Structure in C

STRUCTURESTRUCTURE in CC
programming…
Group : ASTUTE
Soummo Supriya : 151-15-4741
T.M. Ashikur Rahman : 151-15-4971
Md. Fazle Rabbi Ador : 151-15-5482
Tasnuva Tabassum Oshin : 151-15-4673
Masumer Rahman : 151-15-5040

Introduction
• Md. Fazle Rabbi adoR
• 151-15-5482

Structure
• A structure is a collection of variables of
different data types under a single name.
• The variables are called members of the
structure.
• The structure is also called a user-defined
data type.
3

Defining a Structure
• Syntax:
struct structure_name
{
data_type member_variable1;
data_type member_variable2;
………………………………;
data_type member_variableN;
};
Note: The members of a structure do not occupy
memory until they are associated with a
structure_variable.
4

struct student
{
char name[20];
int roll_no;
float marks;
char gender;
long int phone_no;
};
•Multiple variables of struct student type can be
declared as:
struct student st1, st2, st3; 5
Example

Defining a structure…Defining a structure…
• Each variable of structure has its own
copy of member variables.
• The member variables are accessed using
the dot (.) operator or member operator.
• For example: st1.name is member
variable name of st1 structure variable
while st3.gender is member variable
gender of st3 structure variable.
6

struct student
{
char name[20];
int ID;
float CSE_marks;
char gender;
long int phone_no;
};
void main()
{
struct student st1={"Ishtiaque",5482,13.5,'M',16021548};
struct student st2={"Oshin",4288,15,'F',19845321};
printf ("Name: %s ID: %d CSE Marks: %.1f Gender: %c Phn: %d
n",st1.name,st1.ID,st1.CSE_marks,st1.gender,st1.phone_no);
printf ("Name: %s ID: %d CSE Marks: %.1f Gender: %c Phn: %d
n",st2.name,st2.ID,st2.CSE_marks,st2.gender,st2.phone_no);
}
7

Pointers to structurePointers to structure
A pointer is a memory address.
You can define pointers to
structures in very similar way as
you define pointer to any other
variable
Prepared By Soummo Spriya
151-15-4741

• Referencing pointer to
another address to access
memory
• Using dynamic memory
allocation
Structure's member through
pointer can be used in two ways:

““Structure within anotherStructure within another
StructureStructure
(Nested Structure)”(Nested Structure)”
Md.Masumer Rahman
Id: 151-15-5040

What is Nested Structure
• Nested structure in C is nothing but structure within
structure. One structure can be declared inside other
structure as we declare structure members inside a
structure. The structure variables can be a normal
structure variable or a pointer variable to access the
data.
• Nested Structures are allowed in C Programming
Language.
• We can write one Structure inside another structure
as member of another structure.

Let’s see the structure declaration below,

Way 1: Declare two separate structures
struct date
{
int date;
int month;
int year;
};
struct Employee
{
char ename[20];
int ssn;
float salary;
struct date doj;
}
emp1;

Way 2 : Declare Embedded structures
struct Employee
{
char ename[20];
int ssn;
float salary;
struct date
{
int date;
int month;
int year;
}
doj;
}
emp1;

Function and Structure
Name: T.m.
ashikur rahmaN
id: 151-15-4971

Function and Structure
We will consider four cases
here:
Passing the individual member to
functions
 Passing whole structure to functions
Passing structure pointer to functions
Passing array of structure to functions

Passing the individual member to
functions
 Structure members can be
passed to functions as actual
arguments in function call
like ordinary variables.

PASSING WHOLE STRUCTURE TO
FUNCTIONS
 Whole structure can be passed to a function
by the syntax:
function _ name ( structure _ variable _
name );
 The called function has the form:
return _ type function _ name (struct tag _ name
structure _ variable _ name)
{
…………;
}

Passing structure pointer to
functions
 In this case, address of structure
variable is passed as an actual argument
to a function.
The corresponding formal argument must
be a structure type pointer variable.

Passing array of structure to function
 Passing an array of structure type to a
function is similar to passing an array of
any type to a function.
 That is, the name of the array of
structure is passed by the calling function
which is the base address of the array of
structure.
 Note: The function prototype comes after
the structure definition.

Arrays of structuresArrays of structures
• Tasnuva Tabassum Oshin
• 151-15-4673

Arrays of structures
• An ordinary array: One type of data
• An array of structs: Multiple types of data
in each array element.
0 1 2 … 98 99
0 1 2 … 98 99

Arrays of structures
• We often use arrays of structures.
• Example:
StudentRecord Class[100];
strcpy(Class[98].Name, “bangladeshi man");
Class[98].Id = 12345;
strcpy(Class[98].Dept, "COMP");
Class[98].gender = 'M';
Class[0] = Class[98]; Bangladeshi man
12345 M
COMP
. . .
0 1 2 … 98 99

Arrays inside structures
• We can use arrays inside structures.
• Example:
struct square{
point vertex[4];
};
square Sq;
• Assign values to Sq using the given square
x y x y x y x y
(4, 3) (10, 3)
(4, 1) (10, 1)

Structure in C

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Structure in C