Supercomputer @ manarat university by reza
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This document summarizes information about supercomputers, including their history, uses, challenges, and top models. It notes that supercomputers can perform specialized calculations like weather forecasting and nuclear testing simulations. The earliest supercomputers date to the 1940s, while modern ones like Sunway Taihulight in China can perform trillions of calculations per second. Supercomputers run optimized operating systems and require complex cooling. The document lists the top 5 supercomputers as of 2018 and notes Bangladesh's plans to acquire a supercomputer to help with flood prediction and data analysis.
![Top 5 Supercomputers
1: Sunway Taihulight
[CHINA]For the fourth time in a row, Sunway Taihulight
leads the twice-yearly Top500 list of the world’s
most powerful supercomputers.
Built at China’s National Supercomputing Center in
Wuxi, Sunway first appeared on the list in June
2016.It has no accelerator chips, relying instead on
40,960 Sunway 26010 processors. Each has 260
cores.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/supercomputer-181125124010/85/Supercomputer-manarat-university-by-reza-13-320.jpg)
![3: Piz Daint [SWITZERLAND]
• Piz Daint has been climbing up the Top500
supercomputer list since November 2012,
when it took 114th place with its 1,504 Intel
Xeon E5-2670 processors.
• Since then its owner, the Swiss National
Supercomputing Center, and manufacturer
Cray have performed a number of upgrades.
After six months they tripled the number of
processors, catapulting Piz Daint to 42nd
place, and then after another six months
added Nvidia K20x accelerators, boosting it
to sixth place.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/supercomputer-181125124010/85/Supercomputer-manarat-university-by-reza-15-320.jpg)
![4: Gyoukou [JAPAN]
• Gyoukou is owned by the Japan Agency
for Marine-Earth Science and Technology.
It’s the successor to a supercomputer
called Earth Simulator and first entered
the Top500 list in 69th place in June 2017.
• Built around 1,250 Intel Xeon 16-core
processors with an Infiniband EDR
interconnect, Gyoukou derives most of its
power from the 19,840,000 cores in its
Pezy-SC2 accelerators.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/supercomputer-181125124010/85/Supercomputer-manarat-university-by-reza-16-320.jpg)
![5: Titan [U.S.A]
• Titan was the computer that toppled Sequoia from
the top of the charts when it entered the Top500
list in November 2012 but had slid to 5th place by
November 2017.
• It’s the most powerful of the U.S. Department of
Energy’s computers and is sited at Oak Ridge
National Laboratory.
• Like Cori and Trinity, it is made by Cray — but
unlike them, it uses Advanced Micro Devices’ 16-
core Opteron 6274 chips with Nvidia Tesla
accelerators. It has a total of 560,640 cores,
delivering the maximum sustained performance of
17.59 petaflops and peak performance of 27.11
petaflops.
• When it comes to power efficiency, the 2012
Opteron-Tesla combination is on a par with IBM’s
2012 Power BQCs, delivering 2.143 gigaflops per
watt.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/supercomputer-181125124010/85/Supercomputer-manarat-university-by-reza-17-320.jpg)
Supercomputer @ manarat university by reza
- 1. Super Computer Submitted By: Nazmussakib Reza ID: 1711EEE00136 Submitted To: Sayeed Islam
- 2. Overview • Definition • History of Supercomputer • Uses of Supercomputer • Supercomputer challenges • Operating system of Supercomputer • Processing speed • Top 10 Supercomputer • Supercomputer in Bangladesh
- 3. Definition • A supercomputer is the fastest type of computer. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require large amounts of mathematical calculations.
- 4. History • 1946: John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert construct ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) at the University of Pennsylvania. • 1956: IBM develops the Stretch supercomputer for Los Alamos National Laboratory. It remains the world's fastest computer until 1964. • 1957: Seymour Cray co-founds Control Data • Corporation (CDC) and pioneers fast. • 1976: First Cray-1 supercomputer is installed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. It manages a speed of about 160 MFLOPS
- 5. • 1989: Seymour Cray starts a new company, Cray • Computer, where he develops the Cray-3 and Cray-4. • 1993: Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel becomes the • world's fastest computer using 166 vector processors. • 1997: ASCI Red, a supercomputer made from Pentium processors by Intel and Sandia National Laboratories, becomes the world's first teraflop (TFLOP) supercomputer. • 2008: The Jaguar supercomputer built by Cray Research and Oak Ridge National Laboratory becomes the world's first petaflop (PFLOP) scientific supercomputer. Briefly the world's fastest computer, it is soon superseded by machines from Japan and China.
- 6. Uses of Supercomputers • Supercomputers are used for highly calculation- intensive tasks such as problems involving quantum mechanical physics, weather forecasting, climate research, molecular modeling, physical simulations, Major universities, military agencies and scientific research laboratories depend on and make use of supercomputers very heavily. Some Common Uses more of Supercomputers in industry. • 1)Predicting climate change • 2)Testing nuclear weapons • 3)Recreating the Big Bang • 4)Forecasting hurricanes
- 7. Predicting climate change: • The challenge of predicting global climate • is immense. There are hundreds of variables, from the reflectivity of the earth's surface(high for icy spots, low for dark forests) to the vagaries of ocean currents. • Dealing with these variables requires supercomputing capabilities. Testing nuclear weapons •The Stockpile Stewardship program uses non-nuclear lab tests and, yes, computer simulations to ensure that the country's cache of nuclear weapons are functional •and safe. In 2012, IBM plans to unveil a new supercomputer Sequoia, at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. • According to IBM, Sequoia will be a 20 petaflop machine, meaning it will be capable of performing twenty thousand trillion calculations each second.
