Structural existential analysis slides
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Structural Existential Analysis (SEA) is a systematic research method for exploring personal worldviews and states of mind, grounded in the philosophies of existential thinkers and phenomenologists. It employs a phenomenological approach to understand client experiences, acknowledging biases and assumptions through various reduction techniques. SEA encompasses multiple dimensions of human existence: physical, social, personal, and spiritual, focusing on understanding complex emotional and relational dynamics.
Structural existential analysis slides
- 1. EMMY VAN DEURZEN Diagrams for Structural Existential Analysis (SEA) Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 2. WHAT IS SEA? *Structural Existential Analysis is a method for research and for systematically tracking of clients’ or personal worldview, state of mind, way of being and current position in the world. *It is based on the work of many existential thinkers, including the following: Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 3. EXISTENTIAL PHILOSOPHERS Philosophers of Freedom Phenomeno- logists Existentialists Post- Structuralists Existential- Humanists Sðren Kierkegaard 1813-1855 Franz Brentano 1838-1917 Jean Paul Sartre 1905-1980 Michel Foucault 1926-1984 Martin Buber 1878-1965 Friedrich Nietzsche 1844-1900 Edmund Husserl 1859-1938 Maurice Merleau Ponty 1908-1961 Emmanuel Levinas 1905-1995 Paul Tillich 1886-1965 Arthur Schopenhauer 1788-1860 Karl Jaspers 1883-1969 Simone de Beauvoir 1908-1986 Paul Ricoeur 1913-2005 Rollo May 1909-1994 Fyodor Dostoyevski 1821-1881 Martin Heidegger 1889-1976 Gabriel Marcel 1889-1973 Jacques Lacan 1901-1981 Hannah Arendt 1906-1975 Karl Marx 1818-1883 Max Scheler 1874-1928 Albert Camus 1913-1960 Jacques Derrida 1930-2004 Abraham Maslow 1908-1970 Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 4. SEA Methods in practice Many existential practitioners have sought to establish systematic ways of understanding clients’ predicaments in a structural and systematic way, including the following:
- 5. Existential Practitioners Early psychiatrists Humanistic psychologists British alternative Recent Americans Recent British Ludwig Binswanger 1881-1966 Paul Tillich 1886-1965 George Kelly 1905-1967 James Bugental 1915-2008 Hans Cohn 1916-2004 Karl Jaspers 1883-1969 Carl Rogers 1902-1987 Aaron Esterson 1923-1999 Thomas Szasz 1920-2012 Freddie Strasser 1924-2008 Eugene Minkowski 1885-1972 Rollo May 1909-1994 Ronald Laing 1927-1989 Irvin Yalom 1931- Ernesto Spinelli 1949- Medard Boss 1904-1990 Viktor Frankl 1905-1997 David Cooper 1931-1986 Kirk Schneider 1956- Emmy van Deurzen 1951-Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 6. ORIGIN OF THE METHOD: HUSSERL’S PHENOMENOLOGY It was Edmund Husserl who devised an alternative to the positivistic stance of established scientific methods and who showed how phenomenology was a more appropriate scientific method to systematically and accurately observe and record evidence in the human sciences. Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 7. Edmund Husserl 1859-1938 • Phenomenology • Wesenschau: to things themselves. • Intentionality (Franz Brentano). • Intuition:question natural attitude. • Knowledge begins with experience. • Bracketing assumptions. Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 8. Assumptions and prejudice • We are always making sense of the world, we can never be free of our assumptions. • In order to get a more accurate picture of the world, we need to understand how we make sense of it. • By attending – just noticing, describing – not explaining, and not pre-judging, we can get a better idea of our assumptions. • A phenomenological research project is a disciplined investigation into reality as it is experienced. Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 9. The Phenomenological Method consists of several reductions I. Phenomenological reduction • In relation to the Noesis or cogitatio: the process of consciousness II. Eidetic reduction • In relation to the Noema or cogitationes: the objects of consciousness III. Transcendental reduction • In relation to the Cogito or Nous: the subject of consciousnessCopyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 10. Intentionality is the basis of phenomenological understanding: consciousness requires a subject, a process and an object. We cannot understand anything without these three linked elements. But we can understand each in their own right, separately to take awareness of our intentionality in a systematic way. • Cogito(subject):transcendental reduction • Noesis, cogitatio (process):phenomenological reduction • Noema cogitationes (object):eidetic reduction Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 11. When interviewing as part of therapy or research Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019. • We apply the three reductions systematically to our interaction and our observations of this interaction, in order to set aside prejudice, presumptions and bias. • We take care to be observant of bias in both ourselves and others and to bracket it.
