Summary of topic 5.3
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This document discusses approaches to pollution management, including: 1) Education and regulation strategies like preventing pollution through renewable resources and recycling or requiring pollutant removal. 2) Cleaning up pollution through efforts like oil spill cleanup which are expensive and labor-intensive. 3) Integrating multiple strategies like education, regulation, and cleanup for comprehensive management.
Summary of topic 5.3
- 1. Topic 5 Pollution Management 5.3 Approaches to pollution management
- 2. Causes of Pollution • Non-anthropogenic – Volcanic activity • Anthropogenic – Agricultural runoff – Industrial effluents and solid wastes – Sewage effluent – Combustion of fossil fuels – Landfill leachates – Pesticides
- 3. Pollution Management Strategies • Education and changing attitudes – e.g. Prevention of pollution through increased use of renewable resources and recycling • Regulation – e.g. Government or regulatory bodies may require removal of pollutants at the source of emission – desulphurisation of flue gases at power stations • Cleaning up – e.g. Cleaning of coastline and animals after oil spills – Expensive, time-consuming and labour intensive • Integration of policies – A combination of all of the above approaches
- 5. Human Factors • The choice of pollution management strategy depends on other factors such as: – Economic resources – Cultural values – Political systems http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wT-zABFlrE0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9VEj-cmb6w
- 6. Case Study: DDT • • • • • • • • • Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane An organochlorine insecticide Very non-polar Similar in structure to oestrogen and therefore has ´feminising’ effects on animals In birds it weakens egg shells so that the parents break them as they try to incubate the eggs The birds at highest risk are those close to the top of the food chain It was banned in most developed countries in the 1970s and 1980s It is now known to cause birth defects, damage to the nervous system and cancers It is still used in many poorer countries to control insect problems – why? http://edroness.blogspot.mx/2013/10/biomagnification.html http://edroness.blogspot.mx/2013/10/the-story-of-ddt.html
- 7. ‘Silent Spring’ • Silent Spring is a book first published in 1962 by marine biologist Rachel Carson • It was largely about the effects on top predator bird populations (such as eagles) which she claimed were being affected by the indiscriminate use of DDT • It was so influential she effectively kick-started the modern environmental movement
- 8. Questions 1. Outline 3 possible strategies for reducing pollution 2. Outline human factors that affect pollution management 3. Describe the variations in the concentration of DDT at different levels in the food chain 4. Outline the main uses and the risks of using DDT as an insecticide