such as: The intrrogative,declarative,and the imperatives. Examples: Interrogative could you sit down? Declarative i want you to sit down Imperative sit down C. Politeness and address forms Being polite is a complicated business i6n any languages. It’s difficult to learn because it involves understanding not just the language, but all so the social and cultural values of the community. We often do not appreciate just how complicated it is, because we tend to think of politeness simply as a matter of saying “please and Thank you” in the right place. Take the word “please” for example, children are told to say please when they are making request, as a way of expressing themselves politely. But adult uses please far less than want might
- 4. suppose, and when they do, it often has the effect of making a directive sound less polite and more peremptory. Example: Positive politeness Positive politeness is solidarity oriented. It emphasizes shares attitudes and values. When the boss suggest that a subordinate should use first name (FN) to her, this is a positive politeness move, expressing solidarity and minimizing status differences. Negative politeness Negative politeness pays people respect and avoids intruding on them. Negative politeness involves expressing oneself appropriately in terms of social distance and respecting status differences. For example, using title and last name to your superior and to older people that you don’t know well are father examples of the expression of negative politeness. D. Linguistic Politeness in Different Cultures Anyone who has travelled outside their own speech community is likely to have had some experience of miscommunication base on cultural differences. For example: when Rebecca arrived in New Zealand from Nottingham, she and her family were invited to a Christmas party at a neighbor’s house. Bring a plate she was told, and, thinking her host must be having a very big party if they expected to run out of plates, she obligingly brought four. Empty ones! she arrived she was embraced to discover that bring a plate meant bring contribution to the food. Fortunately she had some flowers with her to cover her confusion.
- 5. CHAPTER III CONCLUSION In this lesson we become know about function of speech, and the conclusion is expressive utterances where is express the speakers feeling. And directives utterances is attempt to get someone to do something’s, and then referential utterances is provide information. Metalinguistic utterances is comment in the language itself, poetic utterance is focus on aesthetic feature of language. The last phatic utterances is express solidarity and empathy with other. Positive politeness is solidarity oriented. It emphasizes shares attitudes and values Negative politeness pays people respect and avoids intruding on them
- 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY Amran, Y. (2011, Maret 25). PRezi. Retrieved from Prezi: http://prezi.com/-siytvgkas6i/speech- functions-politeness-and-cross-cultural-communicati/