- 12. I. Phenomenological reduction 1. Noesis, cogitatio or process of intentionality. 2. Epoche: suspend your assumptions about what is happening. 3. Description: invite narrative instead of explanation or interpretation . 4. Horizontalization: be aware of the limit and context of our observations. 5. Equalization: initially accord equal importance to everything in sight. 6. Verification: don’t jump to conclusions but check again and again that you are processing things correctly. Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 13. II. Eidetic Reduction 1. Noema, cogitationes: this is about the object of our observation. 2. Abschattungen: each object comes to us in various profiles, various adumbrations, facets or aspects. We need to check we are not eliminating or ignoring some. 3. Wesenschau: we look for essences directly: aiming to grasp what is really the case, rather than how it seems. 4. Genetic constitution (vs. static): bear in mind everything is in movement and changes dynamically: we only really know something when we see it changing. 5. Universals beyond the properties: ultimately we seek to unite all aspects to come together in an infinite manner. Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 14. III. Transcendental reduction – 1. Cogito or nous: this is the thinking self, the subject of intentionality. – 2. Transcendental ego: we seek to go beyond the personal ego towards a pure observing ego. – 3. Solipsism overcome: this unites us as we go beyond ourselves and connect in intersubjectivity. – 4. Horizon of intentionality: but there is still a limit to what we can see from where we stand: know this limit. – 5. Self as point zero: be aware your vision always comes from the centre of your own world. – 4. Transcendental inter-subjectivity: seek to connect your perceptions with those of others: interactive checking of truth. Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 15. Work with bias is the essence of phenomenological observation. ∀ Become aware of bias in lots of shapes and forms: Personal outlook, Assumptions, Beliefs, Prejudice, Blind spots. Both in yourself as researcher and in co-researchers. Bias is your edge: use it! Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 16. JOHARI WINDOW KNOWN TO SELF NOT KNOWN TO SELF KNOWN TO OTHERS OPEN BLIND NOT KNOWN TO OTHERS HIDDEN UNKNOWN Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
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- 18. Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 19. A structural existential analysis uses the phenomenological method to consider: • The structure of the world in space, using the four dimensions: physical, social, personal and spiritual: four worlds model • The structure of time: past, present, future and eternity: dialectic of time • The structure of intentionality, movement, emotions and values: emotional compass • The structure of beliefs and worldviews: life diagram Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
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- 21. Four relational layers Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 22. Four dimensions of life. 1.Physical: Umwelt 2.Social: Mitwelt 3.Personal: Eigenwelt 4.Spiritual: Uberwelt Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 23. Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 24. Spiritual: Integrate what has happened in world view Improve rather than give up values, beliefs, purpose, meaning. Stick with what is true but transcend values. Personal: Allow the event to strengthen your character Express thoughts and memories. Regain a sense of freedom in relation to adversity. Learn to yield as well as to be resolute. Social: Seek to go beyond hateful and destructive relations by isolation and avoidance till Reconciliation is possible. Seek belonging with like minded allies. Communicate your emotions without reproach, resentment, bitterness. Physical: Seek safety when under threat. Trust and heed sensations of stress. Find natural environment that can soothe as well as expand your horizons. Living with conflict and trauma Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 25. Spiritual Good<>Evil Personal Identity<>Freedom Personal Identity<>Freedom Social Love<>Hate Social Love<>Hate Physical Life<>Death Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 26. Desires Fears Physical Life pleasure Death pain Social Love belonging Hate isolation Personal Identity integrity Freedom disintegration Spiritual Good purpose Evil futility Dimensions of Human Existence with their inevitable paradoxes, tensions and dilemmas. Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 27. DESIRES FEARS VALUES PHYSICAL life death vitality SOCIAL love hate reciprocity PERSONAL identity freedom integrity SPIRITUAL good evil transparency Human values are rediscovered when both sides of each polarity are respected. Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 28. Umwelt Mitwelt Eigenwelt Uberwelt Physical survival Nature Things Body Cosmos Social affiliation Public Others Ego Culture Personal identity Private Me Self Consciousness Spiritual meaning Infinite Ideas Spirit Conscience Different dimensions of the four spheres of existence: human beings relate on all 16 dimensions but tend to get caught up in some and forget about others. Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 29. Overview of conflicts, challenges and paradoxes on four dimensions World Umwelt Mitwelt Eigenwelt Uberwelt Physical Nature: Life/ Death Things: Pleasure/ Pain Body: Health/ Illness Cosmos: Harmony/ Chaos Social Society: Love/ Hate Others: Dominance/Su bmission Ego: Acceptance/ Rejection Culture: Belonging/ Isolation Personal Person: Identity/Freedo m Me: Perfection/ Imperfection Self: Integrity/ Disintegration Consciousness: Confidence/ Confusion Spiritual: Infinite: Good/ Evil Ideas: Truth/ Untruth Spirit: Meaning/ Futility Conscience: Right/ Wrong Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 30. World Umwelt Mitwelt Eigenwelt Uberwelt Physical Nature: Earth, Climate, weather, seasons, animals, plants, shelter, hygiene, sleep, competence in facing a range of dangers. Materiality, birth and death. Sensory experience Things: Care for objects, Crafts, technology, arts, bodily skills in handling instruments, objects, creativity, productivity Body: Self-care, movement, comfort seeking, toughening, strength, appearance, sexuality, health, food, drink, elimination, hygiene, sleep. Body sculpting Cosmos: Connectivity, patterns, solar system, universe, death and birth, creation myth, afterlife myth Understanding place in universe; deal with what is the case, in the present. Now. Social Society: Human world. Public demands of individual, laws, rules, regulations, administration, order, duties, responsibility, abilities of communication and language. Others: Respect, care of others, love and hate, dominance/submission, competition, rivalry, collaboration, mutuality, generosity. Emotion. Space. Ego: Strength of self presentation and representation, having a voice, achieving something for self and others, assertion Culture: Past traditions established by others, personal contribution to culture, memes, things valued by the group, belonging. Deal with what humanity has established in the past. History. Personal Person: Private world, Personal sphere or hiding place of safety, intimate reality, sanctuary. Home. Managing aloneness and autonomy Me: Feeling of mineness and authentic right to exist, a sense of inner reality, individuality and anxiety Self: Authentic being, personality, character, selfhood, mastering strengths and weakness Thought, memory, imagination Consciousness: Awareness, intentionality, mindfulness, capacity for contemplation and understanding and knowing. Sciences, Deal with what it is possible to imagine and create. Future Spiritual: Infinite: Ultimate reality, the principles Defining reality, ideology, the divine, the unsayable. Making sense of the world Ideas: The meanings and values we attribute to life and the world, concepts, beliefs, principles to live by. Capacity for doubt. Spirit: The spark of vitality or life energy, the core where we breathe: connection with all that is. Our essence or soul, that what matters Conscience: Capacity of deciding, making meaning, by distinguishing between good and bad, right and wrong, transcending ourselves, transformation. Contemplation. Creativity, Options, Freedom.Time Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 31. Dimension Positive Purpose Negative Concern Minimal Goal Optimal Value Physical: Health Illness Fitness Vitality Pleasure Pain Safety Well Being Strength Weakness Efficacy Ability Life Death Survival Existence Social Success Failure Skill Contribution Belonging Isolation Kinship Loyalty Acceptance Rejection Recognition Cooperation Love Hate Respect Reciprocity Personal Identity Confusion Individuality Integrity Perfection Imperfection Achievement Excellence Independence Dependency Autonomy Liberty Confidence Doubt Poise Clarity Spiritual Good Evil Responsibility Transparency Truth Untruth Reality Authenticity Meaning Absurdity Sense Value Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 32. Observe and register how words, narratives, attitude, emotion and conduct express: • State of mind, sensation, emotion, thought, intuition • By using the Compass of emotions. • Register where the person is and where they are moving • What is the purpose they are after or moving away from? Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 33. Four kinds of emotions Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 34. Threat to value: pride, jealousy, anger Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 35. Loss of value (despair, fear, sorrow): Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 36. Aspire to value: desire, envy, shame Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 37. Gain value: hope, love, joy Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 38. 1:Pride-confidence-arrogance1:Pride-confidence-arrogance 2:Jealousy-worry-vigilance2:Jealousy-worry-vigilance 3:Anger-hate-despair3:Anger-hate-despair 4:Fear-confusion-cowardice4:Fear-confusion-cowardice 5:Sorrow-misery-resignation5:Sorrow-misery-resignationShame-emptiness-guilt:7Shame-emptiness-guilt:7 Envy-curiosity-aspiration:8Envy-curiosity-aspiration:8 Hope-desire-resolve:9Hope-desire-resolve:9 Love-courage-commitment:10Love-courage-commitment:10 Joy-thrill-excitement:11Joy-thrill-excitement:11 6. Low/ Release6. Low/ Release DespondencyDespondency DepressionDepression ExhilarationExhilaration HappinessHappiness 12:High/12:High/ TensionTension UpUp gaingain DownDown lossloss Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 41. CareCare JealousyJealousy AngerAnger FearFear RejectionRejectionShameShame EnvyEnvy ApprovalApproval LoveLove AcceptanceAcceptance IsolationIsolation SeparatenessSeparateness BelongingBelonging OnenessOneness EngagementEngagement DisengagementDisengagement Compass of Social Feeling Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 42. SuperioritySuperiority StubbornnessStubbornness DefianceDefiance DeflationDeflation HumiliationHumiliationInferiorityInferiority AnxietyAnxiety CourageCourage CommitmentCommitment ConfidenceConfidence ImperfectionImperfection WeaknessWeakness PerfectionPerfection StrengthStrength SuccessSuccess FailureFailure Compass of Personal Thinking Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 43. PridePride PrudencePrudence WrathWrath ResignationResignation DisillusionmentDisillusionmentGuiltGuilt AspirationAspiration HopeHope ResolutenessResoluteness BlissBliss FutilityFutility AbsurdityAbsurdity MeaningMeaning PurposePurpose GoodGood EvilEvil Compass of Spiritual Intuition Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 44. Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 45. Minkowski’s idea of time Present Remote Past Mediate Past Immediate Past Immediate Future Mediate Future Remote Future Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 46. Time Zones • Present: zone of activity, which includes all the other zones of time • Remote past: zone of the obsolete and of history, including one’s own life myths • Mediate past: zone of loss and regret • Immediate past: zone of remorse or grief • Immediate future: zone of expectation • Mediate future: zone of wish and hope or dread and anxiety. • Remote future: zone of prayer and ethical action and also of ultimate meaning of life. Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 47. Heidegger’s time: historicality: the ec-stasies • 1. in the Past: as having been: forgetting or regretting Gewesenheit but also: recollection, repetition. No longer • 2. In the Present: as being: waiting, rushing Gegenwart, Dasein/Being-with/ Sorge • 3. In the Future: as going toward, longing or dreading Zukunft but also: anticipation and possibility, Being toward Death. Not yet. • 4. In Temporality: as Being eternal or infinite Zeit und Sein/ Ereignis. Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.
- 48. Dialectic of time Deurzen and Arnold-Baker 2018 @Emmy van Deurzen 2019
- 49. Difficulties on four dimensions physicalphysical socialsocial personalpersonal spiritualspiritual DeficitDeficit DifferenceDifference DilemmaDilemma DisorientationDisorientation DiseaseDisease DiscordDiscord DeceptionDeception (self)(self) DelusionDelusion DesireDesire DominanceDominance DisappointmentDisappointment DoubtDoubt DependenceDependence DishonestyDishonesty DreadDread DebtDebt Dis-Dis- embodimentembodiment Dis-Dis- engagementengagement DespondencyDespondency DissolutionDissolution DeathDeath DestructionDestruction DistressDistress DespairDespair Copyright: Emmy van Deurzen, 2019.