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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Gaddis, Tony, author.
Title: Starting out with Java. From control structures through objects /
Tony Gaddis, Haywood Community College.
Description: Seventh edition. | NY, NY : Pearson Education, Inc., [2019] |
Includes index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017060354| ISBN 9780134802213 | ISBN 0134802217
Subjects: LCSH: Java (Computer program language) | Data structures
(Computer science) | Object-oriented programming (Computer science)
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- 7. Starting Out With Java ™ From Control Structures through Objects
- 8. Starting Out With Java ™ From Control Structures through Objects SEVENTH EDITION Tony Gaddis Haywood Community College 330 Hudson Street, NY NY 10013
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- 11. connection with the use or performance of information available from the services. The documents and related graphics contained herein could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors changes are periodically added to the information herein. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers may make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described herein at any time partial screen shots may be viewed in full within the software version specified. Microsoft Windows , and Microsoft Office are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries. This book is not sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation. Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gaddis, Tony, author. Title: Starting out with Java. From control structures through objects / Tony Gaddis, Haywood Community College. Description: Seventh edition. | NY, NY : Pearson Education, Inc., [2019] | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017060354| ISBN 9780134802213 | ISBN 0134802217 Subjects: LCSH: Java (Computer program language) | Data structures (Computer science) | Object-oriented programming (Computer science) ® ® ®
- 12. Classification: LCC QA76.73.J38 G333 2019 | DDC 005.13/3--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017060354 1 18 ISBN 10: 0-13-480221-7 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-480221-3
- 13. Contents in Brief Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Java 1 Chapter 2 Java Fundamentals 27 Chapter 3 Decision Structures 111 Chapter 4 Loops and Files 189 Chapter 5 Methods 269 Chapter 6 A First Look at Classes 317 Chapter 7 Arrays and the ArrayList Class 403 Chapter 8 A Second Look at Classes and Objects 493 Chapter 9 Text Processing and More about Wrapper Classes 557 Chapter 10 Inheritance 611 Chapter 11 Exceptions and Advanced File I/O 701 Chapter 12 JavaFX: GUI Programming and Basic Controls 759 Chapter 13 JavaFX: Advanced Controls 823 Chapter 14 JavaFX: Graphics, Effects, and Media 909 Chapter 15 Recursion 999 Chapter 16 Databases 1027 Index 1109 Appendices A–M Companion Website Case Studies 1–7 Companion Website
- 14. Chapters 17–20 Companion Website
- 15. Contents Preface xxiii Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Java 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Why Program? 1 1.3 Computer Systems: Hardware and Software 2 Hardware 2 Software 5 1.4 Programming Languages 6 What Is a Program? 6 A History of Java 8 1.5 What Is a Program Made Of? 8 Language Elements 8 Lines and Statements 11 Variables 11 The Compiler and the Java Virtual Machine 12 Java Software Editions 13 Compiling and Running a Java Program 14 1.6 The Programming Process 16 Software Engineering 18 1.7 Object-Oriented Programming 19 Review Questions and Exercises 21
- 16. Programming Challenge 25 Chapter 2 Java Fundamentals 27 2.1 The Parts of a Java Program 27 2.2 The print and println Methods, and the Java API 33 2.3 Variables and Literals 39 Displaying Multiple Items with the Operator 40 Be Careful with Quotation Marks 41 More about Literals 42 Identifiers 42 Class Names 44 2.4 Primitive Data Types 44 The Integer Data Types 46 Floating-Point Data Types 47 The boolean Data Type 50 The char Data Type 50 Variable Assignment and Initialization 52 Variables Hold Only One Value at a Time 53 2.5 Arithmetic Operators 54 Integer Division 57 Operator Precedence 57 Grouping with Parentheses 59 The Math Class 62 2.6 Combined Assignment Operators 63 +
- 17. 2.7 Conversion between Primitive Data Types 65 Mixed Integer Operations 67 Other Mixed Mathematical Expressions 68 2.8 Creating Named Constants with final 69 2.9 The String Class 70 Objects Are Created from Classes 71 The String Class 71 Primitive Type Variables and Class Type Variables 71 Creating a String Object 72 2.10 Scope 76 2.11 Comments 78 2.12 Programming Style 83 2.13 Reading Keyboard Input 85 Reading a Character 89 Mixing Calls to nextLine with Calls to Other Scanner Methods 89 2.14 Dialog Boxes 93 Displaying Message Dialogs 93 Displaying Input Dialogs 94 An Example Program 94 Converting String Input to Numbers 96 2.15 Common Errors to Avoid 99 Review Questions and Exercises 100 Programming Challenges 106
- 18. Chapter 3 Decision Structures 111 3.1 The if Statement 111 Using Relational Operators to Form Conditions 113 Putting It All Together 114 Programming Style and the if Statement 117 Be Careful with Semicolons 117 Having Multiple Conditionally Executed Statements 118 Flags 118 Comparing Characters 119 3.2 The if-else Statement 120 3.3 Nested if Statements 122 3.4 The if-else-if Statement 128 3.5 Logical Operators 134 The Precedence of Logical Operators 139 Checking Numeric Ranges with Logical Operators 140 3.6 Comparing String Objects 142 Ignoring Case in String Comparisons 146 3.7 More about Variable Declaration and Scope 147 3.8 The Conditional Operator (Optional) 149 3.9 The switch Statement 150 3.10 Displaying Formatted Output with System.out.printf and String.format 160 Format Specifier Syntax 163