- 8. Recreating the Big Bang • The Big Bang Researchers at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at the University of Texas in Austin have also used supercomputers to • simulate the formation of the first galaxy, while scientists at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Mountain View, Calif., have simulated the creation of stars from cosmic dust and gas. • The "Big Bang," or the initial expansion of all energy and matter in the universe, happened more than 13 billion years ago in trillion-degree Celsius temperatures, but supercomputer simulations make it possible to observe what went on during the universe's birth.
- 9. Forecasting hurricanes • This supercomputer, with its cowboy moniker and 579 trillion calculations per second processing power, resides at the • TACC in Austin, Texas. Using data directly from National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency airplanes, Ranger calculated likely paths for the storm. According to a TACC report, Ranger improved the five-day hurricane forecast by 15 percent.
- 10. Supercomputer challenges • A supercomputer generates large amounts of heat and • therefore must be cooled with complex cooling systems. • Another issue is the speed at which information can be transferred or written to a storage device, as the speed of data transfer will limit the supercomputer's performance. • Supercomputers consume and produce massive amounts of data in a very short period of time. Much work on external storage bandwidth is needed to ensure that this information can be transferred quickly and stored/retrieved correctly.
- 11. Operating system of Supercomputer • Most supercomputers run on a Linux or Unix operating system, as these operating systems are extremely flexible, stable, and efficient. Supercomputers typically have multiple processors and a variety of other technological tricks to ensure that they run smoothly.
- 12. Processing Speeds • Supercomputer computational power is rated in FLOPS • (Floating Point Operations Per Second). • The first commercially available supercomputers reached speeds of 10 to 100 million FLOPS. The next generation of supercomputers is predicted to break the petaflop level. • This would represent computing power more than 1,000 times faster than a teraflop machine. • A relatively old supercomputer such as the Cray C90(1990s) has a processing speed of only 8 gigaflops. It can solve a problem, which takes a personal computer a few hours, in • .002 seconds.
- 13. Top 5 Supercomputers 1: Sunway Taihulight [CHINA]For the fourth time in a row, Sunway Taihulight leads the twice-yearly Top500 list of the world’s most powerful supercomputers. Built at China’s National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, Sunway first appeared on the list in June 2016.It has no accelerator chips, relying instead on 40,960 Sunway 26010 processors. Each has 260 cores.
- 14. 2. Tianhe-2 National Supercomputing Center in Guangzhou , China,2013. • Manufacture: NUDT • Cores: 3,120,000 cores • Power: 17.6 megawatts • Interconnect: Custom • Operating System : Kylie Linux • Tianhe –Specification: • There are a total of 3,120,000 Intel cores and 1.404 petabytes of RAM, making Tianhe-2 by far the largest installation of Intel CPUs in the world.Each compute node has a total of 88GB of RAM. • Total having 125 cabinets housing 16,000 compute nodes each of which contains two Intel Xeon (Ivy Bridge) CPUs
- 15. 3: Piz Daint [SWITZERLAND] • Piz Daint has been climbing up the Top500 supercomputer list since November 2012, when it took 114th place with its 1,504 Intel Xeon E5-2670 processors. • Since then its owner, the Swiss National Supercomputing Center, and manufacturer Cray have performed a number of upgrades. After six months they tripled the number of processors, catapulting Piz Daint to 42nd place, and then after another six months added Nvidia K20x accelerators, boosting it to sixth place.
- 16. 4: Gyoukou [JAPAN] • Gyoukou is owned by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology. It’s the successor to a supercomputer called Earth Simulator and first entered the Top500 list in 69th place in June 2017. • Built around 1,250 Intel Xeon 16-core processors with an Infiniband EDR interconnect, Gyoukou derives most of its power from the 19,840,000 cores in its Pezy-SC2 accelerators.
- 17. 5: Titan [U.S.A] • Titan was the computer that toppled Sequoia from the top of the charts when it entered the Top500 list in November 2012 but had slid to 5th place by November 2017. • It’s the most powerful of the U.S. Department of Energy’s computers and is sited at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. • Like Cori and Trinity, it is made by Cray — but unlike them, it uses Advanced Micro Devices’ 16- core Opteron 6274 chips with Nvidia Tesla accelerators. It has a total of 560,640 cores, delivering the maximum sustained performance of 17.59 petaflops and peak performance of 27.11 petaflops. • When it comes to power efficiency, the 2012 Opteron-Tesla combination is on a par with IBM’s 2012 Power BQCs, delivering 2.143 gigaflops per watt.
- 18. Supercomputer in Bangladesh • Bangladesh to buy supercomputer • The government has decided to buy a supercomputer for analyzing critical data, said Zunaid Ahmed Palak, state minister for ICT. "If we have a supercomputer we might avoid the flood in haor areas by analysis data much before the incident happened," said Palak. The ICT division, in a meeting today, decided to buy a supercomputer, he said adding that the government will have it within a short time. Currently, in any emergency people go to Malaysia, said Palak."We need to have this computer for the sake of digitization, which will ultimately save our asset and money."
- 19. Thank You