Storage, labeling and handling of HW
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1. The document discusses proper storage, labeling, and handling of hazardous waste. It emphasizes selecting appropriate storage locations and containers, ensuring waste compatibility, and keeping accurate records. 2. Guidelines are provided for storage site selection and design, including using impermeable surfaces and separate areas for incompatible wastes. Proper labeling and marking of containers with waste information is also covered. 3. Inspections of hazardous waste storage areas and containers are recommended to check for leaks or deterioration and ensure guidelines are being followed. Maintaining accurate records of waste quantities and movements is important for regulatory compliance.
Storage, labeling and handling of HW
- 1. Prof. M.R.Ezhilkumar Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore ezhilkumar@skcet.ac.in I only feel angry when I see waste. When I see people throwing away things we could use. – Mother Teresa 1 17CE413 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT 3.8 – Storage, labeling and handling of HW
- 2. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 2 Learning Outcomes ☼ HW Characterisation ☼ HW generation estimation ☼ TCLP ☼ HW sampling 3.8 – Storage, labeling and handling of HW
- 3. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 3 Video Session
- 4. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 4 Hazardous Waste Links in an integrated in hazardous waste management system Storage Collection/ Transportation Disposal
- 5. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 5 Hazardous Waste Handling and storage are part of an integrated system Choose/design storage site carefully Ensure waste compatibility Consider storage duration and types of storage Select appropriate packaging materials and containers Ensure proper marking and labelling Keep accurate records and make regular inspections Consider hazards for personnel
- 6. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 6 Hazardous Waste Incidents due to Storage of Hazardous Wastes Fire Explosion Leakage from deteriorated container Spills during handling Spills or leaks producing toxic vapour
- 7. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 7 Hazardous Waste Requirement for Safe Storage System Storage area should be covered Storage area should be provided with impervious floor Separate storage area should be provided for ignitable and reactive waste “No smoking” sign should be placed for ignitable and reactive waste Ignitable and reactive waste should be treated, if containment is needed Treatment system should protect the material from further reaction or ignition
- 8. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 8 Hazardous Waste Improper Storage of Hazardous Wastes Proper Storage of Hazardous Wastes
- 9. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 9 Hazardous Waste Storage site selection On-site storage: In waste generator premises Not subject to flooding Away from manufacturing/processing areas Away from employee activities Off-site storage: Not subject to flooding Away from residential area Ideally in industrial area Good access to public infrastructure eg roads, emergency services
- 10. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 10 Hazardous Waste Storage site design criteria 1 Minimize risk of explosion or unplanned releases Keep incompatible wastes separate Not < 15m from site boundary (where possible) Away from foot & vehicular traffic Impermeable base material Leak and spill containment
- 11. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 11 Hazardous Waste Storage site design criteria 2 Protection from climate Good ventilation Limit height of stacked containers Eye wash station Provide drainage system or elevate Adsorbent material for spills Re-packaging area Comply with regulations
- 12. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 12 Hazardous Waste Hazardous waste compatibility 1 Compatibility = the ability of two or more materials to exist in close association with each other without the formation of harmful chemical or physical reactions Need compatibility between: waste & container wastes stored together wastes stored close to each other wastes & environment
- 13. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 13 Hazardous Waste Hazardous waste compatibility 2
- 14. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 14 Hazardous Waste Undesirable reactions to mixing incompatible wastes Generation of heat by chemical reaction Alkali metals, metal powders Generation of toxic gases Hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulphide Generation of flammable gases Hydrogen, acetylene Generation of gases Nitrogen oxides, chlorine,sulphur dioxide Dissolution of toxic compounds Heavy metals, complexing agents
- 15. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 15 Hazardous Waste Duration of hazardous waste storage o Storage should be for as brief a period as possible o Permitted temporary storage duration varies from country to country o Western Europe: o Typically 28 or 90 days o USA: o Up to 90 days for large quantity generators o Up to 180 days for small quantity generators o Some European countries and Far East: o Indefinite period allowed
- 16. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 16 Hazardous Waste Long term storage For longer term storage, different controls needed If storage may be indefinite, controls should be similar to those for final disposal facilities Long term storage may be a practical solution to the problem of a shortage of hazardous waste treatment and dsiposal facilities Important to avoid ‘storage’ becoming an excuse for uncontrolled disposal
- 17. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 17 Hazardous Waste Types of storage Containerised Bulk liquids in tanks Bulk solids in bunkers, silos, skips