- 19. Precision 164 Specifying a Minimum Field Width 164 Flags 167 Formatting String Arguments 170 The String.format Method 172 3.11 Common Errors to Avoid 174 Review Questions and Exercises 175 Programming Challenges 181 Chapter 4 Loops and Files 189 4.1 The Increment and Decrement Operators 189 The Difference between Postfix and Prefix Modes 192 4.2 The while Loop 193 The while Loop Is a Pretest Loop 196 Infinite Loops 196 Don’t Forget the Braces with a Block of Statements 197 Programming Style and the while Loop 198 4.3 Using the while Loop for Input Validation 200 4.4 The do-while Loop 204 4.5 The for Loop 207 The for Loop Is a Pretest Loop 210 Avoid Modifying the Control Variable in the Body of the for Loop 211 Other Forms of the Update Expression 211 Declaring a Variable in the for Loop’s Initialization Expression 211
- 20. Creating a User Controlled for Loop 212 Using Multiple Statements in the Initialization and Update Expressions 213 4.6 Running Totals and Sentinel Values 216 Using a Sentinel Value 219 4.7 Nested Loops 221 4.8 The break and continue Statements (Optional) 229 4.9 Deciding Which Loop to Use 229 4.10 Introduction to File Input and Output 230 Using the PrintWriter Class to Write Data to a File 230 Appending Data to a File 236 Specifying the File Location 237 Reading Data from a File 237 Reading Lines from a File with the nextLine Method 238 Adding a throws Clause to the Method Header 241 Checking for a File’s Existence 245 4.11 Generating Random Numbers with the Random Class 249 4.12 Common Errors to Avoid 255 Review Questions and Exercises 256 Programming Challenges 262 Chapter 5 Methods 269 5.1 Introduction to Methods 269 void Methods and Value-Returning Methods 270 Defining a void Method 271
- 21. Calling a Method 272 Layered Method Calls 276 Using Documentation Comments with Methods 277 5.2 Passing Arguments to a Method 279 Argument and Parameter Data Type Compatibility 281 Parameter Variable Scope 282 Passing Multiple Arguments 282 Arguments Are Passed by Value 284 Passing Object References to a Method 285 Using the @param Tag in Documentation Comments 288 5.3 More about Local Variables 290 Local Variable Lifetime 292 Initializing Local Variables with Parameter Values 292 5.4 Returning a Value from a Method 293 Defining a Value-Returning Method 293 Calling a Value-Returning Method 294 Using the @return Tag in Documentation Comments 296 Returning a boolean Value 300 Returning a Reference to an Object 300 5.5 Problem Solving with Methods 302 Calling Methods That Throw Exceptions 305 5.6 Common Errors to Avoid 305 Review Questions and Exercises 306
- 22. Programming Challenges 311 Chapter 6 A First Look at Classes 317 6.1 Objects and Classes 317 Classes: Where Objects Come From 318 Classes in the Java API 319 Primitive Variables vs. Objects 321 6.2 Writing a Simple Class, Step by Step 324 Accessor and Mutator Methods 338 The Importance of Data Hiding 338 Avoiding Stale Data 339 Showing Access Specification in UML Diagrams 339 Data Type and Parameter Notation in UML Diagrams 339 Layout of Class Members 340 6.3 Instance Fields and Methods 341 6.4 Constructors 346 Showing Constructors in a UML Diagram 348 Uninitialized Local Reference Variables 348 The Default Constructor 348 Writing Your Own No-Arg Constructor 349 The String Class Constructor 350 6.5 Passing Objects as Arguments 358 6.6 Overloading Methods and Constructors 370 The BankAccount Class 372
- 23. Overloaded Methods Make Classes More Useful 378 6.7 Scope of Instance Fields 378 Shadowing 379 6.8 Packages and import Statements 380 Explicit and Wildcard import Statements 380 The java.lang Package 381 Other API Packages 381 6.9 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Finding the Classes and Their Responsibilities 382 Finding the Classes 382 Identifying a Class’s Responsibilities 385 This Is Only the Beginning 388 6.10 Common Errors to Avoid 388 Review Questions and Exercises 389 Programming Challenges 394 Chapter 7 Arrays and the ArrayList Class 403 7.1 Introduction to Arrays 403 Accessing Array Elements 405 Inputting and Outputting Array Contents 406 Java Performs Bounds Checking 409 Watch Out for Off-by-One Errors 410 Array Initialization 411 Alternate Array Declaration Notation 412
- 24. 7.2 Processing Array Elements 413 Array Length 415 The Enhanced for Loop 416 Letting the User Specify an Array’s Size 417 Reassigning Array Reference Variables 419 Copying Arrays 420 7.3 Passing Arrays as Arguments to Methods 422 7.4 Some Useful Array Algorithms and Operations 426 Comparing Arrays 426 Summing the Values in a Numeric Array 427 Getting the Average of the Values in a Numeric Array 428 Finding the Highest and Lowest Values in a Numeric Array 428 The SalesData Class 429 Partially Filled Arrays 437 Working with Arrays and Files 438 7.5 Returning Arrays from Methods 439 7.6 String Arrays 441 Calling String Methods from an Array Element 443 7.7 Arrays of Objects 444 7.8 The Sequential Search Algorithm 447 7.9 Two-Dimensional Arrays 450 Initializing a Two-Dimensional Array 454 The length Field in a Two-Dimensional Array 455
- 25. Displaying All the Elements of a Two-Dimensional Array 457 Summing All the Elements of a Two-Dimensional Array 457 Summing the Rows of a Two-Dimensional Array 458 Summing the Columns of a Two-Dimensional Array 458 Passing Two-Dimensional Arrays to Methods 459 Ragged Arrays 461 7.10 Arrays with Three or More Dimensions 462 7.11 The Selection Sort and the Binary Search Algorithms 463 The Selection Sort Algorithm 463 The Binary Search Algorithm 466 7.12 Command-Line Arguments and Variable-Length Argument Lists 468 Command-Line Arguments 469 Variable-Length Argument Lists 470 7.13 The ArrayList Class 472 Creating and Using an ArrayList Object 473 Using the Enhanced for Loop with an ArrayList 474 The ArrayList Class’s toString method 475 Removing an Item from an ArrayList 476 Inserting an Item 477 Replacing an Item 478 Capacity 479 Storing Your Own Objects in an ArrayList 479
- 26. Using the Diamond Operator for Type Inference 480 7.14 Common Errors to Avoid 481 Review Questions and Exercises 481 Programming Challenges 486 Chapter 8 A Second Look at Classes and Objects 493 8.1 Static Class Members 493 A Quick Review of Instance Fields and Instance Methods 493 Static Members 494 Static Fields 494 Static Methods 497 8.2 Passing Objects as Arguments to Methods 500 8.3 Returning Objects from Methods 503 8.4 The toString Method 505 8.5 Writing an equals Method 509 8.6 Methods That Copy Objects 512 Copy Constructors 514 8.7 Aggregation 515 Aggregation in UML Diagrams 523 Security Issues with Aggregate Classes 523 Avoid Using null References 525 8.8 The this Reference Variable 528 Using this to Overcome Shadowing 529
