This document discusses square numbers and exponents. Square numbers are the product of a number multiplied by itself, such as 4 x 4 = 16. Numbers are not square if they are the product of two different numbers, like 6 x 4. Exponents represent how many times a base number is used as a factor, so 5^3 means 5 multiplied by itself 3 times, which equals 125. The document provides examples and definitions of square numbers and exponents to build understanding of these mathematical concepts.