- 18. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 18 Hazardous Waste Packaging materials Must be inert and not react with the hazardous waste Must be able to absorb impact Materials which can be used include: Steel Aluminium Natural Wood Plywood Reconstituted wood Fibreboard Plastic material Textile Metal (other than steel or aluminium) Glass or stoneware
- 19. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 19 Hazardous Waste Types of containers Bags Boxes Drums Jerrycans Combination packaging Composite packaging
- 20. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 20 Hazardous Waste STORAGE CONTAINER Packaging in 200L closed containers Package must be with its filling holes up Mark “HAZARDOUS WASTE” in English and local language Label the containers for its predominant characteristics as per motor Vehicles rules (1989) Restrict reuse of containers (ensure suitability)
- 21. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 21 Hazardous Waste Container selection criteria Inert will not react with contents is impervious to attack from contents Robust and able to absorb impact Good condition, free of leaks, structural defects or rust, clean Able to be kept closed except when waste material being added or removed Contents will not escape in normal handling Suitable for quantity/volume of wastes - not over filled
- 22. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 22 Hazardous Waste Drums and cans Drums: Reconditioned drums are cheaper than new ones Inspect quality and type of drum Cans: Useful for vertical free space Potential problems: Increase in disposal cost Increase in handling risks
- 23. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 23 Hazardous Waste Tanks Suitable for storage of bulk material Offer rigid and integral containment Easy to inspect Suitable for bulk materials handling systems eg pipelines, belt conveyors
- 24. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 24 Hazardous Waste Marking and labelling
- 25. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 25 Hazardous Waste All markings Markings should be: Durable In English and/or native language Unobscured Against a contrasting background Away from other markings
- 26. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 26 Hazardous Waste Labels All containers must be clearly marked with waste type and hazard Labels should be: Made of good quality materials Durable Weather resistant Well located Recognisable and legible in day and night time Give information about handling precautions and prohibitions At least 100mm on each side
- 27. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 27 Hazardous Waste Types of labels Hazard labels: In the shape of a square set at 45º Required for most dangerous goods except for magnetised materials Handling labels: In various rectangular shapes Required either alone or in addition of hazard labels for some dangerous goods
- 28. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 28 Hazardous Waste Record keeping and inspection Inspection: • To ensure proper handling and storage • To check integrity of storage Record keeping: • To provide a record of waste generation and movement • To inform a subseqeuent disposal option • To serve as “chain of custody” document • To comply with regulations • To ensure duty of care
- 29. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 29 Hazardous Waste STORAGE AND HANDLING Weekly Inspection: • Leaking Containers • Corrosion /deterioration of container • Labelling of containers • Visibility of labels • Effectiveness of Spill control facility • Segregation of Non-Compatibles • Any Strange odour • Communication devices working? • Sign Boards
- 30. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 30 Hazardous Waste CONTAINER AND TANK CHECKLISTS • Integrity • Labels • Compatibility of Wastes • Distance from Fence Line • Aisle Space • Secondary Containment
- 31. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 31 Hazardous Waste AFTER AN INCIDENT • Generator operators must record the time, date, and details of any incident that requires implementing the contingency plan. • A written report has to be submitted to the governing regulatory agency within 15 days after the incident.
- 32. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 32 Hazardous Waste Handling and storage hazards for personnel • Accidental injury eg equipment, containers falling, fires, explosions • Chemical or biological harm eg respiratory problems, skin complaints • Systemic effects: • nausea • headaches • cancer
- 33. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 33 Hazardous Waste Personal Protective Equipment • Eye protection • Wear enclosed goggles or face shield • glasses if chance of splashing or shattering. • Shoes, lab coat, long pants. • Plastic/rubber apron for caustics/corrosives. • Correct gloves for chemical (see compatible chart).
- 34. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 34 Hazardous Waste TRAINING • Training program needs to include contingency plan implementation. • This should include where applicable: • Automatic waste feed cut-off systems • Emergency and monitoring equipment • Operation of communications and alarm systems • Response to fire or explosion • Response to groundwater contamination incidents • Response to leaks or spills • Shutdown of operations.
- 35. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 35 Hazardous Waste TRAINING • The new employee training must be completed within six months. • Need an annual review of initial training. • No unsupervised employees until training is complete. • Waste storage area managers and hazardous waste handlers have to have required training.
- 36. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 36 Assessment Time Review Question Recommend a best hazardous handling and storage facility for the sterlite copper industry.
- 37. SHWM – Module 3 – SANITARY LANDFILL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Mr.M.R.Ezhilkumar 37