- 27. Using this to Call an Overloaded Constructor from Another Constructor 530 8.9 Enumerated Types 531 Enumerated Types Are Specialized Classes 532 Switching On an Enumerated Type 538 8.10 Garbage Collection 540 The finalize Method 542 8.11 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Class Collaboration 542 Determining Class Collaborations with CRC Cards 545 8.12 Common Errors to Avoid 546 Review Questions and Exercises 547 Programming Challenges 551 Chapter 9 Text Processing and More about Wrapper Classes 557 9.1 Introduction to Wrapper Classes 557 9.2 Character Testing and Conversion with the Character Class 558 Character Case Conversion 563 9.3 More String Methods 566 Searching for Substrings 566 Extracting Substrings 572 Methods That Return a Modified String 576 The Static valueOf Methods 577 9.4 The StringBuilder Class 579 The StringBuilder Constructors 580 Other StringBuilder Methods 581
- 28. The toString Method 584 9.5 Tokenizing Strings 589 9.6 Wrapper Classes for the Numeric Data Types 594 The Static toString Methods 594 The toBinaryString , toHexString , and toOctalString Methods 594 The MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE Constants 595 Autoboxing and Unboxing 595 9.7 Focus on Problem Solving: The TestScoreReader Class 597 9.8 Common Errors to Avoid 601 Review Questions and Exercises 601 Programming Challenges 605 Chapter 10 Inheritance 611 10.1 What Is Inheritance? 611 Generalization and Specialization 611 Inheritance and the “Is a” Relationship 612 Inheritance in UML Diagrams 620 The Superclass’s Constructor 621 Inheritance Does Not Work in Reverse 623 10.2 Calling the Superclass Constructor 624 When the Superclass Has No Default or No-Arg Constructors 630 Summary of Constructor Issues in Inheritance 631 10.3 Overriding Superclass Methods 632
- 29. Overloading versus Overriding 637 Preventing a Method from Being Overridden 640 10.4 Protected Members 641 Package Access 646 10.5 Chains of Inheritance 647 Class Hierarchies 653 10.6 The Object Class 653 10.7 Polymorphism 655 Polymorphism and Dynamic Binding 656 The “Is-a” Relationship Does Not Work in Reverse 658 The instanceof Operator 659 10.8 Abstract Classes and Abstract Methods 660 Abstract Classes in UML 666 10.9 Interfaces 667 An Interface is a Contract 669 Fields in Interfaces 673 Implementing Multiple Interfaces 673 Interfaces in UML 673 Default Methods 674 Polymorphism and Interfaces 676 10.10 Anonymous Inner Classes 681 10.11 Functional Interfaces and Lambda Expressions 684 10.12 Common Errors to Avoid 689
- 30. Review Questions and Exercises 690 Programming Challenges 696 Chapter 11 Exceptions and Advanced File I/O 701 11.1 Handling Exceptions 701 Exception Classes 702 Handling an Exception 703 Retrieving the Default Error Message 707 Polymorphic References to Exceptions 710 Using Multiple catch Clauses to Handle Multiple Exceptions 710 The finally Clause 718 The Stack Trace 720 Handling Multiple Exceptions with One catch Clause 721 When an Exception Is Not Caught 723 Checked and Unchecked Exceptions 724 11.2 Throwing Exceptions 725 Creating Your Own Exception Classes 728 Using the @exception Tag in Documentation Comments 731 11.3 Advanced Topics: Binary Files, Random Access Files, and Object Serialization 732 Binary Files 732 Random Access Files 739 Object Serialization 744 Serializing Aggregate Objects 748
- 31. 11.4 Common Errors to Avoid 749 Review Questions and Exercises 749 Programming Challenges 755 Chapter 12 JavaFX: GUI Programming and Basic Controls 759 12.1 Graphical User Interfaces 759 Event-Driven GUI Programs 761 12.2 Introduction to JavaFX 762 Controls 762 Stages and Scenes 763 The Application Class 763 12.3 Creating Scenes 765 Creating Controls 766 Creating Layout Containers 766 Creating a Scene Object 767 Adding the Scene Object to the Stage 768 Setting the Size of the Scene 770 Aligning Controls in an HBox Layout Container 770 12.4 Displaying Images 772 Loading Images from an Internet Location 775 Setting the Size of an Image 775 Preserving the Image’s Aspect Ratio 775 Changing an ImageView’s Image 776 12.5 More about the HBox, VBox , and GridPane Layout Containers 776
- 32. The HBox Layout Container 777 The VBox Layout Container 782 The GridPane Layout Container 784 Using Multiple Layout Containers in the Same Screen 791 12.6 Button Controls and Events 792 Handling Events 794 Writing Event Handlers 794 Registering an Event Handler 795 12.7 Reading Input with TextField Controls 799 12.8 Using Anonymous Inner Classes and Lambda Expressions to Handle Events 803 Using Anonymous Inner Classes to Create Event Handlers 803 Using Lambda Expressions to Create Event Handlers 806 12.9 The BorderPane Layout Container 808 12.10 The ObservableList Interface 812 12.11 Common Errors to Avoid 814 Review Questions and Exercises 814 Programming Challenges 818 Chapter 13 JavaFX: Advanced Controls 823 13.1 Styling JavaFX Applications with CSS 823 Type Selector Names 824 Style Properties 825 Applying a Stylesheet to a JavaFX Application 826
- 33. Applying Styles to the Root Node 830 Specifying Multiple Selectors in the Same Style Definition 832 Working with Colors 832 Creating a Custom Style Class Name 834 ID Selectors 836 Inline Style Rules 837 13.2 RadioButton Controls 838 Determining in Code Whether a RadioButton Is Selected 839 Selecting a RadioButton in Code 839 Responding to RadioButton Clicks 844 13.3 CheckBox Controls 848 Determining in Code Whether a CheckBox Is Selected 848 Selecting a CheckBox in Code 849 Responding to CheckBox Clicks 853 13.4 ListView Controls 853 Retrieving the Selected Item 855 Retrieving the Index of the Selected Item 856 Responding to Item Selection with an Event Handler 859 Adding Items versus Setting Items 860 Initializing a ListView with an Array or an ArrayList 861 Selection Modes 862 Retrieving Multiple Selected Items 863
