summarize system analysis and design ch2
- 1. Summarize of chapter 2 ===================================================================== Organizations are subsystems Organizational environments : Community environment: Physical location Population Education Average income. Economic environment: Market factors competition. Political environment: State Local government ===================================================================== Systems are described as either: Open: Free information (Art department) Closed: restricted access to information (defense department) ===================================================================== Virtual organization: parts of the organization in different physical locations (uses computer networks and communicational technology). Advantages of a virtual organization : Reduced costs Rapid response Flexibility. ===================================================================== Context-level data flow diagram (DFD) : Tools for: showing data, overview of environment sittings. Interrelat edInterdependent
- 2. Context -level DFD symbols are: Entity ( person , group , department ) Process ( represent the entire system) Data flow ( information that passes to and from the process , Noun ) ===================================================================== Entity relationship diagram (ER diagram): Helps the analyst understand the system. Types of Relationships: Many to many One to one. One to many. Steps used to create E-R diagrams: List the entities. Choose key entities to narrow the scope of the problem. Identify the primary key. Confirm the results. ===================================================================== The three levels of managerial control are: Operations management. Middle management Strategic management. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Operations Management Make decisions using predetermined rules. Oversee the operating details. Dependent on internal information. Middle Management Make short-term planning Decisions may be partly operational and partly strategic. Decisions are dependent on internal information (historical)
- 3. Strategic Management Look outward to the future Guide middle and operations managers. Define the organization as a whole. Make one-time decisions ===================================================================== Each of the three levels of managements has: Leadership style Different organization structure. Organization culture Technological considerations. ==================================================================