Survey method.
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Survey research involves studying a representative sample of a population to make inferences about characteristics of the whole population. It is a technique used in social science research to study opinions, attitudes, and social facts. There are different types of surveys, including personal interviews, questionnaires, telephone surveys, and panel techniques. Personal interviews can be structured or unstructured, and they may involve individual or group interactions. Questionnaires use a predetermined set of questions to collect information through self-reporting. Telephone surveys are convenient but risk superficial answers. Panel techniques interview the same sample successively to understand changes over time but are prone to sample loss.
Survey method.
- 2. DEFINITION • Survey Research may be defined as a technique whereby the researcher studies the whole population with respect to certain sociological and psychological variables. • E.g., If the researcher wants to study the factors affecting the interest of the students in mathematics.. (questionnaire, students from diff schools) • Survey Research is a new technique for Social Science Research. • It is used to study opinions, attitudes and social facts. 2Medhavi Gugnani
- 3. The survey researcher is primarily interested in assessing the characteristics of the whole population. It’s not possible (PRACTICALLY). So, a random sample ( representative of the population is taken). SURVEY Relative incidence relationship distribution 3Medhavi Gugnani
- 4. TYPES OF SURVEY RESEARCH 4Medhavi Gugnani
- 5. PERSONAL INTERVIEW • It is a one to one interaction between two people. One is an INTERVIEWER ( who asks the questions) and the other one is the INTERVIEWEE (or respondent, who answers the questions). • Success of any interview depends on three factors – 1. Accessibility in terms of information required from the respondent. She/he must be able to convey. 2. Cognition – The respondent is able to understand what is required of him. 3. Motivation of the respondent to answer accurately. 5Medhavi Gugnani
- 6. Types of interview ( based on type of preparation we make before conducting the interview) Structured Un-structured 6Medhavi Gugnani
- 7. Difference b/w Structured and Unstructured Interview • Structured : Particular Sequence • No Flexibility. Set pattern. • Interview Schedule – preparing list of questions beforehand. • Close ended questions – Answers specified • Unstructured : No Sequence • Flexibility in framing and order of questions. • NO interview Schedule • Open – Ended Questions 7Medhavi Gugnani
- 8. COMBINATIONS OF INTERVIEW SITUATIONS a. Individual to Individual b. Individual to group c. Group to individuals d. Group to group 8Medhavi Gugnani
- 9. QUESTIONNAIRE • It’s one of the most simple, versatile and low cost self reporting method. • Consists of pre-determined set of questions • In other words, these are HIGHLY STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS. • Questionnaire is used for collecting demographic info, attitudes, knowledge etc. • Types of questions used in a survey : 1. Open Ended : E.g. What is friendship to you? 2. Close Ended : E.g. Friendship is a) Love b)Family 3. Rating method : From most preferred to the least. 9Medhavi Gugnani
- 10. TELEPHONE SURVEY • E.g., TV Programmes asking you to send your views through sms. • ADVANTAGES : Time saving. • DISADVANTAGES : Reluctance Uncooperativeness Superficial Answers 10Medhavi Gugnani
- 11. PANEL TECHNIQUE • Successive interview of the same sample. • Purpose is wide and expensive. • ADVANTAGE: 1. Helps the investigator to know the various factors leading to the change 2. More Accuracy and consistency. • DISADVANTAGE: 1. 1.Loss of sample : Urgent work, death, relocation, Migration. 2. 2. Social Desirability. 11Medhavi Gugnani
- 12. Survey Research depends upon 3 important factors : 1) Direct contact with the sample 2) Success of survey research depends upon the willingness and co-operativeness of the sample selected for study. 3) Researcher must be a trained personnel. • Social Intelligence • Manipulative skill • Research insight 12Medhavi Gugnani
- 13. Advantages of survey research 1. Wide Scope, Great deal of information can be obtained. 2. Inter- disciplinary value. 3. Can study topics like – Attitude, Beliefs, values etc. 4. Maximal Accuracy at Economical rate. 13Medhavi Gugnani
- 14. Disadvantages • Research remains at the survey. ( Not In- depth) • Practical Problems- Time Consuming • Prone to sampling errors: Minor fluctuations of chance. • Survey research demands- Expertise, Knowledge on part of the Researcher to conduct a survey, Technical know how. 14Medhavi Gugnani