- 34. Working With the Elements of an ObservableList 866 Converting an ObservableList to an Array 867 Using Code to Select an Item in a ListView 868 ListView Orientation 868 Creating ListViews of Objects Other Than String 869 13.5 ComboBox Controls 874 Retrieving the Selected Item 875 Responding to ComboBox Item Selection with an Event Handler 877 Editable ComboBoxes 879 13.6 Slider Controls 880 13.7 TextArea Controls 885 13.8 Menus 887 Assigning Mnemonics to Menu Items 895 13.9 The FileChooser Class 897 Displaying a FileChooser Dialog Box 898 13.10 Using Console Output to Debug a GUI Application 898 13.11 Common Errors to Avoid 902 Review Questions 902 Programming Challenges 906 Chapter 14 JavaFX: Graphics, Effects, and Media 909 14.1 Drawing Shapes 909 The Screen Coordinate System 909 The Shape Class and Its Subclasses 910
- 35. The Line Class 911 Changing the Stroke Color 914 The Circle Class 914 The Rectangle Class 918 The Ellipse Class 921 The Arc Class 924 The Polygon Class 928 The Polyline Class 931 The Text Class 933 Rotating Nodes 936 Scaling Nodes 938 14.2 Animation 940 The TranslateTransition Class 941 The RotateTransition Class 944 The ScaleTransition Class 949 The StrokeTransition Class 952 The FillTransition Class 953 The FadeTransition Class 954 Controlling the Animation 956 Specifying an Interpolator 956 14.3 Effects 958 The DropShadow Class 958
- 36. The InnerShadow Class 961 The ColorAdjust Class 962 The BoxBlur , GaussianBlur , and MotionBlur Classes 962 The SepiaTone Class 965 The Glow Class 966 The Reflection Class 967 Combining Effects 967 14.4 Playing Sound Files 969 Registering an EndOfMedia Event Handler 971 14.5 Playing Videos 974 14.6 Handling Key Events 979 Using an Anonymous Inner Class to Register a Key Event Handler to the Scene 980 Using a Lambda Expression to Register a Key Event Handler to the Scene 981 14.7 Handling Mouse Events 986 14.8 Common Errors to Avoid 992 Review Questions 992 Programming Challenges 995 Chapter 15 Recursion 999 15.1 Introduction to Recursion 999 15.2 Solving Problems with Recursion 1002 Direct and Indirect Recursion 1006 15.3 Examples of Recursive Methods 1007
- 37. Summing a Range of Array Elements with Recursion 1007 Drawing Concentric Circles 1008 The Fibonacci Series 1011 Finding the Greatest Common Divisor 1012 15.4 A Recursive Binary Search Method 1014 15.5 The Towers of Hanoi 1017 15.6 Common Errors to Avoid 1021 Review Questions and Exercises 1022 Programming Challenges 1025 Chapter 16 Databases 1027 16.1 Introduction to Database Management Systems 1027 JDBC 1028 SQL 1029 Using a DBMS 1029 Java DB and Apache Derby 1030 Creating the CoffeeDB Database 1030 Connecting to the CoffeeDB Database 1030 Connecting to a Password-Protected Database 1032 16.2 Tables, Rows, and Columns 1033 Column Data Types 1035 Primary Keys 1035 16.3 Introduction to the SQL SELECT Statement 1036 Passing an SQL Statement to the DBMS 1038
- 38. Specifying Search Criteria with the WHERE Clause 1048 Sorting the Results of a SELECT Query 1054 Mathematical Functions 1055 16.4 Inserting Rows 1058 Inserting Rows with JDBC 1060 16.5 Updating and Deleting Existing Rows 1062 Updating Rows with JDBC 1063 Deleting Rows with the DELETE Statement 1067 Deleting Rows with JDBC 1067 16.6 Creating and Deleting Tables 1071 Removing a Table with the DROP TABLE Statement 1074 16.7 Creating a New Database with JDBC 1074 16.8 Scrollable Result Sets 1076 16.9 Result Set Metadata 1077 16.10 Relational Data 1084 Joining Data from Multiple Tables 1086 An Order Entry System 1087 16.11 Advanced Topics 1100 Transactions 1100 Stored Procedures 1101 16.12 Common Errors to Avoid 1102 Review Questions and Exercises 1102 Programming Challenges 1107
- 39. Index 1109 The following appendices, online chapters, and online case studies are available on the book’s online resource page at www.pearson.com/cs-resources. Online Appendices: Appendix A: The ASCII/Unicode Characters Appendix B: Operator Precedence and Associativity Appendix C: Java Key Words Appendix D: Installing the JDK and Using the JDK Documentation Appendix E: Using the javadoc Utility Appendix F: More about the Math Class Appendix G: Packages Appendix H: Working with Records and Random - Access Files Appendix I: Configuring Java DB and Installing Apache Derby Appendix J: The QuickSort Algorithm Appendix K: Named Colors Appendix L: Answers to Checkpoints Appendix M: Answers to Odd-Numbered Review Questions Online Chapters: Chapter 17: A First look at GUI Applications Chapter 18: Advanced GUI Applications Chapter 19: Applets and More Chapter 20: Creating GUI Applications with JavaFX and Scene Builder
- 40. Online Case Studies: Case Study 1: Calculating Sales Commission Case Study 2: The Amortization Class Case Study 3: The PinTester Class Case Study 4: Parallel Arrays Case Study 5: The FeetInches Class Case Study 6: The SerialNumber Class Case Study 7: A Simple Text Editor Application
- 41. Location of videonotes in the text Chapter 1 Compiling and Running a Java Program, p. 14 Using an IDE, p. 14 Your First Java Program, p. 25 Chapter 2 Displaying Console Output, p. 33 Declaring Variables, p. 39 Simple Math Expressions, p. 55 The Miles-per-Gallon Problem, p. 107 Chapter 3 The if Statement, p. 111 The if-else Statement, p. 120 The if-else-if Statement, p. 129 The Time Calculator Problem, p. 182 Chapter 4 The while Loop, p. 193 The Pennies for Pay Problem, p. 263
- 42. Chapter 5 Passing Arguments to a Method, p. 279 Returning a Value from a Method, p. 293 The Retail Price Calculator Problem, p. 311 Chapter 6 Writing Classes and Creating Objects, p. 325 Initializing an Object with a Constructor, p. 346 The Personal Information Class Problem, p. 395 Chapter 7 Accessing Array Elements in a Loop, p. 407 Passing an Array to a Method, p. 422 The Charge Account Validation Problem, p. 487 Chapter 8 Returning Objects from Methods, p. 503 Aggregation, p. 515 The BankAccount , Class Copy Constructor Problem, p. 552
- 43. Chapter 9 The Sentence Capitalizer Problem, p. 605 Chapter 10 Inheritance, p. 611 Polymorphism, p. 655 The Employee and Productionworker Classes Problem, p. 696 Chapter 11 Handling Exceptions, p. 701 The Exception Project Problem, p. 757 Chapter 12 Introduction to JavaFX, p. 762 Creating Scenes, p. 765 Displaying Images, p. 772 The HBox Layout Container, p. 777 The VBox Layout Container, p. 782 The GridPane Layout Container, p. 784 Button Controls and Events, p. 792
