Summarizing for the 21st Century
5 likes2,337 views
The document discusses summarizing as both a reading and thinking skill, highlighting its importance in the context of modern education and the challenges posed by new media. It outlines necessary techniques for effective summarizing at various educational levels and emphasizes the need for students to develop critical thinking skills to identify bias and synthesize information. The content also aligns summarizing expectations with the Common Core standards, which gradually increase in complexity as students progress through grades.
Summarizing for the 21st Century
- 1. Summarizing for the 21 st Century Emily Kissner Adapted from a presentation for the South Central Reading Council Keystone State Reading Association
- 2. Contents What is summarizing? New challenges of summarizing Summarizing and the Common Core
- 3. Contents What is summarizing? New challenges of summarizing Summarizing and the Common Core
- 4. Summarizing: Two Views Narrow view Summarizing is a reading skill A summary is a shortened, written form of a text or a portion of a text Broad view Summarizing is a thinking skill Any activity that causes learners to reorganize, explain, retell, or consolidate ideas can be called summarizing
- 5. Summarizing: Two Views Summarizing, then, can be either producing the written text, or using the kinds of thinking that would lead to the written text Each of these informs the other—as students consolidate ideas to do what Learning Focused Schools calls “distributed summarizing”, they are also building the skills they need to write a formal summary
- 6. Rules for Summarizing In order to write a successful summary, readers need to : Include important ideas in the general order in which they appear in the text Eliminate trivial details and repeated ideas Collapse lists Use key vocabulary from the text Put ideas into their own words
- 7. Leading up to summarizing Primary grades: Retelling fiction and nonfiction Putting ideas into own words Identifying key words and ideas from the text Intermediate grades: Making the distinction between retelling and summarizing Choosing the best summary Finding topics and main ideas Writing summaries
- 8. Summarizing in the Classroom Try to summarize a text that your students are reading What is easy? What’s difficult? What might your learners make of this?
- 9. Summarizing in the Classroom Difficulties of summarizing -Academic language and structure -Putting ideas into your own words -Selecting the important information
- 10. Summarizing in the Classroom These difficulties are compounded when students are asked to summarize poorly written or incoherent text…which, as we all know, is all too common in workbooks and test prep pages
- 11. Summarizing in the Classroom But…up until about 10 years ago, these were about the biggest issues with teaching summarizing
- 12. New challenges of summarizing Web 2.0 and new media
- 13. New challenges of summarizing More information is available to students than ever before
- 14. New challenges of summarizing Students need to use the broader thinking skill of summarizing as they explore, sift through, and synthesize new ideas
- 15. New challenges of summarizing New texts are often organized differently from older texts—for example, blogs are arranged in reverse chronological order, with the most recent posts first
- 16. New challenges of summarizing Students also need to learn how to watch for pseudo-summaries—texts that claim to summarize an article or event, but are filled with bias, poorly written, or created only to increase “hits” or traffic on the page
- 17. New challenges of summarizing Reading social media sites often requires a reader to make inferences quickly, and then summarize based on those inferences
- 18. New challenges of summarizing Many a Facebook argument has grown from poor summarizing!
- 19. Summarizing: What we can do Help students to find the source of the information Often, our classroom texts are generic texts. We need to share texts with clear viewpoints and know the authors of our texts. Teach students to identify bias Bias does not equal bad! However, students need to look for bias and read accordingly
- 20. What you can do Share examples of appropriate Web 2.0 in your classrooms http://milkweedpods.blogspot.com Model how you can summarize digital texts Even school emails can be fun to summarize! Incorporate many activities in the broader view of summarizing—summarizing “on the fly”
- 21. What you can do Share good and bad summaries of texts This has always been a good technique Now, though, it’s more important than ever Be sure to include bias, both overt and subtle, in your bad summaries For older students, add the wrinkle of formal versus informal language in summaries
- 22. Summarizing and the Common Core
- 23. Reading Standards Reading standards are split up according to: Reading Literature (RL) Reading Informational Text (RI) Foundations of Reading (K-5 only)
- 24. Summarizing and the Common Core Informational Text (RI 2) Grade 2 : Identify the main topic of a multi-paragraph text as well as the focus of specific paragraphs within the text. Grade 3 : Determine the main idea of a text; recount the key details and explain how they support the main idea. Grade 4: Determine the main idea of a text and explain how it is supported by key details; summarize the text.
- 25. Summarizing and the Common Core Informational Text Grade 5 : Determine two or more main ideas of a text and explain how they are supported by key details; summarize the text Grade 6 : Determine a central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details; provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments. Grade 7 : Determine two or more central ideas in a text and analyze their development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary of the text.
- 26. Summarizing and the Common Core Informational Text Grade 8 : Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text. Grade 9-10: Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text. Grade 11-12 : Determine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to provide a complex analysis; provide an objective summary of the text.
- 27. Summarizing and the Common Core What’s interesting? -For both literature and informational text, a formal written summary is first required at grade 4 -Notice how the requirements for summarizing deepen and expand as students grow older
- 28. Summarizing and the Common Core The Big Message : Even with the Common Core changes, summarizing as a tested skill will not be going away any time soon
- 29. Where are we? Summarizing for 21 st Century Learners Look at new digital texts Practice summarizing different formats Look for bias Identify good and bad summaries Summarizing for the Common Core Formal written summaries are expected at grade 4 Students will need to continue summarizing both literature and informational text Emphasize integrating information and understanding viewpoints
- 30. Where are we? Activities that require kids to think beyond the text, put ideas together, and judge important ideas will help students to meet the demands of 21 st Century summarizing