- 44. The TextField Control, p. 799 Using Anonymous Inner Classes as Event Handlers, p. 803 Using Lambda Expressions as Event Handlers, p. 806 The Latin Translator Problem, p. 818 Chapter 13 JavaFX and CSS, p. 823 RadioButton Controls, p. 838 CheckBox Controls, p. 848 ListView Controls, p. 853 ComboBox Controls, p. 874 Slider Controls, p. 880 The Dorm and Meal Plan Calculator Problem, p. 906 Chapter 14 Drawing Shapes with JavaFX, p. 909 JavaFX Animation, p. 940 JavaFX Effects, p. 958
- 45. Playing Sound Files with JavaFX, p. 970 Playing Videos with JavaFX, p. 974 Handling Key Events in JavaFX, p. 979 Handling Mouse Events in JavaFX, p. 986 The Coin Toss Problem, p. 996 Chapter 15 Reducing a Problem with Recursion, p. 1003 The Recursive Power Problem, p. 1026 Chapter 16 The Customer Inserter Problem, p. 1107
- 46. Preface Welcome to Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects, Seventh Edition. This book is intended for a one-semester or a two- quarter CS1 course. Although it is written for students with no prior programming background, even experienced students will benefit from its depth of detail. Control Structures First, Then Objects This text first introduces the student to the fundamentals of data types, input and output, control structures, methods, and objects created from standard library classes. Next, the student learns to use arrays of primitive types and reference types. After this, the student progresses through more advanced topics, such as inheritance, polymorphism, the creation and management of packages, GUI applications, recursion, and database programming. From early in the book, applications are documented with javadoc comments. As the student progresses through the text, new javadoc tags are covered and demonstrated. As with all the books in the Starting Out With … series, the hallmark of this text is its clear, friendly, and easy-to-understand writing. In addition, it is rich in example programs that are concise and practical.
- 47. Changes in the Seventh Edition This book’s pedagogy, organization, and clear writing style remain the same as in the previous edition. The most significant change in this edition is the switch from Swing to JavaFX in the chapters that focus on GUI development. Although Swing is not officially deprecated, Oracle has announced that JavaFX has replaced Swing as the standard GUI library for Java. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javafx/overview/faq-1446554.html#6 In this edition, we have added the following new chapters: CHAPTER 12 JAVAFX: GUI PROGRAMMING AND BASIC CONTROLS This chapter presents the basics of developing graphical user interface (GUI) applications with JavaFX. Fundamental controls, layout containers, and the basic concepts of event-driven programming are covered. CHAPTER 13 JAVAFX: ADVANCED CONTROLS This chapter discusses CSS styling and advanced user interface controls. CHAPTER 14 JAVAFX: GRAPHICS, EFFECTS, AND MEDIA This chapter discusses 2D shapes, animation, visual effects, playing audio and video, and responding to mouse and keyboard events. The Swing and Applet material that appeared in the previous edition is still available on the book’s companion Web site, as the following online chapters: The previous Chapter 12 A First Look At GUI Applications is now available online as Chapter 17 . The previous Chapter 13 Advanced GUI Applications is now available online as Chapter 18 . 1 1
- 48. The previous Chapter 14 Applets and More is now available online as Chapter 19 . Note: Chapter 15 from the previous edition has also been moved to the book’s companion Web site as Chapter 20 Creating JavaFX Applications with Scene Builder. Although Oracle no longer officially supports Scene Builder, it is still available as an open source tool at http://http://gluonhq.com/labs/scene-builder/ In addition to the new JavaFX chapters, the Database chapter, which is now Chapter 15 , has been updated to use JavaFX instead of Swing for its GUI applications. We have also added several new, motivational programming problems throughout the book. Organization of the Text The text teaches Java step-by-step. Each chapter covers a major set of topics and builds knowledge as students progress through the book. Although the chapters can be easily taught in their existing sequence, there is some flexibility. Figure P-1 shows chapter dependencies. Each box represents a chapter or a group of chapters. An arrow points from a chapter to the chapter that must be previously covered.
- 49. Figure P-1 Chapter dependencies
- 50. Another Random Scribd Document with Unrelated Content
- 51. N. C. C. W.; A. B. U. N. C., 1920. Mathematics teacher in Wilson High School, 1920-21; Salisbury High School, 1921-22. Gattis, Alice Lee Chapel Hill, N. C. A. B. U. N. C., 1922. Gattis, Lillian Foushee Chapel Hill, N. C. U. N. C., 1919— Ghent, Marguerite Dothan, Ala. U. N. C., 1921— Goforth, Caroline L. 318 McClintock Bldg., Denver, Colo. Graduate N. C. C. W.; U. N. C., 1918-19; Columbia University and National Training School of the Y. W. C. A., 1919-20. Taught in Jamestown High School, 1917-18; student secretary, Y. W. C. A., for colleges and universities in Utah, Kansas, Wyoming, and Colorado. Goforth, Willard
- 52. (Mrs. E. Eybers) Stellenbasch Univ., Stellenbasch, South Africa N. C. C. W., 1916-18; U. N. C., 1918-19; Barnard College, 1919- 20. Married July, 1920. Graves, Mary DeBerniere (Mrs. A. D. Rees) 308 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa. St. Mary’s School; Stuart Hall; U. N. C., 1905-06; Maryland Institute; Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia. Advertising and illustrating work for New York World and Judge; illustrated articles in Saturday Magazine of New York Evening Post and Sunday Tribune. Married Sept. 18, 1919; has one son, Arthur Pembroke. Greenlaw, Dorothy Durland Chapel Hill, N. C. U. N. C., 1918— Grimes, Alice Dugger (Mrs. Walter H.) Raleigh, N. C. Graduate St. Mary’s School; U. N. C., 1907-08. Has one son.
- 53. Ham, Mattie (Mrs. J. A. McRae) 303 Monroe Road, Charlotte, N. C. Law student U. N. C., 1914-15. Fourth woman lawyer to pass Supreme Court examination. Practiced law several months. Was married Jan. 22, 1916; has three children, two sons and one daughter. Member D. A. R. Hamilton, Martha Metzger (Mrs. T. H.) Chapel Hill, N. C. U. N. C., 1921— Hand, Erwin Robinson (Mrs. J. K.) Charlotte, N. C. U. N. C., 1905-06. Hankins, Melissa M. 4722 Springfield Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. A. B. Salem College; U. N. C., 1920-21; now studying medicine at University of Pennsylvania.
- 54. Harmon, Minnie Etta Tazewell, Va. A. B. Lynchburg College; U. N. C., 1921— Harper, Alice Hermina Address unknown. Boston Univ.; U. N. C., 1906-07. Harris, Julia Hamlet Meredith College, Raleigh, N. C. Graduate St. Mary’s School; Ph. B. U. N. C., 1905; A. M. Cornell University; Ph. D. Yale University. In Department of English, Meredith College. Henderson, Curtis Chapel Hill, N. C. U. N. C., 1921— Henderson, Mary Ferrand Salisbury, N. C. Graduate St. Mary’s School; law student U. N. C., 1915-16.
- 55. Hill, Annie Belle Howard Jackson, Tenn. B. L. Flora MacDonald; A. B. U. N. C., 1922. Holland, Alma Chapel Hill, N. C. U. N. C., 1919-20. Assistant, Department of Botany, U. N. C. Horsfield, Margaret Bennitt 218 E. Maxwell St., Lexington, Ky. A. B. U. N. C., 1911; studied in Paris summer of 1913; Columbia University, summer sessions 1917, 1918, 1921. Member faculty Salem College, 1911-17; now instructor romance languages, University of Kentucky. Hooper, Caroline Alice Hendersonville, N. C. U. N. C., 1900-01. Teacher of French in Fassifern School. Huffman, Willie Costner (Mrs. E. W. G.) Chapel Hill, N. C.
- 56. Lenoir College; N. C. C. W.; U. N. C., 1921— Hughes, Adeline Edmonds Henderson, N. C. Graduate St. Mary’s School; A. B. U. N. C., 1921. Secretary to the director, School of Public Welfare, U. N. C. Hume, Mary Gregory (Mrs. J. E. Mills) Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood, Md. Hollins Institute; U. N. C., 1905-06. Taught in Birmingham, Ala.; Asheville, N. C.; and Richmond, Va. Married October 15, 1921. Author of a number of short stories in various magazines. Jarman, Mary (Mrs. T. A. Hearn) 18 Quinsan Road, Shanghai, China A. B. U. N. C., 1911; graduate St. Luke’s Hospital, Jacksonville. Established training school for nurses, Huchow, China. Married December, 1918; has two sons. Editorial secretary, Nurses Assoc, of China; editor bilingual Quarterly Journal for Chinese Nurses. Johnson, Annie Susan
- 57. (Mrs. W. R. Barber) 25 Boulevard, Whitestone, L. I., New York U. N. C., 1904-06. Johnston, Addie Louise Mebane, N. C. N. C. C. W.; U. N. C., 1919-20. Jones, Alice Edwards Chapel Hill, N. C. Ph. B. U. N. C., 1900, A. M., 1904; Columbia University (summer session); student in archaeology American Academy, Rome, Italy, 1913-14. Taught Latin in St. Mary’s School and Winthrop College; lady principal, St. Mary’s; associate principal, Catlin School, Portland, Oreg.; dean, St. Mary’s College, Dallas, Tex. Jones, Leah Donnell (Mrs. L. J. Stevens) New Berne, N. C. U. N. C., 1899-1900. Married, 1907; has one son, John Duval. Superintendent Public Welfare, Craven County. Jones, Margaret Mordecai
- 58. (Mrs. Ernest Cruikshank) Columbia, Tenn. St. Mary’s School; U. N. C., 1900-01; B. S. and Teachers’ Diploma, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1911; studied in Europe, 1907 and 1911. Taught mathematics in St. Mary’s School and N. Y. City High School. Married June 7, 1911; has three children, one son and two daughters. Jones, Mary Best (Mrs. Isaac H. Manning) Chapel Hill, N. C. Graduate N. C. C. W.; U. N. C., 1910-11. Teacher in public schools of Goldsboro, Wilmington, and Chapel Hill. Married June 6 1911; has three sons. Author of Songs of the Seasons and a number of short stories published in children’s papers. Member of D. A. R. and Colonial Dames. Joyner, Ruth Deans (Mrs.) 308 Park Ave., Wilson, N. C. A. B. N. C. C. W.; U. N. C., 1920-21. Justice, Margaret Curtis Chapel Hill, N. C.
- 59. Columbia University; U. N. C., 1921. Kasey, Watson (Mrs. Theodore H. Partrick) Plymouth, N. C. Stuart Hall; A. B. U. N. C., 1913. Taught in Salem College. Kendrick, Mary Pearson 83 Elm St., Jamaica Plain, Boston, Mass. A. B. Smith College; A. M. U. N. C., 1899. Kennette, Ernestine Chapel Hill, N. C. Graduate N. C. C. W.; A. B. U. N. C., 1918. Doing secretarial work, School of Education, U. N. C. Lambertson, Brownie Augusta (Mrs. ....................) Address unknown. U. N. C., 1903-06. Latham, Marcia Louise
- 60. 432 Central Park West, New York City Ph. B. U. N. C., 1900. Latshaw, Sylvia Louise (Mrs. Harry F.) Chapel Hill, N. C. A. B. Flora Macdonald; A. B. in Educ. U. N. C., 1920, A. M. 1921. Teacher in Chapel Hill High School. Lawton, Beulah Scotte 89 Lawton St., Atlanta, Ga. U. N. C., 1920-21. Playground director in Macon, Ga.; Y. W. C. A. secretary in Parlin, N. J., and Greenville, S. C.; executive secretary, American Red Cross, Gibson County, Tenn. Lay, Elizabeth Atkinson Chapel Hill, N. C. Graduate St. Mary’s School; A. B. U. N. C., 1919, A. M., 1922. Field agent, Bureau of Community Drama, University Extension Division. Author of When Witches Ride, The Hag, Trista, and several bulletins; joint author of Blackbeard: Pirate of the Carolina Coast. One of the first and foremost workers in the Carolina Playmakers. Her engagement to Paul E. Greene, ’21, has just been announced.
- 61. Lay, Ellen Booth Beaufort, N. C. Graduate St. Mary’s School; A. B. U. N. C., 1922. Joint author of In Dixon’s Kitchen, produced by the Carolina Playmakers. Levis, Anna Conron Govans, Md. U. N. C., 1921— Lewis, Callie Agnes (Mrs. P. A. Reynolds) 132 Dunleith Ave., Winston-Salem, N. C. A. B. U. N. C., 1917. Taught in Chapel Hill High School, 1917-18. Married August 28, 1918. Has two daughters. Liddell, Anna Forbes 600 East Ave., Charlotte, N. C. A. B. U. N. C., 1918. With McGraw-Hill Pub. Co., New York, 1918-19; since then teacher of English in Salisbury High School. Long, Ruth Virginia Chapel Hill, N. C. U. N. C., 1920-21.
- 62. Lynch, Margaret (Mrs. C. L. Murphy) Salisbury, N. C. School of Pharmacy, U. N. C., 1916-17. Lynch, Rachel (Mrs. Eugene Simpson) 810 Cloverdale Ave., Winston-Salem, N. C. B. Ped. N. C. C. W.; A. B. U. N. C., 1915. Taught in western N. C. Married June 17, 1919. Has one daughter, Margaret Lynch. MacDonald, Caroline Goldsboro, N. C. U. N. C., 1899-1900. MacKenzie, Frances Elizabeth Raleigh, N. C. Law student U. N. C., 1918-20. After obtaining license practiced a year in New Berne with Moore and Dunn; at present has her own office in the Allen Building. MacMillan, Genevieve
- 63. Red Springs, N. C. A. B. Flora MacDonald; A. B. U. N. C., 1922. MacRae, Mary Shackelford (Mrs. R. L. Gray) Durham, N. C. U. N. C., 1897-98—the first woman to register in the University. Has two sons and one daughter. Her eldest son has been in the University for three years and her daughter is ready to enter the freshman class. McCarthy, Eleanor B. 2405 Grove Ave., Richmond, Va. U. N. C., 1919-20. Laboratory technician Watts Hospital, Durham, for one year. McFadyen, Virginia Hendon (Mrs. Edwin Bjorkman) 226 Fifth Ave., New York City A. B. U. N. C., 1919. Taught school one year. Married, 1921. Retains maiden name. McGlamery, Winnie
- 64. Winthrop College, Rock Hill, S. C. U. N. C., 1915-18; A. B. Goucher College, 1919. Secretary to the president of Haverford College, 1919-20; taught at Mary Baldwin Seminary, 1920-21; extension secretary, Winthrop College, 1921-22. McIver, Lula Martin Spring Garden St., Greensboro, N. C. Graduate N. C. C. W.; U. N. C., 1921-22. McKie, Elizabeth Frances Chapel Hill, N. C. U. N. C., 1920— McQueen, Anna Address unknown. U. N. C., 1902-03. Missionary in Korea. Macon, Mary Litchford 2247 W. Thompson St., Philadelphia, Pa. U. N. C., 1917-18, 1920 (spring term); student Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania, taking the course for laboratory technicians.
- 65. Matthews, Helen Ingram Charlotte, N. C. Erskine College; law student U. N. C., 1916-17. Meares, Katherine DeRosset Drawer B. Ridgeway, S. C. Graduate St. Mary’s School; A. B. U. N. C., 1920; Columbia University. Taught in high schools of Bennettsville and Anderson, S. C., and Goldsboro, N. C.; head of Department of Latin, Columbia College, Columbia, S. C. Merritt, Bessie Lee Chapel Hill, N. C. Pharmacy student U. N. C., 1918-19. Secretary to chief, Bureau of High School Debating and Athletics, University Extension Division. Merritt, Lena Evelyn Burlington, N. C. U. N. C., 1918-19. Miller, Marion Spiers Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. A. B. U. N. C., 1918. In office of Register of the Treasury.
- 66. Miller, Mary Scales War Department, Washington, D. C. Queens College; A. B. U. N. C., 1916. In office of Adjutant General. Moore, Magnolia Arcena (Mrs. J. S.) Fremont, N. C. U. N. C., 1919-20. Has three children. Morris, Myrtle Estelle Lubbock, Texas A. M. U. N. C., 1918. Teaches in public schools during the school year and spends summers on ranch. Moses, Mildred (Mrs. Louis Graves) Chapel Hill, N. C. N. C. C. W.; U. N. C., 1917-18. Taught in city schools in Wilson, Morganton, Durham, and Chapel Hill; secretary to the librarian, U. N. C., 1919. Married June 18, 1921.
- 67. Moss, Cora Jenkins Franklinton, N. C. A. B. Trinity College; U. N. C., 1921— Moxley, Jane Elizabeth 90 High St., Nutley, N. J. U. N. C., 1922. Neal, Naomi Mullins, S. C. A. B. N. C. C. W.; U. N. C., 1921. Neville, Grace Virginia Chapel Hill, N. C. Elon College; U. N. C., 1921— Noa, Ernestine Lookout Mountain, Tenn. Completed special courses in Goucher College, Cleveland Kindergarten College, Peabody College; U. N. C., 1914-15. Assistant to Dr. E. C. Branson, U. N. C., 1915-20; at present president Tenn. Woman’s Press and Author’s Club, and holding office in a number of other local or state clubs.
- 68. Norburn, Martha Elizabeth R. F. D. Box 4, Candler, N. C. U. N. C., 1919-20. Odom, Helen Louise 1519 Park Ave., Baltimore, Md. U. N. C., 1900-02. After doing some tutoring took up secretarial work; with War Department, 1918-21; now chief clerk Md. State Board of Motion Picture Censors. Odum, Ana Kranz (Mrs. H. W.) Chapel Hill, N. C. A. M. Clarke University; U. N. C., 1921— Palmer, Madeline Elizabeth (Mrs. Edmund McRary) Charlotte, N. C. LL. B. U. N. C., 1919. Parker, Julia Piccola
- 69. New Berne, N. C. Trinity College; U. N. C., 1921— Pasmore, Julia C. Cary, N. C. Graduate N. C. C. W.; A. B. U. N. C., 1918. Patterson, Harriet Oldring (Mrs. F. E. Bel) 162 Beacon St., Hartford, Conn. U. N. C., 1913-14. Peele, Rennie Clarksville, Va. A. B. U. N. C., 1915; Columbia University (summer session), 1919; Harvard University (summer session), 1921. Taught in Burgaw, N. C., 1911-13; in Florida, 1913-18; now teaching English in Goldsboro High School. President State Council of English Teachers, 1921. Pelton, Mabell Shippie Clarke (Mrs. J. Ravenel Smith) 39 East 10th St., New York City
- 70. A. B. Boston University; A. M. U. N. C., 1905. Married October, 1907. Author of A Tar Heel Baron, The Spirit of French Letters, Twenty Centuries of Paris, Ethel Morton Books. Member D. A. R., Soc. Mayflower Descendants, Colonial Dames, Phi Beta Kappa. Pendergraft, Pearl Chapel Hill, N. C. U. N. C., 1919— Penn, May Belle 819 N. Elm St., Greensboro, N. C. N. C. C. W.; U. N. C., 1921— Penny, Ruth (Mrs. H. C. Heffner) Maiden, N. C. A. B. U. N. C., 1921. Taught in Cornelius High School Sept., Dec., 1921. Married April 8, 1922. Perry, Margaret Gray Wilkesboro, N. C. Graduate N. C. C. W.; A. M. U. N. C., 1920. Teacher.
- 71. Pickard, Nell A. P. Chapel Hill, N. C. A. B. U. N. C., 1921. Teacher in Durham High School. Pickard, Minna Thelma Elizabeth City, N. C. A. B. U. N. C., 1917. Taught in Lexington High School 1917- 1918; since then teacher of science Elizabeth City High School. Pollock, M. Keatinge Chapel Hill, N. C. U. N. C., 1921— Price, Mildred Chapel Hill, N. C. N. C. C. W.; A. B. U. N. C., 1922. Pritchard, Birdie (Mrs. R. O. E. Davis) 1425 Crittenden St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Ph. B. U. N. C., 1902. Married 1905. Two years in associated charity work in Washington; now detail clerk, Veterans’ Bureau.
- 72. Pritchard, Maude (Mrs. A. B. Bristow) Palisade Apt., W. Ghent Blvd., Norfolk, Va. A. B. Elon College; A. M. U. N. C., Taught in Waverley, Va.; City Point. Married August 16, 1916. Principal Carson High School. Pritchard, Vera Chapel Hill, N. C. Elon College; A. B. U. N. C., 1920. Taught in Cherryville schools, 1921-22. Pruden, Lina Tucker Edenton, N. C. N. C. C. W.; A. B. U. N. C., 1922. Pruitt, Annie R. F. D. No. 1, Stem, N. C. A. B. U. N. C., 1921. Puett, Anna Mariah 317 Tarboro St., Rocky Mount, N. C.
- 73. A. B. Chicora College; A. B. U. N. C., 1914. Has taught ever since leaving University, spending the summers usually in some summer school or in traveling; is at present teaching mathematics in the Rocky Mount High School. Rankin, Kathleen Adair (Mrs. Will Moore) Gastonia, N. C. U. N. C., 1900-01. Reid, Louisa Pressly 307 S. Broad Street, Gastonia, N. C. A. B. Queens College, 1917; A. B. U. N. C., 1918, and A. M., 1921. Taught romance languages in Peace Institute, 1919-1920; Chapel Hill High School, 1920-21; Gastonia, 1921-22. Richardson, Helen St. Martinville, La. U. N. C., 1920-21. In government service during the war; secretary, St. Martinville Chapter American Red Cross. Roberson, Mary (Mrs. Roy Mason) 139 E. 66th St., New York City
- 74. U. N. C., 1916-17. Nurse’s Training course U. P. I., Baltimore. Married April 6, 1918. Roberson, Nellie Chapel Hill, N. C. Woman’s College, Richmond, Va.; A. B. U. N. C., 1921. Chief of the Bureau of Public Discussion, University Extension Division. Robinson, Kathrine Mcdiarmid Fayetteville, N. C. N. C. C. W.; Washington College of Law; LL. B. U. N. C., 1920. In government service 1918-19; now attorney at law in partnership with her father. Rodman, Pearl Waxhaw, N. C. U. N. C., 1900-01. Rosemond, Thelma Marie Hillsboro, N. C. U. N. C., 1922. Russell, Dorothy Chapel Hill, N. C.
- 75. U. N. C., 1921— Savley, Eva Davis (Mrs.) Clearwater Lighting Co., Clearwater, Fla. U. N. C., 1920-21. Scales, Elizabeth Walker (Mrs. V. S. Bryant, Jr.) Durham, N. C. A. B. Converse College; U. N. C., 1917-18. Married February, 1921. Scott, Rosa Naomi U. N. C., 1908-09. Sherrill, Mildred Irene Newton, N. C. A. B. Catawba College; A. B. U. N. C., 1920. Taught science in Henderson High School, 1920-21; teacher in Catawba College Academy.
- 76. Shine, Claudia (Mrs. Lee J.) Chapel Hill, N. C. U. N. C., 1919-20. Has a son and a daughter, both alumni of the University. Shine, Lou Chapel Hill, N. C. A. B. U. N. C., 1921. Teacher in Elizabeth City schools. Sloan, Isabel Address unknown. Davidson College; A. B. U. N. C., 1917. Smith, Annie T. Durham, N. C. B. S. in medicine, U. N. C., 1920. Smith, Mattie Elizabeth Marshville, N. C. Pharmacy student U. N. C., 1921—
- 77. Snyder, Ethel (Mrs. W. O. Seymour) Monroe, N. C. Chowan College, 1915-18; U. N. C., 1918-19. Married Sept. 29, 1919. Sparrow, Minnie Shepherd (Mrs. C. W. Keyes) 404 W. 115th St., New York City A. M. U. N. C., 1919. Married September, 1920. Spruill, Mary James Littleton, N. C. Graduate St. Mary’s School; Barnard College; A. B. U. N. C., 1921; A. M., 1922. Stacy, Mary Martha (Mrs. Will Dozier) Huntsboro, Ala. U. N. C., 1911-12. Staley, Bessie